英语副词分类详解.doc

英语副词分类详解一、时间副词1.常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just等。2.时间副词在句中的位置(1)表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris.最近他去了巴黎。(2)still, already, just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：Hes just left for school.他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work.我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.她到了40岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it.我已经把情况告诉他了。still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：I still dont understand what you mean.我还是不明白你的意思。另外，still和already还可位于句末，表示惊奇：Are you on page one still?你还在看第1页？Is your mother back already?你妈妈就已经回来了？二、地点副词1.常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs等。2.地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Can you help to carry this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。三、方式副词1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。2.方式副词在句中的位置(1)方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：He read the letter slowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长：不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me.他好奇地打量着我。He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。(2)方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：He quickly got dressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter.他很生气，把信撕碎了。(3)有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：They secretly decided to leave the town.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。They decided to leave the town secretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。He answered the questions foolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。(4)有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：Suddenly, the driver started the engine.突然地，司机启动了发动机。四、频度副词1.频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always等。2.频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：He often comes to see us.他常来看我们。He is seldom late for school.他上学很少迟到。有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She always was late.她老是迟到。有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：I get paid on Fridays usually.我通常在星期五领工资。We go out very seldom.我们很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often?你常去看电影吗?有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：Sometimes he went there by bus.有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。Very often the phone rings when Im in the bath.电话经常在我洗澡时响。【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：Never have I been there.我从未去过那儿。Seldom does he see a film.他很少看电影。另外，频度副词always和never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：Always remember this.时刻记住这一点。Never go out at night.晚上千万不要出去。3.频度副词在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)：He doesnt usually come here. / He usually doesnt come here.他通常不来这儿。She doesnt always come late.她并非总是迟到。(不能说always doesnt)He is sometimes not responsible for what he does.他有时对所做的事不负责任。五、程度副词1.程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。2.程度副词的用法注意点(1)程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)：Houses are much more expensive these days.如今的房价贵多了。This is quite much the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机。【注】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2)有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)(3)个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：Its quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rather good idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则quite和rather则只能放在冠词之前：It was quite rather a success.那事相当成功。六、连接副词1.连接副词的分类连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how等。2.连接句子或从句的连接副词其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：I dont like it; besides, its too expensive.我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：He may, however, come later.不过，他也许一会儿就到。We all tried out best. We lost the game, however.我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides.彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。3.引导从句和不定式的连接副词用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等：Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave.告诉我什么时候离开。I dont know how I can find him. / I dont know how to find him.我不知道如何找到他。Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem.到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。Thats why he speaks English so well.那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。【注】连接副词why后不能接不定式，如可说I dont know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说I dont know why to leave。七、关系副词1.关系副词的特点关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.星期日是没什么人上班的日子。Thats the reason why he dislikes me.这就是他不喜欢我的原因。Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。2.使用关系副词的注意点(1)how不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way后表示方式：他说话就是那个样子。误：This is the way how he spoke.正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke.(2)关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。(3)引导定语从句时，when的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。This is the house (that) he bought recently.这就是他最近买的那座房子。Please tell me the reason (that) you know.请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。八、疑问副词1.疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Where do you come from?你是哪里人？When will it be ready?这什么时候能准备好？Why was she crying?她刚才为什么哭？2.两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：Where do you think he has gone?你认为他去什么地方了？Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候来吗？上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come?其区别是：可以用yes或no回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有know, hear, ask, tell等；不能用yes或no回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有think, believe, suppose, guess等。3.使用疑问副词的注意点(1)疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：Without friends where are we?没有朋友我们会怎样？(2)疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Why argue with him?为什么要与跟他争吵？Why not ask the teacher? / Why dont you ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师呢？【注】Why或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说why not tell me yesterday?应改为