希腊神话-阿尔戈斯人.ppt

nGreek mythology is a group of oral stories of ancient Greece. It can be divided into two parts: n1) stories about gods n2) the heroic tales 1) stories about gods nThe stories about gods tell us the creation of the universe, the birth of Gods and their lives, and the origins of humankind. The Characteristics: n1. All the chief gods took human forms of beauty and grace and shared the human feelings n2. Greek mythology is full of great imaginations and lively characters. 2) the heroic tales nThe heroic tales is a collection about the heroes and the leaders of the tribe or the founders of the city-states. nGreek Mythology and Greek myths are filled with an impressive array of Greek heroes, each one having his or her own story to tell. These mythological figures, are unique and very distinctive in their own right. nThe English word hero comes from the Greek word heroas (iroas, ). The word has different meanings depending on its use, but in one of its meanings, the word heroes refers to the great men who have fought hard and became deities or famous. These heroes are also known to have protected their land during the times of danger and crisis. nThe heroes in Greek mythology are known for many different reasons; some of them went to the Underworld and fought with monsters, others fought with giants, sea serpents and dragons, while others are known due to their family tragedies more than anything else. nThe heroes of the Greek mythology became immortals, since the Gods acknowledged their fame and courage. The enduring fights and stories of these heroes moved the Gods who made them immortal, offering them a place among the Gods and deities of the Mt Olympus. However, these heroes were most popular because they were human and because they would exhibit weaknesses, they would make mistakes and would share their passions with other people - characteristics that all humans can identify with. nGreek mythology presents us with the adventures and passions of Greek heroes; it also reveals us many secrets of their lives and their ability to endure pain, withstand the tear and wear of time and remain so popular throughout the ages. nThe heroes in Greek mythology have inspired numerous art pieces throughout the centuries, becoming symbols of life, courage and endurance. nArgos (middle Greece) Perseus nMycenae (south Greece) Heracles nIolcus (north Greece) Jason nCrete (an island) Minos nAttica (the territory of Athens) Theseus n nTo the Heroic Age are ascribed three great military events: nthe Theban War nthe Argonautic Expedition nthe Trojan War Chapter7 Stories of Argos 蔡海燕 Todays content: nI. Danaus and His Fifty Daughters nII. Danae and Her Son nIII. The Hero Perseus I. Danaus and His Fifty Daughters Zeus and Io nIo was the daughter of Inachus, a river-god. Zeus loved and wooed and won her. nBecause of Heras suspicions, Zeus changed Ios form into a white heifer. nAfter Hermes killed Argos, who watched over the little heifer, Hera sent the mother of all gad- flys to sting the still bovine Io. This pushed her near madness, trying to escape she wandered the world. nShe eventually reached the Nile where Zeus did restore her to human form. There, she bore Epaphus, who later became the king of Egypt. nSome of her descendants remained in Egypt and ruled there as kings. nOne of these Egyptian kings had two sons, Aegyptus and Danaus. Les Danaides, Jan Frans De Boever, 1927 n About the fate of the forty-nine daughters there is some difference of opinion. Some say that no suitors dared to marry them, their father was compelled to give them to the contestants in a race. nOthers say that Lynceus killed them all to avenge his brothers, and they were punished in Hades by being compelled eternally to carry water in leaky vessels, or through jugs to a leaky vessel. Cask of Danaides n- means “达那伊得斯姐妹之桶”，with the metaphoric meaning “无底洞”。 The Danaides Schmidt, Martin Johann (1718-1801) II. Danae and Her Son Titian (14901576) nBut Zeus came to her in the form of golden rain, and impregnated her. Soon after, their child Perseus was born. Dana reclining with Zeus as the shower of gold depicted on a vase 450-425 BC nUnwilling to provoke the wrath of the gods by killing his offspring, Acrisius cast Dana and Perseus into the sea in a wooden chest. The sea was calmed by Poseidon and at the request of Zeus the pair survived. They were washed ashore on the island of Seriphus, where they were taken in by Dictys - the brother of King Polydectes - who raised Perseus to manhood. III. The Hero Perseus nAfter some time, Polydectes fell in love with Dana, so Perseus, who knew that Polydectes had grim intentions, constantly protected his mother from him. Polydectes desired to remove Perseus from the island so he could have Dana, and therefore hatched a plot to send him away. Polydectes held a large banquet where each guest was expected to bring a gift. nThe fishermans foster son was invited. He asked Polydectes to name the gift, for he would not refuse it. Polydectes held Perseus to his rash promise, demanding the head of the only mortal Gorgon, Medusa, whose very expression turned people to stone. n Ovid told that Medusa had once been a woman, vain of her beautiful hair, who had lain with Poseidon in the Temple of Athena. In punishment for the desecration of her temple, Athena had changed Medusas hair into hideous snakes S1Ep5 00:03:36-00:08:26 nPerseus had to snatch the eye as the Graeae passed it, forcing them to tell where to find weapons to defeat the Gorgons. Perseus then proceeded to the Gorgons cave. S1Ep5 00:39:15-00:41:05 nChrysaor and Pegasus were born from the drops of Medusas blood which fell in the sea; some say that they sprang from Medusas neck as Perseus beheaded her. nPegasus was a winged horse; Chrysaor was a young man, who was sometimes said to be a giant or a winged boar. Perseus and Pegasus Perseus turned Atlas to stone. This is the Mt. Atlas in Africa that still guards the entrance to the Mediterranean Sea, rising opposite Gibraltar. Perseus Marriage to Andromeda nOn the way back, Perseus stopped in the kingdom of Ethiopia. This mythical Ethiopia was ruled by King Cepheus and Queen Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia, having boasted herself equal in beauty to the Nereids, drew down the vengeance of Poseidon, who sent a flood on the land and a sea serpent to destroy man and beast. nThe oracle announced that no relief would be found until the king exposed his daughter Andromeda to the monster, and so she was fastened to a rock on the shore. nSome accounts have it that Perseus fought the monster and killed with his sword. Others say that he turned the creature into stone by displaying the head of Medusa to the monster. nHearing their story from Andromedas parents, Perseus bargained with the king for the girls hand in marriage. PIERO DI COSIMO. Perseus Frees Andromeda c. 1515 nPerseus married Andromeda in spite of Phineus, to whom she had before been promised. At the wedding a quarrel took place between the rivals, and Phineus was turned to stone by the sight of Medusas head that Perseus had kept. Fate of Polydectes nPerseus and Andromeda had a son, named Perses. Perseus decided to return home in Seriphus, but left his son behind so that Perses would inherit Cepheus throne. nOn returning to Seriphos and discovering that his mother had to take refuge from the violent advances of Polydectes, Perseus killed him with Medusas head, and made his brother Dictys, consort of Danae, king. nPerseus then returned his magical loans and gave Medusas head as a votive gift to Athena, who set it on Zeus shield (which she carried), as the Aegis. The oracle fulfilled nThere are a couple different accounts about Acrisius death, but the usual story is this. Acrisius having heard of his grandsons heroic adventure and his decision to come to Argos caused the old king to flee. But Perseus did not want to harm his grandfather, nor did he want Acrisius throne. Perseus followed Acrisius to Larisa in Thessaly. nThe king of Larisa, was holding funeral games for his