英语中的形容词概念

一、形容词概念定义：说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。二、形容词构词法加后缀： 比如-ly(friendly ， lovely， lonely， lively，ugly，brotherly),-ful(helpful, hopeful, useful, careful), -ern(western, eatern)，-y(windy, rainy, furry, sunny, snowy, noisy)还有比如 -ese, -ian 等合成：two-week, eight-year-old 等等三、形容词功能。1. 做定语，a, 放在所修饰的名词之前，头发：长短，曲直，颜色, long straight black hair。普通名词：大小，形状，新旧，颜色，国籍，材料， a big round new yellow Chinese wood table.b, 放在所修饰词之后的，如合成不定代词，some-,no-,any 和 every-+-thing,-body，和放在量词之后，He is one metres tall.和 else 修饰疑问代词时c, 表 示 位 置 、 次 序 的 形 容 词 left 左 边 的 right 右 边 的 elder 年 长 的 ，latter 后 者 的 ； 表 示 某 种 材 料 的 形 容词 ， golden 金 的 ， wooden 木 制 的2. 作表语。A, 只能做表语的形容词，afraid, alone, asleep, alive, well, ill, alike, awake 等（正）Dont be afraid.（误）Mr Li is an afraid man.（正） The old man was ill yesterday.（误）This is an ill person.B, 感动系动词 +adj, feel, sound, smell, taste, lookC, 表示使、变的 get wet, become good, turn red, grow big 等。3. 作宾语补足语。Make, keep, findThe teacher makes it easy to learn.Please keep the classroom clean.I find it hard to learn English.4. 常见形容词句型。It is +adj+for(of) sb to do sth.形容词+不定式 常用于这种句型的形容词有：able, sure, lucky, ready, happy, likely(可能的)等。例如 She is sure to pass the exam.她一定会考及格的。Im lucky to meet you here.我真幸运，能在这儿碰到你5. .“the+形容词” 用作主语及宾语 The old often think of old things.老年人经常回想往事。The new always take the place of the old.新生事物总是会取代旧的事物。四 形容词的比较级和最高级形容词变化规则a. 单音节词和少数双音节词（clever）-er, -est, taller, tallestb. 以 不 发 音 e 结 尾 的 单 音 节 词 ， 比 较在 原 级 后 加 -r， 最 高 级 在 原 级 后 加 -st；large larger largest, nice nicer nicestc. 在 重 读 闭 音 节 （ 即 ： 辅 音 元 音 辅 音 ） 中 ， 先 双 写 末 尾 的 辅 音 字 母 ，比 较 级 加 -er， 最 高 级 加 -est；big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattestd. 以 “辅 音 字 母 y”结 尾 的 双 音 节 词， 把 y 改 为 i， 比 较 级 加 -er， 最 高 级加 -est；如 ： easy easier easiest heavy heavier heaviest busy busier busiest happy happier happieste 其 他 双 音 节 词 和 多 音 节 词 ， 比 较 级在 前 面 加 more,最 高 级 在 前 面 加 most；如 ： beautiful more beautiful most beautifuldifferent more,different mostdifferent注 意 ： 形 容 词 最 高 级 前 通 常 必 须 用 定 冠 词 the， 副 词 最 高 级 前 可 不 用 。例 句 ： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. f. 不 规 则原级 比较级 最高级good(好的)/ well(健康的)better bestbad(坏的)/ ill( 病的) worse worstold(老的) older/elder oldest/eldestmuch/many(多的) more mostlittle(少的) less leastfar(远的) farther/further farthest/furthest2 用 法“A + be +形 容 词 比 较 级 + than + B” 意 思 为 “A 比 B 更 ”。如 ： This tree is taller than that one. 这 棵 树 比 那 棵 树 高 。 注 意 ： 在 含 有 连 词 than 的 比 较 级 中 ， 前后 的 比 较 对 象 必 须 是 同 一 范 畴 ， 即 同 类 事物 之 间 的 比 较 。 比 如 ， Her hair is longerer than me。 是 个 错 句 子 ， 应 该 说 ， Her hair is longer than mine/my hair.在 比 较 级 前 面 使 用 much， 表 示 程度 程 度 “强 得 多 ”。如 ： A watermelon is much bigger than an apple. very, quite 一 般 只 能 修 饰 原 级 ， 不能 修 饰 比 较 级 。2 “比 较 级 + and + 比 较 级 ”或 “more and more +原 级 ”表 示 “越 来 越 ”如 ： It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春 天 来 了 ， 天 气 变 得 越 来 越 暖 和 了 。It is getting cooler and cooler.天 气 越 来 越 凉 爽 。The wind became more and more heavily.风 变 得 越 来 越 大 。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我 们 的 学 校 变 得 越 来 越 美 丽 。3 在 含 有 or 的 选 择 疑 问 句 中 ， 如 果 有两 者 供 选 择 ， 前 面 的 形 容 词 要 用比 较 级 形 式 。如 ： Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更 高 ， Tim 还 是 Tom?4. “the +比 较 级 , the+比 较 级 ”，表 示 “越 越 ”。The more money you make, the more you spend.钱 你 赚 得 越 多 ， 花 得 越 多 。The sooner， the better. 越 快 越 好 。5. 表 示 倍 数 的 比 较 级 用 法 ：. A is times（ twice） the size /height/length/width of B. 如 ： The new building is three times the height of the old one.这 座 新 楼 比 那 座 旧 楼 高 三 倍 。 (新 楼是 旧 楼 的 四 倍 高 ). A is times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如 ： Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚 洲 是 欧 洲 的 四 倍 大 。 (亚 洲 比 欧 洲 大三 倍 ). A is times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如 ： Our school is twice bigger than yours.我 们 学 校 比 你 们 学 校 大 两 倍 。6. 形 容 词 、 副 词 的 最 高 级 形 式 主 要 用 来表 示 三 者 或 三 者 以 上 人 或 事 物 的 比 较， 表 示 “最 ”的 意 思 。句 子 中 有 表 示 范 围 的 词 或 短 语 。 如 of the three, in our class 等 等 。如 ： He is the tallest in our class.他 在 我 们 班 里 是 最 高 的 .7. 原 级 肯 定 asasHe is as old as me否 定 词 语 +比 较 级 “， “否 定 词 语 + so as“结 构 表 示 最 高 级 含 义 。 ,He is not so old as me.=He is younger than me.8. 比 较 级 与 最 高 级 的 转 换 ： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class1） 可 修 饰 比 较 级 的 词.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等 。 . 还 可 以 用 表 示 倍 数 的 词 或 度 量 名词 作 修 饰 语注 意 ： 使 用 最 高 级 要 注 意 将 主 语 包 括在 比 较 范 围 内 。 (错 ) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对 ) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下 列 词 可 修 饰 最 高 级 ： by far, far, much, mostly, almost。序 数 词 通 常 只 修 饰 最 高 级 。 Africa is the second largest continent9.要 避 免 重 复 使 用 比 较 级 。 (错 ) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对 ) He is more clever than his brother. (对 ) He is cleverer than his brother10. 要 避 免 将 主 语 含 在 比 较 对 象 中 。 (错 ) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对 ) China is larger than any other country in Asia.11. 要 注 意 对 应 句 型 ， 遵 循 前 后 一 致 的 原则 。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out注意：most 有时和形容词连用，前面用不定冠词，表示“非常” Eg. Its a most useful book. 它是一本非常有用的书。初 四 形 容 词 习 题 专 练姓名：_ 日期:_ 分数：_一选 择 题1. You are fatter than _. A. he B. his C. him D. he is tall2. The Changjiang River is one of _ in the world. A. the longest river B. The more C. the longest rivers D. longer river3. My hair is longer than _. A. my sister B. Kate C. my brothers D.Lucys4. There is _ paper here. Please bring some. A. little B. less C. fewer D. a little 5. Its too _ for you to do that. A. easy B. more dangerous C. harder D. the easist6. Mother is _ in my family. A. busy B. busier C. the busiest D. more busy7. The dumplings are _ than the noodles, I think. A. more nicer B. much delicious C. very nice D. much more delicious8. Theyre going to have holiday next month.A. a two weeks B. two-weekC. atwo-week D. two weeks9. This match made them at last.A.happily B.quickly C.slowly D.friendly10. Miss Li asked a question, but it was that nobody could answer it.A.very difficult B.too difficultC.difficult enough D.so difficult11. The day is bright and .Lets go for a walk. A.sunny B.dark C.cloudy D.wind12. Mr Brown is a rich man. He often helps the .A.poor B.rich C.poorer D.richer13. My cousin is very busy with his work .He has _time to read newspaper.A. little B. few C. a little D. a few 14. Theres_with your watch because it often keeps bad time.A. nothing wrong B. something wrong C. wrong nothing D. wrong something15. Mother looked _when she received our presents.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily16. What _ do you want to buy?A. otherB. other bookC. else D. else book17. The _ boy is still in bed.A. alone B. asleep C. afraid D. sleeping18. Last night, my father came home _ later than before.A. more B. very C. never D. a little19. Is Chinese _ English?A. so as useful B. more useful asC. as easy as D. easier as20. She is a _ girl .A six-years-old B six-year-oldC six-year-old D six years old 21. - What delicious cakes ！- They would taste _ with butter .A good B better C bad D worse 22. Harry Potter is an _ movie,every student is _ in it. .A interesting; interestingB interested; interestedC interesting; interested D interested; interesting23. - Who else does he want to see ?- If he doesnt want to see , does _ want to ?A anybody else B everybody else C else everybody D else anybody24. - Dad ,could you buy me a computer like this ?- Of course , we can buy _ one than this ,but _ it .A a better; cheaper thanB a popular; as good as C a more popular; not as good as D a cheaper; as good as25. The old man lives _, but he doesnt feel _.A alone B lonely C lone D himself26. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me .A sad B pleased C angry D sorry27. _ are taken me good care of in this hospital .A The sick B The sicks C The ill men D The ills28. - What do you think of his composition?- very long , but _ .A not well B not badly C not bad D no bad29. We all find it _ to learn English well.A. hard B. hardly C. easily D. easier30. The little girl has _ hair.A. curly long blond B. long curly blondC. long blond curly D. blond long curly31. His _ son often go to see him on Sunday.A. eldest B. older C. the eldest D. the older31. He is two years _ than I. A. elder B. smaller C. younger D. less32. China has a large population than _ in the world.A. all the countries B. every countryC. any country D. any other country33. Now air in our town is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to it.A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse34. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second_ island in China.A.large B. larger C. largest D. most large35. Which is _ season in Beijing? I think its spring.A.good B.well C. best D.the best36. The old man was too tired to walk any _.A. far B. fartherC. the farthest D. farer37. I dont feel very _ today.A. nice B. goodC. better D. well38. She is very thin, but her sister is even _.A. very thin B. thinnerC. much thin D. the thinnest39. This pencil is _ that one.A. so long as B. as longer asC. longer than D. not as longer as40. I think the watch is _ of all.A. nice B. the much nicerC. very nicest D. the nicest二、用适当形式填空：1. Bob is _ ( young ) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred. 2. Yingtian is not as _ (tall) as Yongxian. 3. Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) thanbefore the holidays4. Which is _ (heavy),a hen or a chicken? 5. -How _(tall) is Sally? - Shes 1.55 metres _ (tall). What aboutXiaoling? -Shes only 1.40 metres _ (tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _(expensive)than a story-book.10. An orange ia a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _ (long)river in China.12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.13. My room is not as _ (big) as my brother s.14. -How difficult is physics?-I m not sure.- Is it _ (difficult) than maths?- I don t think so.15. - Annie plays the piano very _ (well).- Sue plays it _ (well) than AnnieAnd Sally plays it the _ (well).16. Saturday is my _ (busy) day in a week.17. Her mother is getting _(fat) and _ (fat).18. I think it s too expensive. I d like a _ (cheap) one.19. He comes to school much _ (early) than I. 20. This book is not as _(interesting)as that one.21. Africa is the second _ continent. (large)22. Practise as _ (much) as you can. 23.The_(much),the _(good). 24. Nowadays English is_( important ) than any o