自考英语复习资料.doc

自考英语(一)复习资料第一章第一部分 词海拾趣1Success n . 成功I wish you success.Congratulations to you on your success.Succeed in doing something 成功的做成某件事If he succeeds in passing the university entrance examination, hell travel abroad. 分析下面这句话中succeed 的意思：A silence succeeded his words. (随后，接着)他说完话后，紧接着是一阵沉默。Successful adj. 成功的In a way, hes successful.Unsuccessful successfully(前后缀)2 Disagree with 不同意agree 同意agree with I couldnt agree with you more.I agree with what you said.agree to Do you agree to the plan ?agree on Finally they agreed on that point.( 补充dislike , unlike )3.statement 声明，陈述， 财务报表，财务结算表eg: Do you believe his statement? 你相信他说的话吗？I get a statement from the bank every month. 我每个月从银行收到一份财务结算表。（构词法 state statement , improve improvement ）4. guarantee n , v. 保证，担保，保修under guarantee 在保修期The watch is still under guarantee. 这块手表还在保修期。The TV set has a two-year guarantee. 这台电视保修两年。我们还可以说：The TV set is guaranteed for two years.I guarantee that youll enjoy yourself. 我保证你会玩的愉快。5Be similar to .与相似6 Inexactincompleteindependent ( differ, different)depend on依靠，取决于It depends.(意思是还没有确定，视情况而定)7. guesser teacher worker actor employer employee employment cooker8. clue 线索，迹象Have any clues been found? 是否找到了什么线索？（非正式用法not have a clue ,不懂，一无所知）-do you know what hes talking about? （你知道他在说什么吗？）-I dont have a clue .( 我什么都不知道)l9Conclusion n. 结论Be careful not to jump to conclusions.不要草率的下结论。In conclusion, Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying here.最后，我想说的是，我在这儿过的多么愉快。10On Purpose 故意的purposefully11.outline 轮廓，概要，大纲an outline of history 历史大纲v. 划出轮廓， 提出纲要， 略述The director outlined his plans for the companys future. 经理概述了公司未来的计划。第二部分：课文语言点剖析1. Learning a language is easy. 这句话中动名词短语learning a language作主语。又如：Seeing is believing .2.Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.试找出句子的主干：此句中who are learning a second language 是定语从句，用来修饰most adults.Would 的用法？3Hundred, thousand, million, billion 表确数时不用复数形式，表概数时加SEg: a hundred , three hundred , four million ,Hundreds ofThousands of Millions ofBillions of4.be different from与.不同be the same as.与.相同5Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.Who 引导了一定从，it 为形式宾语，真正宾语是后面不定式。6Language teachers often offer advice to language learners,注意offer 的用法：offer sb sth 或者 offer sth to sbadvice 是不可数名词，不能说an advice , 同样也没有词形变化，不能加S。听从某人建议，我们说take/follow ones advice7. practice speaking the language every day.Practice doing sthEveryday 与every day 的区别Everyday life 日常生活I watch TV every day. 我每天都看电视。8Learn as a child would learnAs 引导了一方式状语，像孩子那样。9.first of all 首先，第一secondly 其次finally 最后(阅读时要注意文章的topic sentence，一般在句首或者句尾)10.wait for ,look for / find11such /so 都翻译成如此，区别何在？看下面的短语，用such/so 填空。amanakindladyprettythecarpetkindaladybadweatherbeautifulpicture12.make a mistake 犯错误13.be willing to do sth 愿意做某事不愿做某事的表达方法：be unwilling to do sthbe reluctant to do sth14.when communication is difficult, they can accept the information that is inexact or incomplete.That 引导的定从修饰the informationInformation 为不可数名词15. Its more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.16. Learn from向.学习we should learn from each other.17. you have probably been learning independently, 本句用了现在完成进行时：have ( has) been doing表示从过去开始，一直持续现在仍在进行的动作。例如：It has been raining.18.on the one hand, 一方面on the other hand 另一方面19If your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.如果你的语言学习一直都不太成功，你不妨试试上面列出的一些技巧。Less than 是一固定格式，译为 不太.Eg:Were less than happy about the coming exam.我们不太高兴参加即将到来的这场考试。Outlined above 分词短语作定语后置20.Might do well to do sth,最好还是做 ,不妨做.可以与might do sth as well 互换使用，例如：you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.可以说成you might try some of the techniques outlined above as well.翻译下面的句子：He hasnt worked hard, he might give it up as well.You might do well to start early.第三部分 语法讲解（一）词类英语中词实词和虚词两类，其中实词有名词，代词，形容词，副词，动词，数词。虚词有介词，冠词，连词，感叹词。1 名词n名词是表示事物名称的词。有普通名词和抽象名词两类。参照课本第19页。考查重点在 名词的可数性上。名词还有可数和不可数之分。可数名词有单数和复数之分。可数名词复数变化规则： 词尾字母情况变化方法例词一般情况加-sbird-birds, desk-desks, hand-hands lake-lakes以ch , sh , s, x ,z加-eschurch-churches, dish-dishes class-classes box-boxes, quiz-quizzes辅音字母+y变y为i在加esfamily-families, baby- babies country-countries 以o结尾加-estomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes hero-heroes, volcano-volcanoes以f或fe结尾变f或者fe为v加esThief-thieves, wife-wives, half-halves leaf-leaves, Knife-knives, wolf-wolves, self-selves注：a.以元音字母+y结尾的名词，直接加-s, 如：play-plays, boy-boysb.以o结尾的名词，直接加-s,如：photo-photos, bamboo-bamboosc.以f 或者fe结尾，直接加-s,如：belief-beliefs, cliff-cliffs2.冠词article冠词有不定冠词(a, an) 和定冠词(the) 不定冠词用来修饰可数名词单数，表示一个，一件.,the 可以与可数名词连用，也可以与不可数名词连用，表特指。A用在辅音(音素 )开头的可数名词单数前边， an 用于元音（音素非字母）开头的可数名词单数前面。例如：A cake， a chance, a desk, a useful book, a university student, an hour, an honest man3 代词pron代词有人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，相互代词，指示代词，不定代词，疑问代词，关系代词等。1.人称代词：人称代词分为第一、第二和第三人称，每个人称有各自的主格和宾格形式第一人称： I （主格）-me（宾格）, we（主格）-us（宾格）第二人称： you（主格、宾格）第三人称： he（主格）-him(宾格)she (主格)- her (宾格)it (主格)- it (宾格)they (主格)- them（宾格）注：a).当I和其他名词或代词一起作并列主语时，I总放在最后。但是翻译的时候，汉语的习惯是我在前。如：Tom, John and I went to a party last night. 我和汤姆 ，约翰昨晚参加了一个派对。You and I 我和你You, he and I 你我他注：表示要承担责任时，应把I 提前，例如：I and Tony are to blame.2. 物主代词:物主代词分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词。 第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，必须和名词连用，不能单独使用；名词性的物主代词相当于名词，不能再与名词连用。名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：This is your book. Mine is on the desk. 这是你的书，我的在桌子上。（mine=my book）3反身代词： 第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfYourselfHimselfHerself Itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves4.相互代词：each other, one another5. 指示代词是用来指示人或事物的代词，如：this, these, that, those.如：We have no water .Thats our trouble.我们没有水了。这是我们的困难。注：指示代词this, that可在句中作状语，表示程度，相当于so .如：He said he couldnt walk that far.6疑问代词whos the girl in red?7关系代词Hes a professor who has lived here for 10 years.8 .不定代词:1).复合不定代词由every, some, any, no与-one,-body,-thing构成的代词。指人 指人 指物everyone everybody everythingsomeone somebody somethinganyone anybody anythingno one nobody nothing所有的不定代词都当作单数对待。如：No one wants to go there.Is everyone here?复合不定代词的定语后置，即形容词作复合不定代词的定语时要后置。如：I have something important to tell you .复合不定代词只具有名词性质，不能作定语。如：Nobody is late for the meeting .（复合不定代词nobody作主语）I know nothing about the accident.(复合代词nothing 作宾语)Thats nothing.没什么。（复合代词nothing作表语）2) 英语中的不定代词如：all, both, either, neither, little, a little, some, any , many, other , another等，多数都可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但no和every只具有形容词性质只能作定语，none只具有名词性质，不能作定语。如：Time waits for no man.时不我待。（no 作定语）Every room is bright.每个房间都很明亮。（every作定语）None of them has been to Paris.他们中没有一个去过巴黎。（none作主语，强调单一性，谓语用单数）None of them were aware of the danger.他们都没有意识到有危险。（none强调整体性，谓语用复数）3) .it 的用法1) 用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事务The frog is not a warm-blooded animal .Its a cold-blooded one.2) 用以代替指示代词Whats this? Its a flag.3) 起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物Whos knocking at the door? Its me.4) 指环境情况等Its noisy in the classroom.5) 指时间，天气，季节，距离等Its a long way to the factory.6) 做形式主语，形式宾语，如：Its not a good habit to stay up late.I found it difficult that I finished the task by myself.7) 用于强调结构It was he who broke the window.4.数词num根据表数量还是表顺序，数词分为基数词和序数词。5形容词adj形容词是用来修饰名词，表示名词属性的词，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。例如public relations a young man形容词和副词有原级，比较级，最高级三种形式1) 单音节词： 单词形式构成方式原级比较级最高级一般形式词尾加-er和-estsmallsmaller smallest以e结尾的词词尾只加-r和-stbravebraverbravest以一个元音+辅音结尾的词双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er和-estfatfatterfattest2) 双音节词：a) 以-y结尾的双音节形容词，要先把y变为i, 再加-er和-est.如pretty prettier- prettiestheavy-heavier-heaviestb) 其他绝大多数的双音节词是在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如： clever-more clever-the most clevergentle-more gentle-the most gentle注意：在英文中，几乎所有的双音节形容词，除了以-y结尾的词外，都可以加more 和the most 来构成比较级和最高级。3）多音节词三个或更多音节的词都是在其前加more和the most构成比较级和最高级的。如： interesting- more interesting- the most interesting4) 特殊形式的比较级和最高级：英文中有些形容词的比较级和最高级的变化是不规则的。如：原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/oldestlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostlatelater/latterlatest/last6副词adv副词是用来修饰动词，形容词或其他副词的。例如：He cant walk fast.1.副词比较级最高级的构成1)单音节及少数双音节的词在词为加-er和-est 构成比较级和最高级。如： hard- harder-hardestfast-faster-fastest2)大多数副词是在原形前面加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级，副词的最高级前可以加定冠词the,也可以不加。如：quickly-more quickly-most quicklycarefully-more carefully-most carefully3) 不规则的变化well-better-bestbadly-worse-worstl ittle-less-least7动词v动词有实意动词，系动词，情态动词和助动词几大类。动词的四种基本形式：原形，过去式，过去分词，现在分词8介词prep不能单独充当句子成分，介词短语可以充当多种成分。9连词conj连接词、短语、从句或句子的词，有并列连词和从属连词之分。10感叹词inter表达喜怒哀乐等感情的词。第四部分：巩固练习1Word spelling将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个词的词类和第一个字母以及用短线表示的其余字母数已给出。1. 语言 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _2. 成年人 n. a_ _ _ _3. 声明，陈述 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4. 保证 v. g_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5. 成功 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _6. 建议 n. a_ _ _ _ _7. 研究 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _8. 相似的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _9. 独立的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10. 解释 v. e_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _11. 线索 n. c_ _ _12. 结论 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _13. 交流 v. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14. 信息 n. i _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _15. 目的 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _16. 男服务员 n. w_ _ _ _ _ _17. 鹦鹉 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _18. 原始的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _19. 饭店 n. r_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _20. 啤酒 n. b_ _ _ _II. Vocabulary and Structure从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。1. Even hundreds of hours of study and practice will not _ success for everyadult language learner.A practice B offerC guarantee D communicate2. They want to learn the language because the _ the language and the people who speak it.A are interested in B are different fromC succeed inD offer advice to3.