21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册课文翻译及课后答案

一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 21 世纪 大学英语读写教程第二册课文翻译及课后答案 第一单元 UNIT1 翻译 TEXT A 温斯顿丘吉尔他的另一种生活 玛 丽索姆斯 我的父亲温斯顿丘吉尔是在 40 几岁开始迷恋上 绘画的当时他正身处逆境。1915 年作为海军大臣他深深地 卷入了达达尼尔海峡的一场战役。原本那次战役是能够缩 短一场血腥的世界大战的但它却失败了人员伤亡惨重为此 丘吉尔作为公务员和个人都付出了代价他被免去了海军部 的职务失去了显赫的政治地位。 “我本以为他会因忧伤而 死的。”他的妻子克莱门泰因说。被这一不幸压垮的他同 家人一起退隐到萨里郡的一个乡间居处-耘锄农场。在那 儿正如丘吉尔日后所回忆的“绘画女神拯救了我” 一天他 正在花园里漫步正巧碰上他的弟妹在用水彩画素描。他观 看了她几分钟然后借过她的画笔试了一下身手-于是缪 斯女神施展了她的魔法。自那天以后温斯顿便爱上了绘画。 任何能让沉浸在忧思中的温斯顿分心的事情都让克莱门泰 因高兴。于是她赶紧去买来她所能找到的各种颜料和画具。 水彩颜料、油画颜料、纸张、帆布画布-很快耘锄农场里 便堆满了一个绘画者可能想要或需要的各样东西。 画油画 最终成了温斯顿的一大爱好-但是最初几步却出奇地艰难。 他凝视着他的第一块空白画布异乎寻常地紧张。他日后回 忆道“我迟疑不决地选了一管蓝色颜料然后小心翼翼地在 雪白的底子上的画上蚕豆般大小的一笔。就在这时我听到 车道上传来一辆汽车的声音于是一份耕耘一份收获 答案只 是参考请大家努力自学 惊恐地丢下我的画笔。当我看清是 谁从汽车里走出来时更是惊慌失措。来者正是住在附近的 著名画家约翰莱佛利爵士的妻子。 “在画画呢她大声 说道。多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢 把画笔给我-大 的那支。她猛地用笔蘸起颜料还没等我缓过神来她已经 挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道蓝色。谁 都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那支最大的 画笔迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自那以后我 再也不曾害怕过画布。” 后来教丘吉尔画画的莱佛利曾经 说起过他这位不同寻常的学生的艺术才能“如果他当初选 择的是绘画而不是政治他定会成为一位驾驭画笔的大师。 ” 在绘画中丘吉尔发现了一个将陪他走过大半人生的伴侣。 1921 年他的母亲去世两个月后他又失去了他和克莱门泰因 的 3 岁爱女玛丽戈尔德。那时绘画是他的慰藉。悲痛欲绝 的温斯顿住到了苏格兰朋友们的家中-并在他的绘画中寻 得安慰。他写信给克莱门泰因“我外出画了一条在午后阳 光下的美丽的河流背景是红色和金黄色的山峦。爱怜的思 绪油然而生6767 啊我一直感受到失去玛丽戈尔德 的痛楚。” 生命、爱和希望慢慢地复苏了。1922 年 9 月克 莱门泰因和温斯顿的另一个孩子出生了那就是我。同年温 斯顿买下了查特威尔这是他将在以后 40 年里画出其所有不 同风貌的他所钟爱的家。 20 世纪 20 年代中期我父亲在伦 敦举行的一次享有盛名的业余画展中赢得了一等奖当时他 一定颇为得意。参赛作品不署名所以一些评委坚持认为温 斯顿的画-有关查特威尔的第一批画作中的一幅-是一 位专业画家而不是一位业余画家的作品所以应该取消其参 赛资格。但最后他们同意信赖那位艺术家的诚实而在得知 那幅画为丘吉尔所作时他们都很高兴。 史学家们一直把 1929 年温斯顿再次被免职后的 10 年称为他无所作为的十年。 也许政治上那些年他的确毫无作为因为他一个人大声一份 耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 疾呼想要唤 醒英国人认识到来自希特勒的威胁然而响应者寥寥无几。 但在艺术上那些年却硕果累累现存的 500 多幅丘吉尔的油 画中约有一半作于 1930 年至 1939 年之间。 绘画始终是丘 吉尔的一种乐趣直到他生命的结束。“画家是幸福的”他 在他的作为一种消遣的绘画一书中写道“因为他们不 会孤独。光线与色彩宁静与希望将终日伴随着他们。” 对 我的父亲来说也是这样。 Text Comprehension II 1. It was a military campaign in which many soldiers died. The effects on Churchill were he lost his political position and he was overwhelmed with grief. 2. He felt so inspired to paint that he was distracted from his personal problems. 3. His sister-in- law68s painting inspired him to try his hand at it his wife rushed out to buy all the materials he would need and the wife of Sir John Lavery helped him overcome his fear of the blank canvas. 4. The blank whiteness of the canvas made him feel he didn68t know where to begin. This nervousness was not typical of Churchill who was known publicly as a brave and strong-willed person. 5. Churchill was comparing the canvas to an opponent in a fight and he could now see that he need not fear his “adversary”. 6. He meant that Churchill would have been a great painter just as he was a great politician. 7. It was his great comfort when the death of his mother was followed quickly by the death of his daughter. 8. Because the judges suspected that it was not painted by an amateur they were later surprised and delighted because Churchill was not just a famous political figure but also a talented untrained artist. 9. No she considers that decade an artistically fruitful one. 10. He meant that painting was like a friend who never betrayed or abandoned him. This seems to suggest that he often felt lonely misunderstood and/or 一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 disappointed in his relationship with other people. Vocabulary III. 1.artistic 2.overcome 3.infinite 4.plunged 5.mission 6.camgpain 7.revived 8.distract 9.accustomed 10.retreat 11.precaution 12. disastrous IV. 1. delighted with 2. bore fruit 3. kept Clementine company 4. rely on 5. take refuge 6. awaken people to 7. pay the price 8. chanced upon dated from 9. tried his hand at 10. fell upon came to her rescue Word Building V. 1. broadens the mind 2. weakened 3. sweeten Diet Coke 4.hardens 5. strengthen 6. deepen your understanding of the course materiall 7. sharpen the kitchen knives 8. reddened 9. brighten quickens 10. lightened VI. 1. lucky 2. wealthy 3. tasty 4. icy 5. wavy 6. smelly 7. sleepy 8. noisy smelly is also plausible 9. healthy 10. sunny Structure VII. 1. Amazed at the great changes that are taking place in shanghai many foreign visitors leave China with a completely new view of our country. 2. Unpleasantly startled by the appearance of a mouse we promptly decided to clean our apartment. 3. Tired of their own cooking they68ve decided to go to a restaurant for a change. 4. Frightened by the horror film the little girl was alert to every sound in the house that night. 5. Deeply disappointed with the actress68s performance tom soon switched to another channel. 6. Embarrassed about still being in bed at 10 a.m. when my friends came I pretended to be sick with a terrible headache. 一份耕耘一份收 获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 VIII. 1. So I did 2. So did my brother 3. So she was 4. So they do so do his classmates 5. So am I Cloze IX lonely overcame refuge finally however where delighted contemplated entry campaign distract plunged into Within a month rescue when overwhelming Translation X. “在画画 呢她大声说道。多么有趣。可你还在等什么呢 把画笔 给我-大的那支。她猛地用笔蘸起颜料还没等我缓过神 来她已经挥笔泼墨在惊恐不已的画布上画下了有力的几道 蓝色。谁都看得出画布无法回击。我不再迟疑。我抓起那 支最大的画笔迅猛异常地向我可怜的牺牲品扑了过去。自 那以后我再也不曾害怕过画布。” XI 1. When his wife died of a stroke in her sixties the 72-year-old retired professor was overwhelmed by grief. Life would be too difficult for him without anybody to rely on. 2. Last month two amateur painters held an exhibition of their pictures in London. Many people went to see it including a few celebrated professors. 3. When seven astronauts died in the Challenger disaster in the mid-1980s it plunged the whole world into shock and grief. 4. After completing her second prime ministry she remained actively involved in political affairs. She came to the rescue several times when the government was in difficulty. 5. After his failure in the election campaign Dr. Smith retired to a small village where he tried his hand at farming. 6. As long as you keep working hard all your life you will recall your past with a glow of satisfaction. 7. We must awaken people to the importance of environmental protection now or it will soon be too late. 8. That official was removed from office for being involved in a political 一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家 努力自学 scandal. Had he known this would happen he might have acted differently. Reading Analysis XII. Major Event: Life and love and hope slowly revived. How did the change happen 1Churchill bought a new house. 2 Another child was born to Churchill. Structured Writing XIII. One example for reference My sister Stephanie began her love affair with television in the second grade amid highly emotional circumstances. She had had a quarrel with her best friend and found herself alone and lonely every day after school with nothing to do. That68s when the miracle of television came toText 第二单元 翻译 UNIT2 TEXT A 他们为何出类拔萃 富克斯巴特菲尔德 当郑金枝的父亲用积蓄的钱为她买了一 张票让她乘上一条将带她离开越南的渔船时她才 9 岁。对 这个家庭来说将金枝送上小船置身于陌生人中间是一种令 人心碎、代价昂贵的牺牲。他们只愿她最终能到达美国在 那儿受到良好的教育享受更美好的生活。 对小女孩来说这 是一次充满危险的艰苦旅程。 在小船到达安全之地以前很 久食物和水的贮备已经用完。当金枝最终到达美国后她又 不得不同一连 3 个收养家庭相处。但是当她 1998 年从圣地 亚哥的帕特里克亨利中学毕业时她取得了全优的成绩以及 这个国家最享盛名的几所大学提供的奖学金。 一份耕耘一 份收获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 “我必须取得好成 绩”这个现为康奈尔大学二年级学生的 19 岁姑娘说“这样 我才对得起在越南的父母。” 金枝是一群聪明伶俐、积极 进取的美籍亚裔中的一员他们正突然潮水般地涌入我们最 好的大学。虽然美籍亚裔只占全国人口的 2.4 但他们在哈 佛的本科生中却占了 17.1 在麻省理工学院占了 18 在加州 大学伯克利分校占了 27.3。 为什么美籍亚裔的成绩这样优 秀呢 他们是否像一些陈旧的看法所暗示的那样是些埋头用 功的学生 他们是否有更高的智商 或者在我们一向珍视但 也许已经丢失的价值观-如敬业、家庭和教育等方面我 们是否可以向他们学到一些有用的东西呢 并非所有的亚裔 人都学得一样好比如没受过什么教育的柬埔寨难民的孩子 就常常需要特殊的帮助。许多美籍亚裔人不喜欢被称为 “模范的少数民族”他们感到这是美国白人的逆向歧视- -虽与 1965 年以前排斥大多数亚洲移民进入美国的法律截 然不同但仍是一种偏见。 亚裔年轻人的成绩已经引发了一 系列引人注目的研究。也许最令人不安的结果来自于密歇 根大学心理学家哈罗德 W 斯蒂文森进行的研究。他将芝加 哥和明尼阿波利斯 7000 多名幼儿园、一年级、三年级和五 年级的学生同他们在北京、台北和仙台的同级伙伴作了比 较。在一组数学测试中美国学生在所有的年级层次上都考 得最差。 斯蒂文森没有发现智商上的差别。 但是如果成 绩上的差异在幼儿园就开始显现那就表明事情出在家庭中 甚至是在孩子们上学之前。 正是在这一点上各研究者的不 同研究趋于了一致亚洲的父母在激发孩子的学习动力方面 做得更好。“决定的因素是亚洲孩子学习努力。”斯蒂文 森说。 接下来真正要弄清的问题是亚洲父母是如何将这种 学习动力灌输给他们的后代的。 斯蒂文森的研究提出了一 个重要的答案。当被问及一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考 请大家努力自学 他们认为他们的孩子为什么学得好时大多 数亚洲父母说是“用功”。而美国父母则说是“天赋”。 “依我看”斯蒂文森说“对于我们都能通过艰苦努力在生 活中取得成功的观念我们已经不再相信。相反美国人现在 认为有的孩子具备成功所必需的素质而有的孩子则不具备。 于是我们开始把班级分为快班和慢班而中国人和 日本人则认为所有的孩子都能在同一课程中成功。” 这种 对于勤奋的信念是促成亚洲学生成绩突出的三大要素中的 第一个。它来源于亚洲人共同的儒教传统即公元前 5 世纪 那位中国圣人的哲学思想他的教义对中国社会产生了深远 的影响。孔夫子的主要教义之一是人们通过努力能够完善 自我。 儒教也为亚洲人的成功提供了另一个要素。在孔夫 子的哲学中家庭起着最重要的作用-这种定向引导人们 为家庭的荣誉而学习工作而不仅仅是为了他们自己。一个 人永远无法报答他的父母而且在亚洲人中间还有一种责任 感、乃至负罪感这是一种如同新教哲学在西方一样的强大 力量。 还有另外一个重要因素存在于亚洲父母及其子女的 这种关系中。 在我住在中国、日本和越南的 15 年间我注 意到同大多数美国父母相比亚洲父母同他们的婴儿建立了 一种更为亲密的身体联系。比如当我让幼小的女儿在地板 上爬时我的中国朋友们会大惊失色冲过去把她抱起来。我 们认为这种无时不在的关心已经过时、甚至是不健康的但 是对于亚洲人来说它却十分有效。 我们能从亚洲人那儿学 到点什么吗“我还没有天真到认为亚洲的每样东西都能被 移植过来。”斯蒂文森说。但是他却提出了 3 条建议。 “首先”他说“我们需要为我们的孩子们确立更高的目标。 我们不会指望他们不经过刻苦训练就能成为职业运动员。 ” 一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家努力自学 第二 他宣称美国父母需要更加关心子女的教育。“在孩子表现 不好时表示理解是不够的。” 斯蒂文森发现亚洲父母比美 国父母花费更多的时间帮助孩子做作业或者写信给孩子的 老师。 第三我们的学校可以用简单而有效的方式加以重组 斯蒂文森说。近 90 的中国年轻人说他们确实喜欢学校 60 的年轻人迫不及待地盼着学校假期结束。同美国年轻人所 表示的态度相比这种态度要积极得多。原因之一也许是中 国和日本的学生一般在每节课后都有一段休息时间 这有助 于他们放松并增加注意力集中的持续时间。 “我并不认为 亚洲人更聪明。”伯克利的一位美籍亚裔学生李唐说“在 我的化学班里有一些很聪明的美国人。但是亚洲学生更刻 苦。我在美国人身上看到很多被浪费的潜能。” Comprehension II a 1F 2T 3F 4F 5T 6 F 7T b. 1I 2I 3 I 4N 5I 6N 7I 8N Vocabulary III. 1.label 2.converged 3.sacrifices 4.motivate 5.transplanted 6.horrified 7.bond 8.constitute 9.surged 10.prejudice 11.resents 12. recommendations IV. NB. these are not the only possible synoms/definitions/translations. 1. carried out conducted performed 2. led to resulted in caused 3. springs from arises from comes from 4. get ahead make progress in life achieve more etc. 5. showed up appeared arrived 6. make up constitute comprise 7. owes it to 归功于 8. cope with find a way of dealing with manage 9. divided the cake into 把蛋糕 分成6767 一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大 家努力自学 10. excluded from 被剥夺了 11. committed to devoted to dedicated to 12. make it to arrive at or on after much effort V. 1. sense of guilt 2. finally 3. imbued her with 4.offspring 5. horrified motivated me 6. recommendations To start with 7. naive 8. by contrast Word Building VI. 1. misplaced 2. mismatched 3. misusing 4. mislead 5. misprinted 6. misinformed 7. misspelled 8. misunderstood Structure VII. 1. After the earthquake the government spent millions of dollars to help the victims rebuild their houses. 2. ill you reconsider your decision No one wants you to leave. 3. Some of Lu Xun68s writings were lost for decades but they were rediscovered in the mid-80s. 4. I see no need to restate the policy on late homework. 5. The library68s been rearranged and I can68t find any of the books I need. 6. I hope this dictionary will be reprinted soonI68d like to buy one. 7. Stevie Wonder68s earliest albums have been unavailable for several years but they68re being re-released next month. 8. I didn68t care much for the book the first time but I enjoyed it when I reread it. 9. John Harding is best known for reinterpreting Shakespeare68s plays. 10. You68ve misunderstood melet me rephrase what I said. VIII. A. gardener calculator receiver container commander remainder hike inspector steamer processor supervise builder contributor consumer paint teenager B. 1.superviser 2. inspector 3. remainder 4. processor 5. gardener 6. calculator 7. commander 8. container 9. hiking 10. teenagers 一份耕耘一份收获 答案只是参考请大家努