初中英语语法复习：宾语从句11单元OK.ppt

语法专项复习 -宾语从句 一、宾语从句的概念 宾语从句属于名词性从句， 在句中作主句的宾语。 （由一个 句子充当宾语） eg. I know the answer.(名词做宾语) I know that Tom gets the answer. (句子做宾语, 叫做宾语从句） 二、宾语从句三要素： 连 接 词 时 态 语 序 （一）连 接 词 1.连词that引导：作从句的原句是陈述句。 Eg:He told me that Mr.Smith was our new Chinese teacher. 2.if/ whether “是否”，用它引导从句， 说明 对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原 句为一般疑问句，选择疑问句或反意疑问 句。 Eg:She asked if you had had lunch. 3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时，用以下连接代 词和连接副词引导： what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how, why, how far, how long, how many, how much, how often 作用：连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子 成分，具有一定的意义。 eg:I didnt hear _he wanted me to do. I want to know _is that young man. Tom asked us_we would start the party. （二）语序：陈述句语序 （三）时态： 主现从任，主过从过 即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分） 永远都是陈述句语序, 宾语从句的标点符号由主句决定. e.g. He asked me who was the boy. ( ) He asked me who the boy was.( ) 2、当主句是过去时时，从句也要用过去的某个时态 Eg:She tells me that she made a mistake yesterday. Eg:She told me that she had many stamps. 1、一般要求宾语从句的时态要与主句时态保 持一致，但当主句是一般现在时时，从句可 根据情况使用任何时态 特殊情况： 1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现 象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 三、注意事项 (一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变： Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? (二)只能用whether不能用if的情况 1.在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前： They asked me whether to sit at the front. 3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择 时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中: We discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week. 6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句 用whether： Whether he is right or wrong is a question. The question was whether he went there last night. (三)用if不用whether的情况: 1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时： He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework. 2.引导条件状语从句，if意为“如果 ”时: Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 四、宾语从句转化为简单句 1.当主从句的主语一致时： 1) I dont know what I shall do next. I dont know what to do next. 2)John didnt decide which shirt he would buy. John didnt decide which shirt to buy. I dont know what I can say next. = I dont know what to say next. He doesnt where he can make a phone call.= He doesnt know where to make a phone call. 主句和从句的主语为同一人，宾语从句 可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示： 2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时，如果间 宾与从句（直宾）中的主语一致时： 1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station? Can you tell me how to get to the police station? 2)Please show me how I should start the recorder. Please show me how to start the recorder. 3.当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时，如果主句和从句的 主语 不一致，宾语从句可转化为 “名词（代词）+不定式”结构: The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 4.其他转换： 1)He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us. 2)We found that the box was very heavy. We found that the box very heavy. Exercise: 1._he will tell us _ he didnt take the money is still a question. A. if ;if B.whether; whether C. whether ;if D. if; whether 2.This is the room_ we lived in last year. 3.This is the room_