明喻和暗喻的比较SimileMetaph.ppt

simile 英音：simili美音：sm,l definition 1.A simile is an expressed likeness 2.the simplest and most direct way of connoting an idea with something else. A figure of speech comparing two essentially unlike things and often Introduced by like or as simile. It is a comparison between two distinctly different things and the comparison is indicated by the word as or like: Oh, my loves like a red, red rose That man cant be trusted. Hes as slippery as an eel 鳗鱼. The old mans hair is as white as snow. In the above three examples people and things of different categories are compared: a woman and a rose, a man and an eel, and hair and snow. But each pair has one similarity: loveliness, slipperiness and whiteness. The discrepancy between things compared makes their similarity all the more striking. COMMON FORMS: A. LIKE eyes are nothing like the sun They will never be able to save money to buy a new house they both spend money like water. B: AS 1.as+adj+as+n You are as sweet as sugar. As hot as an oven-as cold as a frog;热如炉,冷如蛙 As gay as a lark-as sick as a dog;乐如云雀,累如狗 As slow as the tortoise-as swift as the wind;慢如龟 ,疾如风 2.As+S+V Men fears death, as children fears to go in the darK 3.As ,so As B is ,so is A As the lion is the king of beasts, so is the eagle king of birds 4. As if/as though My handwriting looks as if a swarm of ants, escaping from an ink bottle, had walked over a sheet of paper without wiping their legs. 我的笔记看起来就好像一群蚂蚁 从墨水瓶里逃出 来， 没把脚抹干净就在纸上行走似得 5. may/might as well +V+as +V You may as well ask for the moon as (ask) for a bicycle, because you are not going to get either.你要自行车就好比要天上的月亮，因为两者中 任何一个你都不能得到。 C. what Soap opera is for TV what the popular novel is for book. 肥皂剧之于电视，犹如通俗小说之于书籍 Water is to fishes what air is to men.鱼之于水，犹 如空气于人 D. than, no more than/not any more than A student can no more than obtain knowledge without studying than a farmer can get harvest without ploughing.学生不学习就不能获得知识，犹如农民不 耕种就不能得到收成一样。 A home without love is no more than a body without a soul.没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体 He can no more swim than a hammer can.他不能游泳 犹如锤子不能游泳一样。 E. And， the way A word and a stone let go can not be recalled.说出去 的话就如扔出去的石头一样是收不回的。/君子一言，驷马难追 I should smell it the way a cat smell a mouse.我可以猫 嗅老鼠一样闻出他的味道来。 F .seem, resemble, treat, compare to, remind of, be similar to , so to speak/ as it were 等等 He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把孩子当成 掌上明珠 Metaphor 1.The definition of metaphor A metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily and primarily denotes one thing is applied to another in an implied comparison. (1).Comparison is implied. (2).It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word “as“ or “like“. (3).Metaphor compares two different things by speaking of one in terms of the other. Unlike a simile or analogy, metaphor asserts that one thing is another thing, not just that one is like another. 2. Structure of metaphor Ontology (本体） 被比喻的事物或情境 Metaphors （喻体） 打比方的事物或情境 Pre-figurative word （喻词） 表示比喻关系的词语 3. Types of metaphor 1.“noun“ pattern名词词型: A is B (1). Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 (2). Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance. 没有德行的美丽好比没有芬芳的玫。 (3). Some people think that marriage is a lottery. 有些人认为婚姻是缘分。 (4). He is the eyes and ears of the manager. 他是经理的耳目。 (5). Greece was the cradle of Western culture. 希腊是西方文化的发源地/摇篮。 (6). The old mans face is a map of time. 那老人脸就是岁月的写照。 2.“verb“ pattern动词动词 型: (1).Snow clothes the ground. 雪覆盖了大地。 (2). A stranger then is still dogging us. 一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们。 (3).The years have silvered her hair. 岁月已使她的鬓发如霜。 (4). The population mushroomed in the postwar decades. 战后数十年里人口快速增长。 (5). He doesnt have any idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 3.“adjective“ pattern形容词词型: (1).The mountainous waves swallowed up the ship. 山一般的巨浪吞没了那艘船。 (2).I was all smiles, looking forward to a pleasant, homey evening. 我满心欢喜，盼望度过一个家庭般舒适的夜晚。 (3).He gave Mark a wintry smile. 他给玛克一个冷笑。 4.“-of-“ phrase pattern: a/the+N1+of+(a)+N2 (1). A policeman waved me out of the snake of traffic and flagged me to stop. 一位警察招手要我从长蛇般的车流中出来，并挥旗叫我停下。 (2).The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him. 演讲者俯视下面无数的面孔。 (3). We have come a long way since then, in part as a fruit of his labors. 从那以后，我们取得了巨大进展，其中一部分是他努力的结果。 (4). They tied pillows on top of their heads as protection against the shower of rocks. 他们把枕头绑在头上以防倾泻而下的岩石。 5.“idiom“ pattern: (1). We mended our fences. 我们重修旧好。 (2). Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 (3). Time is money. 时间就是金钱 Differences between simile and metaphor Structure Element Function Structure A simile makes a clear comparison by means of words like, as, as if, asso,etc. A metaphor makes a comparison which is implied rather than stated. So the metaphor is also called condensed simile(压 缩了的明喻). Element A simile always contains the subject and the reference, which are connected by simile markers. It states literally that A is like B. A metaphor compare things implicitly. Read literally, it dose not state that things are alike; it says that they are the same thing. Sometimes there is only the subject and no reference in a metaphor. Function A good simile can draw sharper pictures in the mind than could possibly be done by any means .And it explains abstract or complicated idea or processes in simple, concrete imagery, so it is easy to understand. Such as: * Her brown hair was like a birds smooth wings. * Record fell like ripe apples on a windy day. * To release the energy of stores of atoms by bombarding with sub-atomic particles is like shooting birds in the dark in a country where there are very few birds. A metaphor tries to give deeper insight into persons, things, ideas, even problems, though suggestive association; to throw light onto what would otherwise be inconceivable to ordinary people. So its r