基于移动终端的校园考勤系统设计修改

毕业设计（论文）材料之二（2）本科毕业设计( 论文) 开题报告题目： 基于移动终端的校园考勤系统的设计与实现School attendance system based on mobile terminal design and implementation课 题 类 型： 设计 实验研究 论文 学 生 姓 名： 李梦 学 号： 3130705124 专 业 班 级： 物联网工程 131 班学 院： 计算机与信息学院 指 导 教 师： 卢桂馥 开 题 时 间： 2017.03 2017 年 月 日一、本课题的研究意义、研究现状和发展趋势（文献综述）1、研究意义随着社会的发展，经济水平的提高，手机越来越普及。据工信部统计数据，2014 年一月底中国移动通讯用户达 12.35 亿，其中 4.19 亿（33.94%）为3G 用户，8.38 亿（67.80%）为移动互联网接入用户。同时伴随着移动互联网技术的发展，手机的功能也变得越来越丰富。从原来只具有简单通信功能的非智能手机到现在具有手机操作系统，除通话功能以外，还集上网、聊天、炒股、收发邮件等功能于一身的智能手机系统。 基于 Android 平台应用程序的开发就更加具有市场价值智能手机具有五大特点：具有开放的操作系统，可以自由安装第三方应用，使系统功能得到无限扩展；具有无线接入互联网的能力，即在 GSM 网络中需要支持 GPRS，在 CDMA网络中支持 CDMA 1X 或 3G 网络；具有 PDA 的功能，包括 PIM(个人信息管理)、多媒体应用、浏览网页、日程记事等；功能强大，扩展性强，第三方支持多；人性化，可以根据个人需要扩展及其功能。本点名系统主要是针对学校点名而研发的。学校点名不同于普通的企业单位点名。其特点是体系庞大，班级众多，上课时间各不相同。而且有时会由于临时原因调课，而且在非上课时间学生的流动性比较大，容易在非上课时间或由非点名对象对点名造成干扰。由于学生的出勤情况是和期末的成绩挂钩，因此点名记录的时效性比较长。任课教师需要随时了解自己的课程学生的出勤情况，同时管理人员也要能快速够统计学生们的出勤情况，为了让学生们能够改正不规范的学习态度，要及时给予学生们缺勤的警告和处理。 学校点名系统的主要要求就是能够考察记录学生的上课出勤、旷课、早退、请假的情况。 2、研究现状和发展趋势点名是现代企事业管理的基础，也是衡量企事业管理水平的重要标志。随着电子芯片的高度集成化，点名系统的功能也变得越来越完善和强大，而且越来越容易操作。以下是点名系统的发展过程： 1） 人工签到的方式：在信息技术还没有被广泛运用的时候，日常点名管理工作主要依靠大量的人力来完成； 2） 单一的键盘输入密码方式：常常会有因忘记密码而被拒之门外尴尬的事发生； 3） 接触卡式点名系统：例如：磁码卡，它是把磁质贴在塑料卡片上制成的，磁卡可以改写，应用方便，其缺点是易消磁，易磨损；铁码卡，这种卡片中间用特殊的 2 金属线排列编码，采用金属烧磁原理制成，不易被复制，铁码卡可有效地防磁、防水、防尘、是安全性较高的一种卡，但仍然可能会因为卡片被消磁或弄脏，而将使用人员拒之门外； 4） 感应卡（非接触式 IC 卡）：卡片采用了先进的半导体制造技术和信息安全技术，利用电子回路及感应线圈在读卡器本身产生的特殊振荡频率，当卡片进入读卡器能量范围时产生共振，感应电流使电子回路发射信号到读卡器，经读卡器将接收的信号转换成卡片资料，送到控制器对比。它具有以下突出特点：存储量大，从几字节到几兆字节；体积小，重量轻，携带方便，抗干扰能力强；安全性高，存储器本身具有控制密码，若非法解密，卡片会自毁；能脱机方式使用，对网络的要求不高，故投资较小；寿命长，读写次数大于 10 万次；数据保存时间长达 10 年以上。 以上几种点名系统都存在着一个共同的缺点，即不能从根本上杜绝密码遗失、盗用、破解或冒名顶替等现象的出现。 5） 生物识别系统：生物识别以生物技术为基础，以信息技术为手段，将两大高新技术交汇融合为一体。生物识别技术是利用人体生物特征进行身份认证的一种技术。生物特征是指惟一的、可测量或可自动识别的生理特征或行为特征。生理特征多为先天性的，如指纹、眼睛虹膜、脸像、静脉等；行为特征则多为后天性的，如笔迹、步态等。与传统的身份鉴别手段相比，基于生物特征的身份鉴别技术具有以下优点：不会遗忘或丢失；防伪性能好，不易伪造或被盗；随身携带，随时随地可用。 由于生物识别技术特有的这些优点，很快受到人们的普遍欢迎，得到迅速地发展。于是我们开始设计基于 android 的点名系统，更加方便，快捷，准确。而随着物质水平的提高和移动通信水平的发展，几乎人人都有了自己的手机，手机成为了人们生活中必不可少的工具。在这个互联网高度发展的时代，Google 公司旗下的 Android 手机平台以其人性化的界面以及独特的操作体验在短时间内占领了移动通信市场。随着 Android 平台的普及和使用，Android 手机应用关注度越来越高。Android 开发技术是当今的一个热门技术，涉及到手机通讯、手机游戏、日常应用等各个方面。如今利用Android 手机解决日常问题的条件也趋于成熟，于是用基于 Android 手机的课堂点名系统来点名以及进行智能的签到数据统计必定是将来课堂点名签到的一个趋势。2、主要设计（研究）内容本系统专为高校一线教师开发，教师可以直接在教室里使用，选用了eclipse 与数据库相结合。主要功能有： （1）用户管理：用户通过提交用户密码和用户密码进行系统登陆，系统便会根据这些登陆资料，辨别出用户的身份； （2）课堂点名：教师在课堂上实现了计算机自动化的、方便的点名流程； （3）考勤信息的读取：可以实现对已经记录的学生考勤信息进行查看、修改；（4）学生信息的管理：可以实现对班级以及学生信息的添加； （5）课程信息管理：可以实现对课程的添加，教师授课的添加以及学生选课的信息的添加； （6）教师信息管理：可以实现新教师信息的添加功能三、研究方案及工作计划（含工作重点与难点及拟采用的途径）（1）系统应符合点名的规定，满足信息行业相关人员日常使用的需要，并达到操作过程中的直观，方便，实用，安全等要求；（2）系统采用模块化程序设计方法，既便于系统功能的各种组合和修改，又便于未参与开发的技术维护人员补充，维护； （3）系统应具备数据库维护功能,及时根据用户需求进行数据的添加、删除、修改、备份等操作； （4）尽量采用现有软件环境及先进的管理系统开方案，从而达到充分利用现有资源，提高系统开发水平和应用效果的目的。基于以上考量，本次系统设计按以下步骤推进：1.查阅文档，确定初步的设计思路。2.需求分析。3.逻辑设计。4.详细设计。5.编写并调试系统。6.撰写论文。设计（论文）进度计划表 1 论文进度计划起止日期 周 次 内 容 进 程2 月 27 日3 月 19 日 13 毕业实习，开题报告， 需求分析3 月 20 日4 月 2 日 45 概要设计4 月 3 日4 月 9 日 6 详细设计4 月 10 日5 月 7 日 710 编码，完成系统设计5 月 8 日5 月 15 日 11 系统调试5 月 16 日5 月 30 日 1213 撰写论文初稿5 月 31 日6 月 14 日 1415 修改论文，准备答辩四、阅读的主要参考文献（不少于 10 篇，期刊类文献不少于 7 篇，应有一定数量的外文文献，至少附一篇引用的外文文献（3 个页面以上）及其译文）1田正学, 王小兵等 . 大学生逃课现象研究N. 重庆石油高等专科学校学报.2004, 3: 22-24. 2徐刚. 大学生 “逃课”的心理动力分析及对策J. 中国青年研究. 2005, 8:84-88. 3黄彬. 大学生逃课的社会成因及矫治N. 哈尔滨学院学报. 2004, 5: 112-117.4王海鸥, 徐刚 . 高校课堂点名制度研究J. 考试周刊. 2012, 42: 168-169. 5张捷, 朱晓姝 , 李露璐. 一个新的课堂教学工具智能考勤及提问点名系统的设计与实现N. 玉林师范学报 , 2014, 35(2): 119-124. 6崔淼, 陈明非 . Virtual C#2005 程序设计教程M. 北京: 机械工业出版社.2008: 2-3. 7王立丰, 刘义 . 跟我学 C#（短时间内掌握 C#编程开发技术，快速提高编程水平）M. 北京. 中国铁道出版社. 2010: 1-3. 8马建红, 李占波 . 数据库原理及应用（SQL Server 2008）M. 北京: 清华大学出版社. 2011: 1-2.9王赛兰. 计算机图形用户界面设计与应用M. 北京: 北京大学出版社.2014: 47-48.10范慧君. 多媒体图形界面设计的研究D. 合肥工业大学. 2007: 1-2. 11陈蓉, 陈锋 . 软件工程中程序设计方法的比较J. 电脑知识与技术.2012, 2: 333-334. 12施金兰.基于 android 平台的网络共享研究与实现 D.上海；华东师范大学，201113jectEB/OL.2013-05-20./五、指导教师意见（签名）2017 年 4 月日附录（英文原文及翻译）Android Application FundamentalsAndroid applications are written in the Java programming language. The Android SDK tools compile the codealong with any data and resource filesintoan Android package, an archive file with an .apk suffix. All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application and is the file that Android-powered devices use to install the application.Once installed on a device, each Android application lives in its own security sandbox:The Android operating system is a multi-user Linux system in which each application is a different user.By default, the system assigns each application a unique Linux user ID (the ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the application). The system sets permissions for all the files in an application so that only the user ID assigned to that application can access them.Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an applications code runs in isolation from other applications.By default, every application runs in its own Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the applications components need to be executed, then shuts down the process when its no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for other applications.In this way, the Android system implements the principle of least privilege. That is, each application, by default, has access only to the components that it requires to do its work and no more. This creates a very secure environment in which an application cannot access parts of the system for which it is not given permission.However, there are ways for an application to share data with other applications and for an application to access system services:Its possible to arrange for two applications to share the same Linux user ID, in which case they are able to access each others files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same user ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process and share the same VM (the applications must also be signed with the same certificate).An application can request permission to access device data such as the users contacts, SMS messages, the mountable storage (SD card), camera, Bluetooth, and more. All application permissions must be granted by the user at install time.That covers the basics regarding how an Android application exists within the system. The rest of this document introduces you to:The core framework components that define your application.The manifest file in which you declare components and required device features for your application.Resources that are separate from the application code and allow your application to gracefully optimize its behavior for a variety of device configurations. Application ComponentsApplication components are the essential building blocks of an Android application. Each component is a different point through which the system can enter your application. Not all components are actual entry points for the user and some depend on each other, but each one exists as its own entity and plays a specific roleeach one is a unique building block that helps define your applications overall behavior.There are four different types of application components. Each type serves a distinct purpose and has a distinct lifecycle that defines how the component is created and destroyed.Here are the four types of application components:Activities:An activity represents a single screen with a user interface. For example, an email application might have one activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity to compose an email, and another activity for reading emails. Although the activities work together to form a cohesive user experience in the email application, each one is independent of the others. As such, a different application can start any one of these activities (if the email application allows it). For example, a camera application can start the activity in the email application that composes new mail, in order for the user to share a picture.An activity is implemented as a subclass of activity and you can learn more about it in the activities developer guide.Services:A service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations or to perform work for remote processes. A service does not provide a user interface. For example, a service might play music in the background while the user is in a different application, or it might fetch data over the network without blocking user interaction with an activity. Another component, such as an activity, can start the service and let it run or bind to it in order to interact with it.A service is implemented as a subclass of Service and you can learn more about it in the Services developer guide.Content providersA content provider manages a shared set of application data. You can store the data in the file system, an SQLite database, on the web, or any other persistent storage location your application can access. Through the content provider, other applications can query or even modify the data (if the content provider allows it). For example, the Android system provides a content provider that manages the users contact information. As such, any application with the proper permissions can query part of the content provider (such as ContactsContract.Data) to read and write information about a particular person.Content providers are also useful for reading and writing data that is private to your application and not shared. For example, the Note Pad sample application uses a content provider to save notes.A content provider is implemented as a subclass of ContentProvider and must implement a standard set of APIs that enable other applications to perform transactions. For more information, see the Content Providers developer guide.A unique aspect of the Android system design is that any application can start another applications component. For example, if you want the user to capture a photo with the device camera, theres probably another application that does that and your application can use it, instead of developing an activity to capture a photo yourself. You dont need to incorporate or even link to the code from the camera application. Instead, you can simply start the activity in the camera application that captures a photo. When complete, the photo is even returned to your application so you can use it. To the user, it seems as if the camera is actually a part of your application.When the system starts a component, it starts the process for that application (if its not already running) and instantiates the classes needed for the component. For example, if your application starts the activity in the camera application that captures a photo, that activity runs in the process that belongs to the camera application, not in your applications process. Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications dont have a single entry point (theres no main() function, for example).Because the system runs each application in a separate process with file permissions that restrict access to other applications, your application cannot directly activate a component from another application. The Android system,