2013高中英语阅读之猜词技巧.ppt

英语高考阅读理解解题策略之英语高考阅读理解解题策略之 要求考生读懂书、报、杂志、网络中关于一般 性话题的短文以及公告、说明、广告等，并能 从中获取相关信息。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义； 、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义；、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 、作出判断和推理； 、理解文章的基本结构； 、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 2013年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 The word “address” in the second line probably The word “address” in the second line probably means “_”. (2011 means “_”. (2011 辽宁）辽宁） The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “_”. (2011refers to “_”. (2011福建）福建） By “we were all beside ourselves”, the writer means By “we were all beside ourselves”, the writer means that they all_. (2011that they all_. (2011浙江）浙江） The underlined word “spin-off” in Paragraph 4 The underlined word “spin-off” in Paragraph 4 probably refers to _. (2011probably refers to _. (2011江西）江西） 对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测 对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 对句义的猜测对句义的猜测 对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测 常常见见的猜的猜测词义题设问测词义题设问方式方式 1. The underlined word is closest in meaning to 1. The underlined word is closest in meaning to the word? (2011the word? (2011广东等广东等) ) 2. We can learn from the underlined part 2. We can learn from the underlined part that (06that (06辽宁辽宁) ) 3. The underlined word ”it” in paragraph 3. The underlined word ”it” in paragraph refers to (2011 refers to (2011 湖南、福建等）湖南、福建等） 4.4. By saying, the author means to say that By saying, the author means to say that ( 2011 ( 2011 浙江浙江) ) 5. The underlined sentence in paragraph 5. The underlined sentence in paragraph implies/ refers to/ means (2011implies/ refers to/ means (2011江西、天津等江西、天津等 ） Useful strategies Useful strategies 猜词技巧猜词技巧 Strategy I: Strategy I: Common sense Common sense 常识常识 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their 1. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with theirfoods, and then eat them with their beaksbeaks and they and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. holding objects. 2. Most of the roses are beginning to 2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither wither because of the cold.because of the cold. “beak”“beak” here means _. here means _. “wither”“wither” refers to _.refers to _. a birds moutha birds mouth dry up and diedry up and die 真题演练： （福建卷） Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 2 from the from the atmosphere and helping to slow global atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.warming. The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_.means_. A. cleaning up B. taking in A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving outC. wiping out D. giving out 真题演练： “The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true.” said Bill Christison. (2011陕西） What does the underlined word “boost” probably mean? A. control B. evaluate C. obtain D. increase Strategy II:Strategy II: Language contextLanguage context 有时用破折号括号冒 号引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来; 有时还用that is, or, that is to say, in other words等词语引出 1.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. 2. The herdsmanherdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 3. On the farm they mainly raise poultrypoultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. 小试身手 ： 考古学 牧羊人 家禽 Mary didnt notice me when I came into the Mary didnt notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely classroom, because she was completely engrossedengrossed in his reading. in his reading. Tom is considered an Tom is considered an autocraticautocratic administrator because he makes decisions administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. without seeking the opinions of others. 二二. Logical Connection . Logical Connection 根据逻辑关系进行判断根据逻辑关系进行判断 常见的表示常见的表示因果关系因果关系的信号词有的信号词有: :since, since, because, for, so, thus, consequently, because, for, so, thus, consequently, therefore, due to, result in, as a result, for this therefore, due to, result in, as a result, for this reason, accordinglyreason, accordingly 全神贯注 独断专行的 Andrew is one of the most Andrew is one of the most supercilioussupercilious men I know. His men I know. His brotherbrother，howeverhowever，is quite humble and modest. is quite humble and modest. A good boss can recognize instantly the A good boss can recognize instantly the adeptadept workers workers from the unskilled ones.from the unskilled ones. Mrs. Smith is Mrs. Smith is loquaciousloquacious while her husband is the silent while her husband is the silent type. type. A. A. 活泼的活泼的 B. B. 好动的好动的 C. C. 多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 D. D. 可爱的可爱的 常见表示常见表示转折，对比关系转折，对比关系的信号词：的信号词：but, yet, however, while, whereas(但是, 而), otherwise, in spite of, despite, even though, although, though, unlike, instead (of), rather than, on the other hand, still, by/in contrast, on the contrary, 目空一切 的，傲慢的 熟练的 The homeless people may have become The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have rent and so no longer have a roof over their a roof over their heads. heads. ( (陕西卷陕西卷) ) In paragraph 2, “ a roof over their heads” In paragraph 2, “ a roof over their heads” most probably means _.most probably means _. A. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a coveringA. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering 真题演练 ： （根据因果关系）（根据因果关系） “ “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully carefully cultivatedcultivated.” ( .” ( 广东卷广东卷) ) The underlined word roughly means _.The underlined word roughly means _. A. encouraged B. comparedA. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developedC. examined D. developed 真题演练 ： （根据转折对比关系）（根据转折对比关系） Strategy IIIStrategy III： 1. 1. (05(05重庆卷重庆卷) ) Its true that lighthouse were built Its true that lighthouse were built in in out-of-the-wayout-of-the-way place. place. 2. When men and women lived by hunting 2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to to picturepicture modern life? modern life? 3. When he reached the place with his army, 3. When he reached the place with his army, he found an he found an impassableimpassable river in front of him. river in front of him. Word-formationWord-formation 偏僻的（合成形容词偏僻的（合成形容词 ） 描绘，想象（词性变化描绘，想象（词性变化 ） 无法通过的（词的派生）无法通过的（词的派生） super-super- inter- inter- mini- mini- micro- micro- -some -some anti- anti- co- co- post- post- pre- pre- -ship -ship 在在之间之间 超超 易于易于的的 极小的极小的 反对反对 后后 身份，资格身份，资格 微小微小 一同，一起一同，一起 之前之前 superstar international miniskirt micro-blog troublesome anti-Japanese war cooperation postwar leadership preview 仿真训练 He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者 In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 Those new comers were not used to the life in Those new comers were not used to the life in the the suburbsuburbs s which was so different from that which was so different from that inside the city. inside the city. A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house A. town B. capital C. countryside D. house Children are always Children are always boastingboasting. They say things like . They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. The word “boasting” means _. A. A. 骄傲骄傲 B. B. 吹牛吹牛 C. C. 顽皮顽皮 D. D. 幼稚幼稚 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” means _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “The word “jeopardizejeopardize” means _ in this text.” means _ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stopA. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop ( (北京卷北京卷) It now takes years for scientists to ) It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describe collect all the data they need to describe and analyze species. The creators of the and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up will speed up that processthat process. . In the last paragraph, “that process” In the last paragraph, “that process” means_.means_. A. analyzing species B. creating a new toolA. analyzing species B. creating a new tool C. collecting data D. describing speciesC. collecting data D. describing species Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学 Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just three months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级 The football game was getting more and more exciting, however, the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的 All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C. 有效的 D. 匆促的 Remember that people on line may not be who they seem. Because you cant see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/ herself. Thus someone who says that “she is a 12-year-old girl.“ could really be an old man. A. making a wrong judgement about B. understanding somebody wrongly C. giving a wrong description of D. forming a wrong opinion about 11 The house looked quite normal outside， but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display（ 2006 江西 B） Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic“ in