2016年电大开放教育C语言程序设计课程期末复习考试题库小抄.doc

最新电大c语言程序设计课程期末复习考试题库小抄 一、单选题 1在每个c语言程序中都必须包含有这样一个函数，该函数的函数名为( )。 a. main b. main c. name d. function 2每个c语言程序文件的编译错误分为（ ）类。 a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 3. 字符串a+b=12n的长度为（ ）。 a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9 4. 在switch语句的每个case块中，假定都是以break语句结束的，则此switch语句容易被改写为（ ）语句。 a. for b. if c. do d. while 5. 在下面的do-while循环语句中，其循环体语句被执行的次数为（ ）。 int i=0; do i+; while(i10); a. 4 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10 6. 将两个字符串连接起来组成一个字符串时，选用的函数为（ ）。 a. strlen() b. strcap() c. strcat() d. strcmp() 7. 若用数组名作为函数调用的实参，传递给形参的是（ ）。 a. 数组的首地址 b. 数组中第一个元素的值 c. 数组中全部元素的值 d. 数组元素的个数 8. 假定a为一个整数类型的数组名，整数类型的长度为4，则元素a4的地址比a数组的首地址大( )个字节。 a. 4 b. 8 c. 16 d. 32 9. 假定s被定义为指针类型char *的变量，初始指向的字符串为hello world!，若要使变量p指向s所指向的字符串，则p应定义为（ ）。 a. char *p=s; b. char *p=&s; c. char *p;p=*s; d. char *p; p=&s; 10. 从一个数据文件中读入以换行符结束的一行字符串的函数为（ ）。 a. gets() b. fgets() c. getc() d. fgetc() 11. 由c语言目标文件连接而成的可执行文件的缺省扩展名为( )。 a. cpp b. exe c. obj d. c 12. 设有两条语句为“int a=12; a+=a*a;”，则执行结束后，a的值为( )。 a. 12 b. 144 c. 156 d. 288 13. 带有随机函数调用的表达式rand()%20的值在( )区间内。 a. 119 b. 120 c. 019 d. 020 14. for循环语句“for(i=0; i0 & x=10)的相反表达式为（ ）。a. x10 b. x10c. x=0 | x0 & x10 23. 当处理特定问题时的循环次数已知时，通常采用（ ）循环来解决。 a. for b. while c. do-while d. switch 24. 假定i的初值为0，则在循环语句“while(ib | b=5的相反表达式为a5)的相反表达式为_(x！=0 | y=5) 或：(x | y5的相反表达式为_ x+yname等价的访问表达式为_(*p).name _。参考解答：1. ;（或分号） 2. # 3. void 4. 0x195. a=b & b!=5 6. datatype 7. 32 8. 0n-19. 1 10. 拷贝（复制） 11. 程序文件 12. *(a+i)13. *p 14. c 15. 2 16. float17. 33 18. (x！=0 | y=5) 或：(x | y=5) 19. 1 20. 60 21. bb 22. 1123. 46 24. int* 25. 12 26. x.a27. printf 28. error 29. 70 30. 1431. x+y=5 32. 10 33. 4*m 34. 235. 长度 360. 函数体 37. 46 38. &p39. (*p).name五、按题目要求编写程序或函数 1. 编写一个程序，输出50以内（含50）的、能够被3或者5整除的所有整数。#include void main() int i; for(i=3; i=50; i+) if(i%3=0 | i%5=0) printf(%d ,i); printf(n); 2. 编写一个递归函数“int ff(int a, int n)”，求出数组a中所有n个元素之积并返回。int ff(int a, int n) if(n=0) printf(n值非法n),exit(1); if(n=1) return an-1; else return an-1*ff(a,n-1); 3. 编写一个程序，利用while循环，计算并打印输出的值，其中正整数n值由键盘输入。假定求和变量用sum表示，计数变量用i表示，sum、i和n均定义为全局变量，sum和i的初值分别被赋予0和1。#include int n,i=1; double sum=0; void main() scanf(%d,&n); while(i=n) sum+=(double)1/i+; printf(sum=%lfn,sum); 4. 根据函数原型“void dd(int a, int n, int mm)”编写函数定义，利用双重循环查找并打印输出数组an中任何两个元素的值等于mm值的元素值。假定ai+aj等于mm，则输出格式为：(ai,aj)。void dd(int a, int n, int mm) int i,j; for(i=0; in; i+) for(j=i+1; jn; j+) if(ai+aj=mm) printf(%d, %dn, ai,aj); 5. 编写一个程序，计算1+3+32+.+310的值并输出，假定分别用i,p,s作为循环变量、累乘变量和累加变量的标识符。#include void main() int i; int p=1; int s=1; for(i=1;i=10;i+) p*=3; s+=p; printf(%dn,s); 6. 根据函数原型“int ff(int a, int n)”，编写函数定义，计算并返回数组an中所有元素之和。int ff(int a, int n) int i,sum=0; for(i=0; in; i+) sum+=ai; return sum; 7. 根据函数原型“double mean(double amn,int m,int n)”，编写函数定义，要求返回二维数组amn中所有元素的平均值。假定在计算过程中采用变量v存放累加值和最后的平均值。double mean(double amn,int m,int n) int i,j; double v=0.0; for(i=0; im; i+) for(j=0; jn; j+) v+=aij; v/=m*n; return v; 注：函数体的最后两行可以合并为一条返回语句：return v/=m*n 8. 根据函数原型“int mm(int a,int m)”，编写函数定义，计算并返回数组am中元素最大值和最小值之差。int mm(int a,int m) int i,x1,x2; x1=x2=a0; for(i=1; ix1) x1=ai; if(aix2) x2=ai; return x1-x2; 请您删除一下内容，o(_)o谢谢！2016年中央电大期末复习考试小抄大全，电大期末考试必备小抄，电大考试必过小抄acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the peripheral and the central nervous systems. it is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. the enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its end, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. when a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is released into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the effector cell which the nerve activates. this may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cells and non-nerve cells. this process is termed chemical neurotransmission and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the german pharmacologist loewi in 1921. chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as cholinergic. acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerves and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. at this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. on release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical events (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. this is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. the action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. the choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. these same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. in the autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. to understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in different cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. in post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. these are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholine in a reversible fashion. it is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. the type in skeletal muscle is known as nicotinic; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are muscarinic; and there are some of each type in the brain. these terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. in the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. in the central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme a through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. after the arrival of a nerve signal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. for the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. there are two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, directly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. for a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the receptor to which it has bound. this will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. this enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine into acetic acid and choline. if acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. if this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsions, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with alzheimers disease. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in new york city during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in american art in the following decade; also called action painting and the new york school. it was the first important school in american painting to declare its independence from european styles and to influence the development of art abroad. arshile gorky first gave impetus to the movement. his paintings, derived at first from the art of picasso, mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. jackson pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract paintings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. willem de koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. his intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. painters such as philip guston and franz kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original stylesthe former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. other important artists involved with the movement included hans hofmann, robert motherwell, and mark rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as clyfford still, theodoros stamos, adolph gottlieb, helen frankenthaler, lee krasner, and esteban vicente. abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. for example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de kooning or pollock marked the opposite end of the pole from the simple, quiescent images of mark rothko. basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an equally vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. the movement had an inestimable influence on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the american art scene. science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and the planets to studying molecules and viruses. beginning with the greeks and hipparchus, continuing through ptolemy, copernicus and galileo, and today with our work on the international space station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. from here, we look inward to biochemistry and biology. to truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen bystudying the chemistry of biological processes. this science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit.analytic geometry, branch ofgeometryin which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such ascartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. its most common application is i