机械工程专业英语课件--L.ppt

English for Mechanical Engineering 机械工程专业英语 常州工学院机电工程学院 徐红丽 车床的特点：工件随主轴旋转，而刀具进给 车床的类型：普通车床、转塔车床、仿形车床、单轴自动车床、 多轴自动车床 组成及原理： 主轴箱：电机-齿轮变速-主轴 尾座：锥孔+顶尖 导轨：平、燕尾 刀架：中拖板（流板箱）作横向进给，大拖板作纵向移动 丝杠：加工螺纹 光杠：切削外圆、端面 机械工程专业英语 预备知识 Lesson 24 Lathes 一、预备知识 engine lathe 普通车床 turrent lathe 转塔车床 tracing and duplicating lathe 仿形车床 single-spindle automatic lathe 单轴自动车床 multi-spindle automatic lathe 多轴自动车床 shape 牛头刨床 cylindrical grinder 外圆磨床 planer 龙门刨床 centreless grinder 无心磨床 surface grinder 平面磨床 boring machine 镗床 drilling machine 钻床 milling machine 铣床 broaching machine 拉床 sawing machine 锯床 gear -cutting machine 齿轮加工机床 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 词 汇 二、词汇 chip 切屑 collar 法兰盘 key 键 compound rest 小刀架，复合刀架 T-slot T形槽 three jaw selfcentering chuck 三爪自定心卡盘 chuck 卡盘 tailstock 尾座 reamer 铰刀 One pass 一次走刀 gearing 齿轮传动装置 feed box 进给箱 power feed 机动进给 carriage 大拖板 apron 溜板箱 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 词 汇 二、词汇 机械工程专业英语 A machine tool performs three major functions: (1) it rigidly supports the workpiece or its holder and the cutting tool; (2) it provides relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting tool; (3) it provides a range of feeds and speeds. Machines used to remove metal in the form of chips are classified in four general groups: those using single-point tools, those using multipoint tools, those using random-point tools (abrasive), and those that are considered special. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 A machine tool performs three major functions: 课文分析 (1) it rigidly supports the workpiece or its holder and the cutting tool; (2) it provides relative motion between the workpiece and the cutting tool; (3) it provides a range of feeds and speeds. 机床能实现三大主要功能： (1)刚性支承工件或者夹具和刀具；(2)在工件和 刀具之间提供相对运动；(3)提供一定的进给速度和 主轴转速范围 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 Machines used to remove metal in the form of chips are classified in four general groups: those using single-point tools, those using multipoint tools, those using random-point tools (abrasive), and those that are considered special. 课文分析 以去除切屑形式来进行加工的机床主要被分为 四大类：使用单刃刀具切削的机床；使用多刃 刀具切削的机床；使用随机刀具切削的机床(磨 削)和适用于特殊场合的机床。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 Machines using basically the single-point cutting tools include: (1) engine lathes (2) turret lathes, (3) tracing and duplicating lathes, (4) single-spindle automatic lathes, (5) multi-spindle automatic lathes, (6) shapers and planers, (7) boring machines. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 本质上，使用单刃刀具切削的机床包括： (1)普通车床；(2)转塔车床；(3)仿形车床 ；(4)单轴自动车床；(5)多轴自动车床； (6)牛头刨床和龙门刨床；(7)镗床。 转塔车床没有尾架和丝杠，而在尾架的位置上装有一 个装有一个能纵向移动多任务位主切削刀架（如：转 塔刀架、回轮刀架），另外还具有辅助刀架（如：前 、后刀架），能完成卧式车床上的各种加工工序。是 一种多刀、多任务位加工的高效机床，加工效率比卧 式车床高23倍。转塔车床的调整需花费较多时间，适 合于成批生产。 此外，转塔车床刀架的纵横向进给设有撞停定 程装置，可自动控制铬镍钢件尺寸，保证成批工件尺 寸的一致性，能自动实现机床的变速预选、进给量改 变等操作，或整机半自动化和自动化操作，为一人多 机看管和纳入自动线提供了条件。 机械工程专业英语 Machines using multipoint cutting tools include: (1) drilling machines, (2) milling machines, (3) broaching machines, (4) sawing machines, (5) gear- cutting machines. 课文分析 使用多刃切削刀具的机床包括；(1)钻 床；(2)铣床；(3)拉床；(4)锯床；(5) 齿轮加工机床。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 Machines using random-point cutting tools include: 1) cylindrical grinder, (2) centreless grinders, (3) surface grinders. Special metal removal methods include: (1) chemical milling, (2) electrical discharge machining, (3) ultrasonic machining. 课文分析 使用随机刃切削刀具的机床包括：(1)外圆 磨床；(2)无心磨床；(3)平面磨床。用特殊 的方法进行金属切削的机床包括：(1)化学 蚀刻；(2)电火花加工；(3)超声波加工。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The lathe removes material by rotating the workpiece against a cutter to produce external or internal cylindrical or conical surfaces. 课文分析 It is also commonly used for the production of flat surfaces by facing, in which the workpiece is rotated while the cutting tool is moved perpendicularly to the axis of rotation. 车床是通过工件相对刀具的转动来去除金属材料， 以加工出外圆柱面、内圆柱面或锥形表面的。 车床的端面切削也普遍用于平面加工。 在端面切削加工中，工件旋转，而刀具 作垂直于工件回转轴线方向的进给运动 。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The engine lathe is the basic turning machine from which other turning machines have been developed. The drive motor is located in the base and drives the spindle through a combination of belts and gears, which provides the spindle speeds from 25 to 1500 rpm. The spindle is a sturdy hollow shaft, mounted between heavy-duty bearings, with the forward end used for mounting a drive plate to impart positive motion to the workpiece. The drive plate may be fastened to the spindle by threads, by a cam lock mechanism, or by a threaded collar and key. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The engine lathe is the basic turning machine from which other turning machines have been developed. 课文分析 The drive motor is located in the base and drives the spindle through a combination of belts and gears, which provides the spindle speeds from 25 to 1500 rpm. 普通车床是车床的基本型，基于普通车床已经研制出 其它类型的车床。 驱动电机安装在地基上并通过皮带传动 和齿轮传动来驱动主轴，以达到每分钟 25到1500转的主轴转速。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The spindle is a sturdy hollow shaft, mounted between heavy-duty bearings, with the forward end used for mounting a drive plate to impart positive motion to the workpiece. 课文分析 The drive plate may be fastened to the spindle by threads, by a cam lock mechanism, or by a threaded collar and key. 主轴是一根坚固的空心轴，装在重型轴承之间，其前 端用来安装驱动盘(花盘)，以便把确定的运动传到工 件。 该驱动盘可借助螺纹、凸轮锁紧机构或 借助一个螺纹垫圈和键固定在主轴上。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The lathe bed is cast iron and provides accurately ground sliding surfaces (way) on which the carriage rides. The lathe carriage is a H-shaped casting on which the cutting tool is mounted in a tool holder. The apron hangs from the front of the carriage and contains the driving gears that move the tool and carriage along or across the way to provide the desired tool motion. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The lathe bed is cast iron and provides accurately ground sliding surfaces (way) on which the carriage rides. 课文分析 The lathe carriage is a H-shaped casting on which the cutting tool is mounted in a tool holder. 车床的床身是铸铁件，它提供高精度的磨削过的滑动 表面(导轨)，其上放有拖板。 车床拖板是H型的铸件，而刀具就安装 在拖板的刀架上。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The apron hangs from the front of the carriage and contains the driving gears that move the tool and carriage along or across the way to provide the desired tool motion. 课文分析 溜板箱装在拖板前面，内装齿轮机 构使刀具和拖板沿导轨或垂直导轨 移动以提供所希望的刀具运动。 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 A compound rest, located above the carriage provides for rotation of the tool holder through any desired angle. A hand wheel and feed screw are provided on the compound rest for linear motions of the tool. The cross feed is provided with a hand wheel and feed screw for moving the compound rest perpendicular to the lathe way. A gear train in the apron provides power feed for the carriage both along and across the way. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 A compound rest, located above the carriage provides for rotation of the tool holder through any desired angle. A hand wheel and feed screw are provided on the compound rest for linear motions of the tool. 拖板上面的复合刀架能使刀夹回转所要求的任 意角度。 复合刀架上的手轮和进给丝杆可以实现 刀具的直线运动。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The cross feed is provided with a hand wheel and feed screw for moving the compound rest perpendicular to the lathe way. A gear train in the apron provides power feed for the carriage both along and across the way. 转动手轮和丝杠使复合刀架垂直于车床导轨移 动，实现横向进给。 溜板箱中的齿轮传动装置可实现拖板沿 着导轨和横跨导轨的机动进给。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The feed box contains gears to impart motion to the carriage and control the rate at which the tool moves relative to the workpiece. On a typical lathe feeds range from 0.002 to 0.160 in. per revolution of the spindle, in about 50steps. Since the transmission in the feed box is driven from the spindle gears, the feeds are directly related to the spindle speed. The feed box gearing is also used in thread cutting and provides from 4 to 224 threads per in. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The feed box contains gears to impart motion to the carriage and control the rate at which the tool moves relative to the workpiece. On a typical lathe feeds range from 0.002 to 0.160 in. per revolution of the spindle, in about 50steps. 进给齿轮箱将运动传给拖板并控制刀具相对于 工件的运动速度。 典型车床的进给范围是主轴每转从0.002 到0.160英寸，大约有50级转速。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 Since the transmission in the feed box is driven from the spindle gears, the feeds are directly related to the spindle speed. The feed box gearing is also used in thread cutting and provides from 4 to 224 threads per in. 由于进给箱的变速是由主轴齿轮驱动的，因此 进给量直接与主轴转速有关。 进给箱齿轮传动机构也用于螺纹加工， 并能加工每英寸4到224扣的螺纹。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The connecting shaft between the feed box and the lathe apron are the feed rod and the lead screw. Many lathe manufacturers combine these two rods in one, a practice that reduces the cost of the machine at the expense of accuracy. The feed rod is used to provide tool motion essential for accurate workpiece and good surface finishes. The lead screw is used to provide the accurate lead necessary for the thread cutting. The feed rod is driven through a friction clutch that allows slippage in case the tool is overloaded. This safety device is not provided in the lead screw, since thread cutting cannot tolerate slippage. Since the full depth of the thread is seldom cut in one pass, a chasing dial is provided to realign the tool for subsequent passes. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 机械工程专业英语 The connecting shaft between the feed box and the lathe apron are the feed rod and the lead screw. Many lathe manufacturers combine these two rods in one, a practice that reduces the cost of the machine at the expense of accuracy. 进给箱和车床溜板箱之间的连结轴是光杠和丝杠 。 许多车床制造商把这两杆合二为 一，实际上那就以降低精度为代 价减少机床的成本。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 在损害情况下， 以为牺牲/代价 机械工程专业英语 The feed rod is used to provide tool motion essential for accurate workpiece and good surface finishes. The lead screw is used to provide the accurate lead necessary for the thread cutting. The feed rod is driven through a friction clutch that allows slippage in case the tool is overloaded. 光杠提供了刀具的运动，它对于高精度的工件和良 好的表面光洁度是很重要的。 丝杠用于提供精确的(螺纹)导程，这对于螺纹切削 是必需的。光杆是通过摩擦离合器来驱动的，这 样允许打滑以免刀具过载。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 This safety device is not provided in the lead screw, since thread cutting cannot tolerate slippage. Since the full depth of the thread is seldom cut in one pass, a chasing dial is provided to realign the tool for subsequent passes. 这一安全装置不能装在丝杆上，因为螺纹加工是不 允许打滑的。 由于螺纹全深很难一次走刀加工完成 ，因此装设一螺纹指示盘作为后续走 刀加工时重新对刀用。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The lathe tailstock is fitted with an accurate spindle that has a tapered hole for mounting drills, drill chucks, reamers, and lathe centers. The tailstock can be moved along the lathe ways to accommodate various lengths of workpieces as well as to advance a tool into contact with the workpiece. The tailstock can be offset relative to the lathe ways to cut tapers or conical surfaces. 车床尾座内装有一高精度的轴，该轴有一锥孔，以 便安装钻头、钻夹、铰刀和车床顶针。 尾座可以沿着车床导轨移动以适应工件的不同长 度和在加工中使刀具与工件接触，尾座相对导轨 偏置一角度以加工出锥体或锥形表面。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The turret lathe is basically an engine lathe with certain additional features to provide for semiautomatic operation and to reduce the opportunity for human error. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 转塔车床基本上是具有某种附加特性 的普通车床，实现半自动加工以减少 人工操作误差的机会。 转塔车床没有尾架和丝杠，而在尾架的位置上装有一 个装有一个能纵向移动多任务位主切削刀架（如：转 塔刀架、回轮刀架），另外还具有辅助刀架（如：前 、后刀架），能完成卧式车床上的各种加工工序。是 一种多刀、多任务位加工的高效机床，加工效率比卧 式车床高23倍。转塔车床的调整需花费较多时间，适 合于成批生产。 此外，转塔车床刀架的纵横向进给设有撞停定 程装置，可自动控制铬镍钢件尺寸，保证成批工件尺 寸的一致性，能自动实现机床的变速预选、进给量改 变等操作，或整机半自动化和自动化操作，为一人多 机看管和纳入自动线提供了条件。 机械工程专业英语 The carriage of the turret lathe is provided with T- slots for mounting a tool-holding device on both sides of the lathe ways with tools properly set for cutting when rotated into position。 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 转塔车床的拖板设有T形槽以便在车床 导轨两端安装夹刀装置，当转塔转入 到合适位置时，要正确地装设刀具以 便进行切削。 机械工程专业英语 The carriage is also equipped with automatic stops that control the tool travel and provide good reproduction of cuts. The tailstock of the turret lathe is of hexagonal design, in which six tools can be mounted. 拖板也装设有自动停机装置以便控制刀具行程和提 供良好的重复加工。 转塔车床的尾座是六角形结构，在六 角头中可以装六把刀具。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 Although a large amount of time is consumed in setting up the tools and stops for operation, the turret lathe, once set, can continue to duplicate operations with a minimum of operator skill until the tools become dulled and need replacing. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 虽然安装刀具和撞停止动块要花大量时间， 但转塔车床一次装刀以后，在缺少熟练工人 的情况下也可以连续的重复加工，直到刀具 变钝和需要换刀为止。 机械工程专业英语 Thus, the turret lathe is economically feasible only for production work, where the amount of time necessary to prepare the machine for operation is justifiable in terms of the number of part to be made. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 因而，转塔车床仅用于成批生产才是经济上 是可行的、合理的，此时，根据所制造零件 的数量，为加工准备需要花一定数量的时间 是合理的。 机械工程专业英语 Tracing and duplication lathes are equipped with a duplicating device to automatically control the longitudinal and cross feed motions of the single-point cutting tool and provide a finished part of required shape and size in one or two passes of the tools. 课文分析 Lesson 24 Lathes 仿形车床装有一个仿形装置以自动控制单刃 刀具的纵向和横向进给运动，并可以一次或 两次走刀就生产出所需形状和尺寸的精加工 零件。 机械工程专业英语 The single-spindle automatic lathe uses a vertical turret as well as two cross slides. The work is fed through the machine spindle into the chuck, and the tools are operated automatically by cams. 单轴自动车床采用一个立式转塔和两个横向溜板。 工件通过机床主轴孔被送入卡盘，而 刀具是靠凸轮来自动操作控制。 Lesson 24 Lathes 课文分析 机械工程专业英语 The multispindle automatic lathe is provided with four, five, six, or eight spindles, with one workpiece mounted in each spindle. The spindles index around a central shaft, with the main tool slide accessible to all spindles. Each spindle position is provided with a side tool-slide operated independently. Si