2016职称英语卫生A终极押题及小抄 直接打印版.doc

microscopicmess34539. sauna1. ceremonial bathing _.2. what is understood by some people to be the true sauna experience?3. according to the third paragraph, saunas can do all of the following except_ .4. according to the fourth paragraph, sauna gives the skin a healthy glow because_.5. who are advised not to take a sauna? 1) has various forms2) saunas with smoke.3) curing asthma4) pores are cleaned by sweat5) all of the above.pop music in africa 34. who wants to live forever? 1) which of the following is not mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?2) which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?3) all of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life except4) an important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that5) which of the following best describes callahans attitude to anti-ageing technology? 1) having more education.2) marriages in the us today are quite unstable.3) more money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.4) it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new5) reserved.35. single-parent kids do best1) with which of the following statements would the author probably agree?2) according to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring?3) what is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?4) according to hartley, which of the following is not influenced by sexual conflict?5) according to the passage, people believe that a females reproductive strategy is influenced by1)two-parent families produce less attractive children.2)the young males get less care.3)experiment and result.4)the offsprings body size.5)ecological factors.36. dangerous sunshine to children1）why does the risk of developing skin cancers in children become greater and greater?2）how many people die from skin cancers including melanoma all over the world every year?3）what people are more likely to develop eye cataracts?4）all of the following articles may use some chemicals unfavorable for the preservation of the ozone layer except5）the phrase for good in the last paragraph can be best replaced by 1) because the earths protective ozone layer declines year after year.2) an average of 66,000,3) people living near the equator. 4) medicines5) permanently 37.hypertension drugs found to cut risk of stroke1) how many people surviving the first stroke may suffer another attack during the following five years?2) taking two blood pressure-lowering drugs may produce _less risk of secondary strokes than taking only one such drug.3) which of the following is not a symptom left by strokes?4) how many strokes may be reduced in a year if most of stroke patients can be treated in the way as the article recommends?5) what patients among those who have had a stroke will benefit greatly from taking blood pressure-lowering drugs? 1）20% of them. 2）about one fourteenth3）habitual sleeplessness.4）500,0005）all of the above.38.pregnancy anomalies may lower breast cancer risk1）which of the following may have nothing to do with a decline in breast cancer incidence?2）according to the study, what on earth may play an important role in lowering breast cancer risk?3）from the fifth paragraph we may infer that pregnant women whose blood pressure _ may have the least risk of breast cancer.4）which of the following is not a function of the placenta?5）it seems that cohn is _ of finding out the exact mechanisms at work. 1）experiencing serious morning sickness during the early period of pregnancy.2）the changes in the levels of hormones and other substances in the mothers body.3）increases the most 4）protecting the mother against breast cancer.5）confident 40. some people do not taste salt like others1） in paragraph 2, john hayes points out that2） the fourth paragraph describes briefly3） the article argues that supertasters4）which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?5）what message do the last two paragraphs carry?1）many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly2） how to select subjects and what to do in the research.3）like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.4）they prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter.5）taste acuity is genetically determined.41kidney disease and heart disease spur each other1)how can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?2)how many americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?3)how many americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?4)what did the archives of internal medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?5)which of the following is not one of the three markers of kidney function? 1) by urine and blood tests.2) 19,000,000. 3) 100,000.4) to start rigorously checking out their patients kidneys5) levels of the white blood cells in the blood.42.more about alzheimer s disease1) the newly developed skin tests may be used in the future is to allow doctors to2) the passage indicates that alzheimers is a disease3) which of the following statements about the alzheimers disease is not true?4) which is（of the following about ）the relationship between alzheimers and dementia (is true)?5) the last paragraph implies that the diagnostic test 1) predict who might get alzheimers disease.2) not easy to be diagnosed.3) there are many ways to deal with and cure the disease now.4) dementia is one of the signs of alzheimers5) may not be proven valid smoothly.43.education of students with vision impairments1) various adaptive aids are used to2) large-print books are those books which3) many blind students prefer(like to) listen to books because4) “orientation and mobility training” is meant to teach blind and partially sighted children5) it may be good for children with vision impairments to live in special schools because these schools 1）help children see more clearly and read books and so on.2）have large words in them.3）this can save time.4）how to move around without other peoples help.5）can save them the trouble of coming from and going back homes.44.water pollution1) according to this passage, which of the following statements is true of yearly water consumption?2) paragraph 2 suggests all of the following except that3) water runoff causes fish to die partly because4) an important idea of paragraph 4 is that5) the main subject of the last paragraph is 1) most water is used for farming.2) epa is responsible for causing serious water pollution in america.3) the fast-growing algae have used up the oxygen in the water where they live.4) cutting down too many trees may also cause water pollution.5) oil spills and pollution of the sea.45.dna fingerprinting1) according to the essay, we can find chromosomes) dna fingerprinting is more often used for3) when your brother looks exactly like you, your complete dna may be4) some people believe that using a dna fingerprint may not be so reliable because5) this essay talks about dna fingerprinting concerning the following aspects except 1）in a sheep. 2）providing evidence in court investigations.3）exactly like his. 4）mistakes are possible when researchers explain the results (what have come ）of their tests.5）possible danger in drawing a dna sample from the human body.46.malnutrition1）what is the cause of much of the sickness and death?2）what is the writers attitude toward the serious situation?3）how many countries have made plans of action for nutrition?4）which of the following is not the harm of lacking iron?5）which of the following is not mentioned as a remedy for iron deficiency? 1）malnutrition.2）we should act. 3）98. 4）traffic accidents. 5)drinking coffee soon after meals.47drug resistance fades quickly in key aids drug1）what effect does nevirapine have?2）why does hiv resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?3）when may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single does of nevirapine at delivery?4）we may learn from this passage that hiv resistance against nevirapine_.5）generally speaking, the authors attitude towards the use of nevirapine is _.1）it may prevent passing hiv infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.2）because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.3）she has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.4）lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.5）positive48.iq-gene1) in the beginning of paragraph one we are told that scientists can not agree2) what does “some “in the second sentence of paragraph one stands for?3) a gene for chopsticks flexibility is found to be4) plomins iq-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that5) what does feinberg mean by saying “i would take these findings with a whole box of salt”?1) how much of iq comes from genes.2) genes.3) unrelated to the ability to use chopsticks.4) there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligence.5) he doubts the findings very much.第十四篇 young adults who exercise get higher iq scoresyoung adults who are fit have a higher iq1 and are morelikelyto go on to university，reveals a major new study carried out at the sahlgrenska academy and sahlgrenska university hospital.the results were recently published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences (pnas).the study involved 1.2 million swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.the research group analysed theresultsof both physical and iq tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.the study shows a clear linkbetweengood physical fitness and better results for the iq test. the strongest links are forlogicalthinking and verbal comprehension. but it is only fitness that plays arolein the results for the iq test，and not strength.“being fit means that you also have good heart and lungcapacityand that your brain gets plenty ofoxygen，says michael nilsson，professor at the sahlgrenska academy and chief physician at the sahlgrenska university hospital.“this may be one of the reasonswhywe can see a clear link with fitness，but not with muscularstrength.we are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”by analysing data for twins，the researchers have beenableto determine that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and ahigheriq.“we have also shown that those youngsters whoimprovetheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance，”says mafia aberg，researcher at the sahlgrenska academy and physician at aby health centre.“this being the case，physical educationis a subject that has an important place in schools，and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.the researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsduringnational service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life. those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into highereducation，and many secured more qualified jobs.第十一篇11 migrant workersin the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. while some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. this is particularly the case in the middle east,1 where increased oil incomes have enabled many countries to call in outsiders to improve local facilities. thus the middle east has attracted oil-workers from the usa and europe. it has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including south korea and japan.in view of the difficult living and working conditions in the middle east, 2 it is not surprising that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the middle east as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction. an allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it. 3 this increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage. for example, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. in a similar way, many migrant workers can save large sums of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. the work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do routine work in their home country.one major problem which affects migrant workers in the middle east is that their jobs are temporary ones. they are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. this is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. in any case , migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of the considerable financial benefits which they receive.第十二篇 dreamseveryone can dreamindeed, everyone does dreamthose who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about iteven those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our senses , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and tasteone of the worlds oldest known written documents is the egyptian book of dreamsthis volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even thenmany ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken .from ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significancethere are many books available on the subject of dream interpretationalthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books第十三篇 scientists develop ways of detecting heart attackgerman researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection from sudden death from cardiac arrest.in germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the hearts rhythm. those most at risk are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosing life-threatening disruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. these devices take on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.heart specialists at freiburgs university clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator capable of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ecg) within the body. this integrated system allows early diagnosis of acute blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. it will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. meanwhile, researchers at the fraunhofer institute for applied mathematics in kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ecg data more precise.the overwhelming majority of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ecgs. “many of the current programs only get into account a linear correlation of the data. we are, however, making use in a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” hagen knaf says, “in this way changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” an old study of ecg data, based upon 600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show that the new software evaluates the data considerably better.第十五篇 life expectancy in the last hundred yearsa hundred years