高二英语动词不定式教案

1、grammar: 不定式 . 不定式句法功能1. 作主 ： the cat said,“ to take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短 作主 ， 可以直接放在句首， 但在很多情况下， 尤其是在疑 句和感 句中，往往放在 之后，而用先行代 it 作形式主 。 the cat said,“ it s terrible to take roller coaster.”how long did it take you to take roller coaster?how terrible it is to take roller coaster?不定式作主 常 句型

2、：a) it is + adj. (easy, important, difficult不定式 ) +b) it is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one s duty, 不ashame)定式 +eg. itys dutym to teach you how to be a student of no.3 middle school.c) it takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience不 ) +定式eg. it requires patience to be a good teache

3、r.2. 作表 ：当句子的主 是 aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose 等或者主 是 what 引 的名 性从句 ，后面可以用不定式做表 ，用以 明主 所包含内容。eg. our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表 的不定式都 to，但当主 部分有 do ， to 可以省略。eg. the only thing we can do now is wait and see.3.作 the cat said“ remember not

4、to take it next time!.”a) 可以直接用不定式作 的 很多，常 的有： agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan,promise, refuse, want, wish等2005 年天津卷 12 ：i don t want _ like i m speaking ill of anybody, but themanager s plan is unfair.a. to soundb. to be soundedc.

5、soundingd. to have sounded当不定式短 比 ， 往往将不定式放到 后， 而用先行代 it 作形式 ，常用 有 feel, think, find, believe, consider, make 等。the cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介 的 ， 只有少数介 如 but, except 等后面可以跟不定式作 。一般情况下作介 的不定式都 to，如果 but 或 except 所在句子里的 都是 do, does, did ，通常省略 to。eg. we have no choice but

6、to wait.cf. we can do nothing but wait.4. 足 在 svoc 句型中， 多 都可以按不定式作 足 。a) 通常作 的不定式要 to ，常用于以下 之后： ask, tell, advise,allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等you should get them to help you.但在 believe, find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟 to be

7、 作 ，不跟to do 第 1页共 6页eg. they believe him to be honest.b) 以下两 后跟不定式作 不能 to 一些表示 “致使 ”意 的 ，如： let, have, make 等一些表示感 的 ，如： hear, feel, see, watch, notice 等 don t let the children trouble you. i heard someone open the door.但当 两 被 ，不定式就成了主 。作主 的不定式必 加上tohis father made him go to bed early. he was made t

8、o go to bed early by his father. 5. 作定 不定式可以在句子充当后置定 ，修 名 。以下几 情况常用不定式作定 ：能 不定式作 的 ， 其同源名 可以 不定式作定 。 常 的有 attempt,decision, promise, plan等eg. he hasn t kept his promise to write to his parents regularly. 常与不定式搭配的形容 ，其同源名 一般可以用不定式作定 。常 的有 ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness 等eg. his eagerness

9、to finish his homework was quite clear. 序数 形容 最高 或被 only, last, next 等修 的名 可以用不定式作定 ： she was the only person to survive after the earthquake.tips: 不定式在作定 ， 有 与被修 的名 有意 上的主 关系、同位关系、 关系，如果 不定式是不及物 ，它后面需要加上适当介 。 eg. he s always the first to come and the last to leave. 主 关系i ve no time to listen to you

10、r excuse. 同位关系she has a meeting to attend. （ 关系 =attend a meeting ） there s nothing to worryabout. ( 关系 =worry about nothing)6. 作状 不定式可以作状 ，表示目的、 果、原因、条件等。 to , in order to, so as to 不能(放在句首 )作目的状 2005 年 宁卷 22 ：all these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in timefor christmas.a. in order to have rec

11、eivedb. in order to receivec. so as to be receivedd. so as to be receiving在 soas to, such.asto, only to 构中不定式作 果状 ，其中 onlyto 用于表示意想不到的 果。he hurried to the station only to find the train had gone. enough to, tooto 构eg. the boy isn t old enough to go to school.= the boy is too young to go to school.形容

12、 （happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever 等） + 不定式 构eg. i m glad to meet you.the question is different to answer.he is hard to get along with.第 2页共 6页7. 作插入语，用来说明说话人的态度、 看法、对整个句子进行解释， 如 to be frank （坦白地说），to be sure （确实）等。eg. to tell you the truth,

13、 i hate you.8. 作同位语eg. the order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的复合结构， 以 it 为形式主语或形式宾语引导的复合结构， 如果其前的形容词是指行为的性质就用： for sb. to do sth. 这种复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。it is necessary for me to learn english well.如果该形容词是指行为的性质， 同时又指行为的人，则用 of sb. to do sth. 。这种句式中的常用形容词有： right, wrong, brave, care

14、ful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly 等。eg. it s very kind of you to come to see me.连接代（副）词+不定式（包括 whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括 why ），在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在诸如 tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain 等动词后作宾、主语或表语。 eg. no one can tel

15、l me where to find john.when to the exam is still unknown.the problem is how to get enough money.不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式不定式的进行式由 to be + v-ing 构成，用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。eg. some students pretended to be reading english when the teacher came in. 不定式完成式由 to have + v-ed 构成，用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。 eg. 2005 年江苏卷 no.2

16、5- is bob still performing?- i m afraid not. he is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.a. to have leftb. to leavec. to have beend. to be left答案是 a不定式的被动式分为一般式被动to be v-ing 和完成式被动 to have been v-ed 。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。eg. it is an honour for me to be invited to the p

17、arty.the book is said to have been translated into many languages.2005 年辽宁卷 no.22all these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for christmas.a. in order to have received b. in order to receive c. so as to be received d. so as to be receiving动名词1. 动名词的句法功能：动名词由动词加 ing 构成，与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用，

18、在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。作主语， 可以直接放在句首， 也可以用先行代词 it 作为形式主语， 而把动名词后置。第 3页共 6页eg. seeing is believing. (眼见为实 )saying is easier than doing.collecting stamps is a good hobby. (单个动名词短语作主语时，动词用单数)动名词作主语还有以下两个习惯表答法：it is no use (good) +动名词：做某事没有用eg. it s no use crying over spilt milk.覆(水难收 )there is no +动名词 (= it

19、is impossible to do sth.)eg. there is no knowing what may happen.（未来的事无法知道）作表语：通常是说明主语的内容，注意它与谓语动词进行时的区别eg. his hobbyis collectingstamps.(此句为svc 结构 ) 可改为： collectingstamps is his hobby.cf. he is collecting stamps. (is collecting是谓语动词进行时， 此句为 svo 结构 )不能改为： collecting stamps is he.作宾语a. 作及物动词的宾语 (enjo

20、y, mind, finish, appreciate,avoid, consider, delay,escape, pratise, suggest, keep(on), miss)eg. 2005 年上海卷 no.32he got well-prepare d for the job interview, for he couldn riskt _ thegood opportunity.a. to loseb. losingc. to be lostd. being lost答案为 b有些动词（ attempt, begin, continue, hate, like, love ）后面

21、既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语， 意义差别不大。 通常认为用动名词泛指一般的倾向性，用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。eg. i like swimming but i don t like to swim in winter.动词 prefer 后面接不定式作宾语时，句子结构与按动名词作宾语是不一样。eg. i prefer to drive rather than to be driven.i prefer driving to riding.有些动词，如 forget, remember, regret 等，后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动

22、词。eg. 2005 年北京卷 no.30when asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, butnot _.a. to arrive,leavingb. to arrive,to leavec. arriving,leavingd.arriving, to leave在下列句型中动名词作真正宾语：动词 +it（形式宾语） +宾补 +动名词（真正宾语）eg. i think it no use telling them.we think it no good inviting to him.b. 作介词的宾语eg.

23、2005 年浙江卷 no.3the president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour _his notes.a. bringing upb. referring toc. looking ford. trying on第 4页共 6页be used to doing 于做； look forward to doing 盼望做； devote one s life to doing 致力于做； spent time (in) doing 花 做； be fond of doing 喜 做；be good at doing 擅 做

24、； be proud of doing 做 而自豪； be tired of doing 做 感到 倦； feel like doing 欲想做； go on doing 做（原来的事）；keep on doing 不停地做； what about doing 做怎么 ； think of doing 考 做；be interested in doing 做 感 趣；have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing做某事有困 ； be busy (in) doing忙于做； instead of doing做而不做 eg. 2005 年江 卷 no.23everybodyin the villagelikes jack becausehe is goodat telling and_ jokes.a. turning upb. putting upc. making upd. showing up答案 c 作定 名 可作前置定 ，表示所修 的 的用途或目的，可用for 改写；而 在分 作定 ，可用定 从句