英语的六种基本句型.ppt

英语五种基本句型 基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主谓表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾 直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾 宾补 基本句型六：There be +主语+ 地点状语 句型1： Subject (主语) Vt (谓语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整 的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直 接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动 词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。 1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man 4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He 10.They flies. rose. cooked. eat and drink .laughed? woke. talked for half an hour walked yesterday is playing have gone 主语n/pron谓语 vi 句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓 语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须 加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成 复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动 词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示 主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分 为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious. 2) He looked worried just now。 3)Several players lay flat on the playground.几 个队员平躺在操场上。 4)We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 5) I feel hungry. /The cloth feels smooth. 6)The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。 7)The music sounds wonderful. 8)The meat smells bad. 2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before. 这棵树比以前长得高多了。 3)Xial Li has become an English teacher now. 4) Dont have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃 那种食物，已经变质了。 5)The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 6)Leaves turn yellow in autumn. 主语 系动词表语 1.This 2. He 3.He 4. The book 5. The students 6.He 7.He 8.He 9.It 10.He is is is is are is is was will be must be an English dictionary. out ./ away / upstairs tall and strong. interesting. excited/moved /tired. 16 years old. in the room. awake all night. a year before he comes back in the room. 句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就 是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代 词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。此句型句子 的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的 动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即 动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开 了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代 词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式 ） 她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)我 不知道下一步该干什么 5)You can put the books in your bag.你可以把 书放在书包里。 6)Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. 我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 7)She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 8)I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页 9)I suggest going for a walk now. 10).I hear that he will come tomorrow. 主语谓语vt宾语 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He 9.I 10.He knows laughs at understands made ate likes want said hope asked the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. reading. to have a cup of tea. “Good morning.“ to go to university. who broke the window. 句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟 有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一 个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承 受者。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示 动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺， 常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称 之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不 大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双 宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事 。 3)Yesterday her father taught her how to ride a bicycle. 昨天她父亲教她如何骑自行车。 4）The old man has brought us many books 老人给我们带来了很多书。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.； 2)动词 宾语to sb.。 Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 Ill buy you a computer as long as you don t lose heart. =Ill buy a computer for you as long as you dont lose heart. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你买台电脑。 主语谓语间宾直宾 1.he 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him her me a new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late 句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object ( 宾语)Complement(补语) 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动 词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思， 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思 完整。这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾 语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明 宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的 动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词 、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词 有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该 让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式) 他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.(现在分词) 5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.(过去分词) 6)Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来 。 7)He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。 8)We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个 诚实的人。 主语谓语Vt宾语宾补 1. We 2. They 3.They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I 9.He 10.We keep painted call found makes saw asked saw had made the table the door supper the house him him me them his bike them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. repaired. work hard. There be 句型 此句型是由 there + be + 主语 + 状语构成，用以 表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的 一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅 为引导词，并无实际语。Be 与其后的主语在人称 和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如， 现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be/there is /are going to be. 现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去一直有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be There live,/ stand,/ come,/ go,/ lie, /remain, /exist, /arrive,等+主语 +状语。Eg: There stands an old templ on the top of the mountain. There once lived an old man by the sea. (一)1李明学习很努力。 2.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3春天就要来了. 4我们住在这个城市已有关10年了. 5学生们学习很努力。 6 她再次向我道歉。 (二)1.这是本英汉辞典。2.午餐的气味很好。3.他 堕入了情网。4. 一切看来都不同了。 5.他长得又高又壮。6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7. 我们的井干枯了。8. 他的脸红了。 1.Li Ming works very hard. 2.The accident happened yesterday afternoon 3.Spring is coming. 4.We have lived in the city for ten years. 5.The students work very hard. 6.She apologized to me again. (二) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red. 三)1. 谁知道答案？2. 她微笑表示感谢。3. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。4.他喜欢看书。 5. 他们吃了剩饭。6.他说：“早上好！”7.我 想喝杯茶。8. 他承认犯了错误。 (四)1. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.她给丈 夫煮了一顿美味的饭。 3.他给你买了一本字典。4. 他对她什么都不 拒绝5.我给他看我的照片。 6.我洗了我的汽车。7. 我告诉他汽车晚点了 。8.他教我开机器。 1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them.。 4. He enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said “Good morning.“ 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistaken. (四) 1. She ordered herself a new dress.。 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 五)1.他们任命他当经理。 2.他们把门漆成绿色。 3. 这使得他们要细想一想。 4.他们发现那房子无人居住。 5. 他怎么会这样想？ 6.我们送他出去。 7他要我早点回来。 8. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon.。 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 六)1