中考英语专题讲练惯用法（含解析）.docx

惯用法知识精讲动词短语、介词短语、名词短语、形容词短语等惯用语指语言使用中形成的相对固定的词汇组合。短语词组和习惯用法，对于这一类选择题，不能利用语法知识进行判断。因此平时的日积月累就十分重要。只有熟悉其意义和用法，才能准确迅速地做出判断。识别短语注意搭配一类短语是由动词+介词，或动词+副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多而且实用性强、结构简练，使用灵活，表达生动，如breaktheice，lookforwardto，keepaneyeon，catchoneseye等;还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如withregardto，attheageof等。如果平时能注意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完形填空时就能得心应手，减少失误，提高完形填空的命中率一、动词短语搭配熟练掌握新课标要求的重点动词短语，固定搭配和习惯用法。二、介词短语的搭配中考考查在特定的语境中，介词及介词短语的熟练掌握和准确运用，是中考的必考点。考纲中规定的305个短语，期中涉及了大量的介词应用。在北京的中考试题中，介词考查所占比例呈下降趋势，对介词基本用法的掌握显得尤为重要。其它省市的中考真题中，介词的考查仍然占相当比例。北京中考大纲要求必备305个短语1. a bit (of) 有一点儿2. a few 一些；少量；几个3. a kind of 一种；一类4. a little一些；少量5. a lot of 许多6. a number of 一些；许多7. a pair of 一双；一副8. a piece of 一(块，张，片，件) 9. above all 首先，首要10. according to 根据，按照11. after all 毕竟，终究12. after class 课后13. again and again 反复地；在三地14. agree to do sth. 同意做某事15. agree with sb. 同意某人的看法16. all kinds of 各种各样的17. all over 到处；遍及；结束18. all right 行了；好吧；（病）好了19. arrive at(in) a place 到达某地20. as a result（作为）结果21. as far as (表示程度范围)就，尽22. as if 好像，仿佛23. as long as 只要24. as soon as 一就25. as usual 通常，平常地26. as well as 除之外（也）27. as well 也;又28. asas像，如同29. be proud of 为而感到自豪30. be strict with 对严格要求31. belong to 属于32. bothand 两个都，既又33. break down 损坏；（把化合物等）分解，汽车（抛锚）34. break in 闯入，强行进入，插嘴，打断35. break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发36. bring up 教育，培养37. build up 逐步建立38. by accident 偶然39. by air(bus, train, ship) 乘飞机公交车火车轮船40. by day 日间，在白天41. by the way 顺便说;顺便问一下42. call in 召来，召集43.call on 拜访44. call up 号召，打电话45. care for 喜欢，照顾（病人）46. carry on 继续下去，继续开展47. carry out 执行48. catch up with 赶上（或超过）49. change into 转换成，把变成50. check in 报到，登记51. check out 查明，结账52. clear up 整理，收拾，（天气）放晴53. come across （偶然）遇见（或发现）54. come back 回来；想起来55. come down 落，下来56. come from出生（于），来自57. come in 进入，进来58. come on 快；走吧；跟我来59. come out 出来；（书等）出版，发行60. come to 共计，达到61. come true 实现62. come up with追上；赶上；想出（主意）63. come up 上来，上升，抬头64. compare to 与相比65. compare with 与相比66. congratulate on 祝贺67. connect with 与相连68. cut down 砍倒69. cut off 切断70. day and night 日日夜夜71. deal with 处理，对付72. depend on（upon）依靠,相信，信赖73. die out 消失，灭亡74. different from 与不同75. divide into把分成76. do ones best 尽最大努力77. do some cleaning（shopping）做扫除（买东西）78. each other 互相79. earn ones living 谋生80. eitheror或者或者81. enjoy oneself 过得愉快82. even if 即使，尽管83. even though 即使，尽管84. ever since 自那时起直到现在85. face to face 面对面86. fall asleep 入睡87. fall ill 患病，病倒88. far away (from) (离)遥远89. far from远离90. feel like doing 想要；感觉要91. fill in 填充92. fillwith 用填充93. find out 找出；查明；了解94. first of all 首先95. forever 永远96. for example 例如97. from now on 从今以后，今后98. from then on 从那时起99. from time to time 不时，偶尔100. from to从到101. get along / on (with) 进展；与. 相处102. get away 逃离103. get back 返回104. get close (to) 接近105. get down 降下106. get in 进入，收获，达到107. get off 脱下（衣服等），下车108. get on with sb. 与相处109. get on 上车110. get through 通过，拨通（电话）111. get together 相聚；联欢112. get up 起床113. give away 分发114. give back 归还，送回115. give in 屈服，让步116. give out 分发117. give up 放弃118. go ahead 走在前面，领先；干吧，干下去119. go away 走开；离去120. go by 走过，经过，过去121. go fishing(shopping/skating) （去）钓鱼 / （买东西，滑冰）122. go for a walk 散步123. go off 走开124. go on doing 继续干某事，不停地干某事125. go on with 继续126. go on 继续127. go out 熄灭128. go over 复习；仔细地再读一遍129. go through 浏览；翻阅，通过130. grow up 成年;长大成人131. had better (do) 最好（做）132. hand in 上交；交纳133. hand out 分发134. hang on （打电话时）不挂断，等待片刻135. hang up 挂断电话136. have a cold 患感冒137. have a good time 玩得高兴，过得愉快138. have classes 上课139. have fun with玩得高兴140. have to 不得不；必须141. hear from 收到来信142. hear of 听说，知道143. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事144. help oneself to 请随便吃点145. helpout 帮助某人解决困难146. hold on 等一等（别挂电话）147. hold ones breath 不出气，屏住呼吸148. hundreds of 几百；成百上千149. hurry up 赶快；快点150. in a hurry 匆忙；很快地151. in a word 简言之；总之152. in all 总之153. in common 共同，共有154. in danger 处于危险状态155. in fact 事实上;实际上156. in front of 在前面157. in need of 需要，缺少158. in order that 为了159. in order to 为了160. in order 按顺序161. in other words 换句话说162. in peace 安静，宁静163. in public 当众；公开164. in surprise 吃惊；惊讶165. in the end 最后；终于166.in time 及时167.instead of 代替；而不是168. join in 参加；加入169. just now 现在；刚才170. keep doing sth. 继续做某事171. keep off 勿踏；勿踩172. keep on 继续（进行）173. keep ones word 守信174. keep up 保持；维持；继续175.knock at 敲176. knock into sb. 撞上177. laugh at 嘲笑178. lead to 导致，导向179. let in 让进来，放进180. let out 放掉，泄露181. live on 靠为生182. look after 照料；照顾183. look ahead 向前看，展望未来184. look down upon 看不起；轻视185. look for 寻找186. look forward to 盼望187. look into 向里面看去；调查188. look out 留神，当心189. look through 看穿，浏览190. look up 查找191. lots of 许多，大量192. make a face 做鬼脸；做苦脸193. make friends with 与交朋友194. make up of 由组成，构成195. make up ones mind 下决心196. make up 和解，化妆197. millions of 成百万上千万，数以百万计198. more or less 或多或少199. neither nor既不也不200. next to 紧接着相邻，次于201. no longer 不再202. not any more 不再203. notat all 一点也不,绝非204. not only but also不仅而且205. not soas 不像；不如206. not till / until 直到才207. now and then 时而；偶而208. of course 当然209. on duty 值日；值班210. on foot 走路，步行211. on show 在展出212. on time 准时213. on/over the radio 通过收音机214. once again 再一次215. once more 再一次216. once upon a time 从前；很久以前217. one after another 一个接一个，连续地218. ought to 应该219. out of breath 上气不接下气220. out of work 失业221. over and over again 反复，多次重复222. pass by 经过223. pay attention to 注意224. pay back 偿还（借款等）225. pay for 付钱；买226. pick out 挑选出227. pick up 拾起228. point out 指出229. point to 指向230. prevent from妨碍；防止；预防231. put away 储存232. put down 记下233. put off 延期；推迟234. put on weight 发福，增加体重235. put on 穿; 戴上；上演236. put out 扑灭，关熄237. put up 举起; 挂起，贴（广告等）238. rather than 而不，非239. refer to 提到，涉及，有关240. regard as 把看作241. right away 立即，马上242. right now 立即,马上243. ring back 回电话244. ring up 打电话给245. run away 逃跑246. run out of 用完247. save ones life 挽救某人生命248. seeoff 为送行249. sell out 售完250. send for 派人去叫251. send out 发出，派遣252. send up 发出，射出253. separate from 分开254. set free 释放；解放255. set off 动身；启程；使爆发256. set out 出发；开始257. show off 炫耀258. side by side 肩并肩，一起259. so as to 以便，为的是260. so far as (表示程度，范围)就，尽261. so far 到目前为止262. so long as 只要263. sothat 太以至于264. sooner or later 迟早；早晚265. speed up 加快速度266. spendon 在花钱267. stand for 代表268. stop doing sth. 停止做某事269. stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事270. such as 例如271. take away 拿走272. take it easy 别着急；别紧张273. take off 脱下；起飞274. take ones time 从容；慢慢行动275. take out 取出276. take place 发生277. take the place of 取代，代替278. take up 占去，占据（时间、地位等）279. talk about 谈论；议论280. talk of 谈论，议论281. the day after tomorrow 后天282. the day before yesterday 前天283. the more the more 越就越284. the other day 前几天；某日285. think about 考虑（是否去做）286. think of 想起；考虑；认为；看法287. thousands of 成千上万；几千288. throw away 扔掉289. tooto太而不能290. try on 试穿；试试看291. try out 试验292. turn down 关小；调低293. turn off 关掉（水、电视、收音机等）294. turn on 打开（水、电视、收音机等）295. turn over 翻动；梨翻（土地）296. turn up 到达；来到；开大（声音等）297. up and down 上下，来回298.used to do sth. 过去常常299. used to sth. 习惯于300. wait for 等候，等待301. wake up 醒来302. work out 算出，解决303. worry about 担心，烦恼304. write down 写下，记下305. write to 写信给三点剖析一、考点：动词短语和介词短语的熟练的掌握和运用。二、重难点：Its Sunday. Some students are going _1_ a trip with their teacher. _2_ their way they saw a bus behind them. 1. A. toB. forC. onD. at2. A. OnB. ByC. AtD. To解析：短文是叙述老师领着学生旅游的事情。第1小题看似是考查be going to do 的结构，其实是考查学生go on a trip的固定搭配，意为“去旅行”，所以应选C项。第2小题是考查习惯用法，表示“在路上”，英语中要用on ones way表达，而by, at, to都不合题意。故选A。题模精选题模一：动词短语搭配例3.1.1Please tell me the story to your family. It would be a good start to _1_ the Ladys example.1.AfollowBgiveCmakeDbring例3.1.2The teacher asked two others and me if we could give our speeches next week. Why, certainly not! I want to get this speech _1_ with, not spend the weekend _2_ about it.1. AdownBoffCoverDout2. AforgettingBlearningCtalkingDworrying例3.1.3I realized that I had become distant from my family. We used to _1_ late watching Disney movies, and my brother s, sisters and I would play tennis in the backyard all the time.1.Acome backBgo downCstay upDkeep out题模二：介词短语搭配例3.2.1Then we just floated downtown for about four minutes. Beijing up _1_ the sky and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt much better than the hot air balloon.1.AoverBinCunderDbesides例3.2.2We also wanted to be regarded as good people. _1_ acting like good people for a long time, we became good out of good habits.1.AWithBForCByDIn例3.2.3I was along on the road, but as I got _1_ the light, it turned red and I stopped.1.Aalong withBdown toCclose toDout of随堂练习随练3.1In China, very few children make pocket money, _1_, in western countries, most kids make pocket money by themselves. They make money in many different_2_. When kids are very young, their parents help them sell the fruits of their own trees to neighbours. Kids may also help_3_do housework to make money at home. When they_4_sixteen, they can make money by sending newspapers or by working in fast food restaurants, _5_during the summer holidays. There are many_6_of making pocket money by kids themselves. First of all, they learn the_7_of money by working hard so that they will not waste any. Secondly, they learn to_8_money to buy things they need or want, such as books, pencils, movies and even clothes they like. Thirdly, they learn to_9_the daily life problems by helping their parents or others. Making pocket money is _10_for children when they grow up. That is why parents encourage their kids to make pocket money.随练3.2Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the United States, you can see Americans running men and women, young and old. People run _1_ along the beaches of California, _2_ Central Park in New York, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people even run in _3_ living rooms.Running wasnt so popular in the past. In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used _4_, “Hey, whats the hurry for?” or they might say to _5_, “Is he crazy?” At that time, women almost never ran. If they did, they might be laughed at. But today all these have _6_ Men and women of all _7_ enjoy running.Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States _8_ these bad habits: eating too much, smoking cigarettes, and taking _9_ exercise. Doctors tell us, “Eat less, dont smoke, and exercise more.” Running is a good exercise _10_ it helps build strong hearts and lungs. It also helps most people lose weight.惯用法题模精选题模一：动词短语搭配例3.1.1【答案】A【解析】考查动词固定搭配。follow ones example“模仿、效仿”。故选B。例3.1.2【答案】1. C 2. D【解析】考查动词固定搭配。get down 弯下、写下；get off 下车、离开；get over with 马上结束、赶紧做完；get out出去；worry about 担心。故选1. C2. D。例3.1.3【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。come back 回来；go down 下降，落下；stay up late 熬夜；keep out 使不进入。故选C。题模二：介词短语搭配例3.2.1【答案】B【解析】考查方位介词。in the sky在空中；over在正上方、越过；besides在旁边；under在下方。故选B。例3.2.2【答案】C【解析】考查方式介词。by+ doing表示方式。故选C。例3.2.3【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。along with 和；down to下行至；close to接近；out of从出来。 故选C。随堂练习随练3.1【答案】CACDD BBCCA【解析】这本讲述西方国家的孩子们是怎样赚零花钱的。他们小的时候通过帮父母洗碗来赚钱；长大一点后，他们通过卖报纸或者在快餐店打工赚钱。通过这样的方式，孩子们可以懂得钱来之不易，从而学会节约。1. 考查连词及语境的理解。本句句意：然而，在西方国家，大多数孩子都是靠自己赚零花钱的。AAlso“也，还”；BAnyway“无论如何”；CHowever“然而”；DBesides“除此之外”。上文提到中国孩子不会自己赚零花钱，而下文说到西方国家的大多数孩子都是靠自己赚取零花钱的。因此是转折关系，故选C。2. 考查名词及语境的理解。本句句意：他们有许多不同的方式可以赚钱。Aways“方式，方法”；Blevels“水平”；Chomes“家”；Dcountries“国家”。根据下文介绍赚钱的方式，可知本题答案。故选A。3. 考查名词及语境的理解。本句句意：孩子们也在家里帮助父母做家务来赚取零用钱。Ateachers“老师们”；Bfriends“朋友们”；Cparents“父母们”；Dneighbours“邻居们”。根据at home可知答案是父母。故选C。4. 考查动词及语境的理解。本句句意：当他们到16岁的时候，他们通过卖报纸或者在快餐店打工的方式赚钱。Aget“得到”；Bhave“有”；Ccatch“赶上，抓取”；Dreach“达到”。结合语意，故选D。5. 考查副词及语境的理解。本句句意：尤其在暑假期间。Areally“真地”；Bhardly“几乎不”；Cproperly“适当地”；Despecially“尤其”。上文提到孩子们赚钱的方式，尤其在暑假时会采取这种方式。故选D。6. 考查名词及语境的理解。本句句意：孩子们自己赚零花钱有很多好处。Achoices“选择”；Badvantages“优点”；Cproblems“问题”； Dlessons“课程”。根据后文介绍孩子们自己赚钱的好处，可知本题答案。故选B。7. 考查名词及语境的理解。本句句意：首先，他们通过努力工作懂得了钱的价值以至于就不会在浪费钱了。Afun“乐趣”；Bvalue“价值”；Cmessage“信息”；Dpurpose“目的”。结合语境，后半句提到学会不再浪费钱，因此就是懂得了钱的价值。故选B。8. 考查动词及语境的理解。本句句意：其次，他们学会用钱买有用的东西，比如：书，铅笔，电影，甚至是喜欢的衣服。Acount“数”；Bwaste“浪费”；Cmanage“设法”；Dchange“改变”。manage to do sth.“设法做某事，强调成