japan-2nd international workshop on sectoral emissions reduction potential oct200801_japan

1、Japans View on SectoralApproachOctober 22nd, 2008Shin Okamoto JAPANWhat is Sectoral Approach?Concept SA is a tool to address global emissions by sectors Basic concept of SA is embedded in the Kyoto ProtocolAdvantagesThrough analyzing reduction potentials and setting indicators, SA is useful in setti

2、ngambitious and feasible national reduction targets for developed countries, ensuring comparability promoting effective technology transferPrinciples1) Not replace national emission reduction targets2) Consistent with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabi

3、lities”3) Not apply a single common standard to all countries4) Not lead to any trade sanctions1Step1:Focus on sectoral emissionsResidential/CommercialRoad transport Power generationIron and SteelCement Aluminum Other IndustriesEnergyrelated CO2International aviation& marine bunker fuelLULUCFOther g

4、asEfficiency/IntensityEvaluateimprovementof efficiencybased on technologiesEmission perunit production/energy consumption per unit productionEvaluate improvement of intensity by policies &measuresLowcarbonization ofsocial system, national campaigns, enhanced recyclingResidentialIron and steelCO2Tota

5、l GHGCO2EmissionEstimate CO2EmissionActivity=EstimateActivity levelStep2: Analyze Sectoral emission2Step3:Compare the developed countries efforts(1) Aggregate potential of each sector to estimate national potentialIron & steel, cement, aluminum: based on international efficiency indicatorPower gener

6、ation, road transport : based on international efficiency indicator andnational policyCommercial, residential: based on national policy(2) Crosscheck and adjust the level of aggregated national target from the viewpoint of comparability, using various indicators (e.g. intensity, marginal abatement c

7、ost etc.)Aggregatecomparableenergy policyInternationally comparableResidentialenergy policyPower generationautomobiles, etc.infrastructureinfrastructureRoad TransportResidentialResidential, Commercial etc.Sectors to be addressed mainly based on domestic effortsPower generation, Road transport Sector

8、s where international efforts/collaboration can be partly developedInternationally comparableparableCementIron and Steelpartly cocoalfired power generation,etc.)AluminumcomparableIron & steel, Cement, AluminumSectors where international efforts/collaborationare already welladvanced3Step4:Disseminate

9、 BAT to promote MRV actionsNational efforts of developing countries can be supported by identifying BAT/BP and promoting effective transfer of them through analyzing reduction potentialsMajor developing countries can use sectoral efficiency indicators to set MRV mitigation actionsMany of these actio

10、ns have no regret nature with cobenefits (e.g., energyconservation, reduction of air pollution)*BAT: Best Available TechnologyDeveloped CountriesMajor Developing CountriesinfrastructureRoad Transportautomobiles, etc.Power generationcoalfired power generation,etc.Iron and Steel Cement Aluminumenergy

11、policyPower generation,Road transportIron & steel, Cement, AluminumCovers over 50 % of the total energyrelated CO2Transfer of BAT, best practicesExample of cooperation under the AsiaPacific Partnership (APP)Technology HandbookCO2 reductionpotentialPerformancediagnosisTechnology transfer4Through anal

12、yzing reduction potentials and setting indicators, Sectoral Approach helps to compare the developed countries efforts accelerates global emissions reduction by supporting national efforts of developing countries through transfer of technology helping major developing countries to set MRV mitigation

13、actionsEnergy policyEnergy policyInfrastructureInfrastructureResidentialCO2 emission reductionCompare the effortstargetAggregateDevelopedCountryXResidentialInfrastructureDevelopedCountry YAutomobiles etc.Major Developing Countries ZMRV actions (e.g. based on efficiency indicators)Scheme of Sectoral

14、ApproachEnergy policycoalfired power generation etc.Iron and Steel Cement AluminumInternational Cooperative Actionse.g. APP, WSA, IAI and CSI of WBCSD5Nationally appropriate actions by developing countriesDifferentiation and Actions of Developing Countries (DCs)A) DCs expected to take further mitiga

15、tion actions based on certain criteria such as economic development stages, response capabilities and shares of global GHG emissionsn Binding targets for: GHG intensity or energy intensity in major sectors (e.g., power, iron/steel, cement, aluminum, road transport) Economy-wide GHG/GDP or TEC/GDP(wi

16、th estimate of total GHG emissions based on GDP forecast)n National measurement system for its targetsn Voluntary national action plan to be reviewed periodically by COPB) DCs emittingvery little GHGs and vulnerable to climate change (e.g. LDCs and SIDs)C) Other DCsn Voluntary national action plan t

17、o be reviewed periodicallyGraduationn Move to upper group in accordance with the economic development Japans Case: Energy Supply & Demand and CO2 emissions1. Estimate sectoral activity level. Basic sectors are i) Industry, ii) Commercial and Residential and iii) Transportation.2. Estimate sectoral e

18、nergy demand from activity level i)Energy efficient technology and ii) energy saving activities improve efficiency.3. Calculate sectoral energy supply from demand.4. Calculate sectoral CO2 emission from energy supply. i) Low carbon technology and ii) change of energy mix improve CO2 intensity.Activi

19、tyEnergy IntensityEnergyCO2IntensityCO2EmissionImprovement byEnergy Efficient technologyImprovement byLow-Carbon technologyExample: Subsector AImprove Energy Intensity1051009590858075Improve CO2 IntensityReduce CO2 emission10510095908580751051009590858075199020052020203019902005202020301990200520202

20、030 Japans Case: How to Calculate the Sectoral Emissions1. Energy demand is evaluated from the production.2. Introduction of energy efficient technology is considered.3. Introduction of low carbon technology and low carbon fuel mixture are considered.4. CO2 emission from fuel input is directly calcu

21、lated.5. CO2 emission from electricity is indirectly calculated.ProductionEnergy IntensityEnergydemandElectricityCoal, Oil, Gas RenewableCO2IntensityCO2emission Japans Case: Structure of Sectors and CO2 Emission1. Basic sectors are constructed by sub-sectors.2. Energy demand and CO2 emission are eva

22、luatedbysub- sectoral basis.3. “Power Sector” is separately estimated.1. Industry sector4 Manufacturing IndustriesIron & steel, cement, chemicals, paper & pulpenergy demand / unit production (ton)Othersenergy demand / million yen (value added)2. Commercial and Residential sectorCommercialenergy demand / unit floor (m2)Residentialenergy demand / unit household3. Transportation