高二英语下册教案：语法讲义——名词性从句

1、语法讲义名词性从句一、复合句的定义： 复合句又称主从复合句， 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句。二、名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。引导词功能例词从属连词只起连接作用， 不充当从句的任何成分thatwhetherif连接代词既起连接作用， 本身又作从句的主、 宾、whowhomwhatwhich whose表、定whateverwhicheverwhoever连接副词既起连接作用，本身又作从句的状语when where how why wheneverwhereve

2、r主语从句1、 that引导的主从（ that 在主从中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，通常不能省略）在正式文中，为了强调 that引导的主从， that可以置于句首，在这种情况下，that 不可省e.g: 很明显，司机不能控制他的车。that the driver could not control his car was obvious.她被选中使我们非常高兴。that she was chosen made us very happy.在通常情况下，用it 作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。此时that有时可省（改写上文两个例句）it was obvious that the driv

3、er could not control his car.it made us very happy that she was chosen.如果 that 从句是疑问句，只能用it 作形式主语结构e.gis it certain that he will come?it it true that he would take the risk?it 作形式主语置于句首时，常用结构：it + be + adj. + that从句很可能他会来。it is likely that he will come.真奇怪她曾经信任他.it is strange that she has ever trust

4、ed him. it + be + n. 词组 + that 从句鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。it is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.他竟然错过了火车，真是遗憾。it is a pity that he should have missed the train.难怪他看起来如此迷惑。it s noonderw that he looks so puzzled.（在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that分句中的谓语动词常用should ）it + be + p.p. （ said, reported, hoped, known, be

5、lieved etc.） + that从句据说他是一个著名的作家。it is said that he is a famous writer.据报道今天下午有一场暴风雨。it is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon.it +seem/ happen/ appear等不及物动词+ that从句似乎他错了。it seems that he is wrong.好象他们现在急需帮助。it now appears that they are in urgent need of help.2、 whether引导的主从，意为“是否”（ i

6、f 不能引导主语从句）他是否会赢得这场比赛，还不清楚。whether he will win the game is not clear.她来不来与我无关。whether she comes or not doesnt concern me.从句在句首时，必用whether ， 在句尾时，有时可用if .第 1页共 4页e.g: it is not clear whether/ if he will come.3、 wh- 疑问词引导主语从句他为什么做这件事还不知道。why he did this is not known.它是谁的书并不重要。whose book it is not impo

7、rtant.他什么时候会回来还不知道。when he will return is still unknown.谁为这次事故负责还不清楚。who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.（wh- 引导的主语从句也常用it 作形式主语的句式中）e.g: it is not known why he did this.4、 也可以用 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等词引导主语从句无论谁告诉你那件事都是在撒谎。whoever told you that was lying.看

8、2001 年的一道高考题：_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.a. itb. asc. thatd. what分析：此题很多考生误选了a 或 c，其原因是没有注意到逗号的作用。句中逗号已表明该句不是主语从句，而是as 引导的非限制性定语从句。故答案为b.上海 99 年的一道高考题：_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.a. whob. the onec. anyoned. whoever分析：此题答案为d。

9、“疑问词 +ever”构成的复合连接词（however 除外）既可以引导名词性从句（主从、表从、宾从、同位语从句），也可以引导让步状语从句。而“no matter +疑问词” 只能引导让步状语从句。二者引导让步状语从句时可以互换，引导名词性从句时只能用“疑问词 +ever”形式。表语从句1、 that引导的表语从句无任何意义，不充当任何句子成分，通常不省略 表示事实、真理等的实际内容事实是他在撒谎。the fact is that he is lying.表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容我们的信念是一切都会好转的。our belief is that things will improve.麻

10、烦是我们缺少资金。the trouble is that we are short of money.2、 whether 引导（此时通常不可用if 代替 whether. ）问题是人们是否会买它。the question is whether people will buy it.3、 wh- 引导那只铅笔在它原先放的地方。the pencil is where it was.问题是我们应该去哪。the question is where we should go.4、 as if, as though 引导，可用真实语气也可用虚拟语气他看起来好象生气了。he looks as if he

11、were angry.他看起来好象要哭了。he looks as if he were going to cry.宾语从句1、 that引导从句无意义，不充当任何成分，常省略。（动词后有两个宾语从句第二个that 不可省）e.g: i know (that) you have met him and that you have become good friends.经常在动词和宾语从句之间插一个间接宾语（人）。他告诉我他错了。he told me that he was wrong.第 2页共 4页在动词 think , believe, suppose, expect, guess 等后面

12、的宾语从句中的否定前移e.g: i don t think you are right.i don t believe he has finished his work.某些表示“心理活动”的adj. 如 sure, happy, glad, certain, afraid 等后可接宾从我确定我们的实验会成功的。i m sure that our experiment will succeed.许多带复合宾语的句子，that 引导的宾从经常移到句后，而用it 作形式宾语我们认为他对所有人撒谎是错的。we think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone

13、.我们认为她错过了这个机会真遗憾。we thought it a pity that she missed the chance.2、 whether, if引导宾从，表“是否”可互换，一般在口语中，常用if 代替 whether我不知道他是否会赢。i don t knowwhether he will win or not.3、 wh- 引导的宾从告诉我想要什么。tell me what you want.你知道谁来参加会议吗？do you know who will come at the meeting?你可以问他他什么时候去北京。you may ask him when he is g

14、oing to beijing .4、 whatever, whoever, whomever, whenever, wherever等引导的宾语从句无论他说什么都记下来。please write down whatever he is saying.我会做你让我做的任何事。i ll do whatever you asked me to.注意：“一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求”（ insist / ordercommand / suggestpropose advise / askrequirerequestdemand ）后的宾从要用虚拟语气，结构为 “ should+ 动词原形”

15、其中 should 可以省略。同位语从句在下列名词后： answer, belief, doubt, fact, hope, information, idea, knowledge, law, news, opinion, plan, truth, suggestion, thought etc. 用 that 引导 ,that 不能省略我不知道你在这儿。i had no idea that you were here.suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.他总是努力工作尽管事实上他身体不好。he always work

16、s hard in spite of the fact that he is not in good health.有时同位语从句不是紧跟在先行词后面，而是被其他词隔开e.g: the story goes that william killed his wife.名词 demand, suggestion, proposal等的同位语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，为 should +动词原形， should 可以省略。推迟那项计划的建议将在明天讨论。the suggestion that we should put off the plan will be discussed tomorrow

17、.同位语从句不同于定语从句,前者对名词加以补充说明,后者对名词加以限制。e.g: the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole world.(同位语从句)the news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句 )引导同位语从句的that在句中无任何语法作用（既不充当任何句子成分，仅仅起引导作用），无任何具体意思，不可省略。引导定语从句的that 是一个代词，代替前面的先行词，所以有具体意思。在从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。e.g: the s

18、uggestion that he (should) not go there is of great value.(同位语从句 )the suggestion (that) he made is of great value. ( 定语从句 ) whether和 if 都可引导名词性从句，一般情况下可通用，但在下列情况下，只用whether:1、 介词后的宾语从句只用whether第 3页共 4页everything depends on whether the situation will improve.一切取决于形势是否好转。2、 在 whether or not结构中，不可用if 代

19、替 whetheri don t know whether or not he我ll不come知道.他是否来还是不来。3、 引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用 ifwhether we ll go depends on the weather. 我们去还是不去要看天气而定。the question is whether it is worth doing.问题是这是否值得做。4、 在 discuss 等某些动词后不用if, 而用 whether.the students are discussing whether they can finish the work in time.5、 当由 if 引导宾语从句会产生歧义时，宜用whethere.g: please tell me if you need the book.此句可有两种解释：a. 请告诉我你是否需要这本书。