备战2010届高考英语复习——虚拟语气(学案)学生版.doc

专题十一 虚拟语气【考纲解读】虚拟语气是高考考查的重点语法项目，虽然不是每套题都涉及，但在近几年的考题中也有不少出现。由于汉语中没有这种语法情况，对于以汉语为母语的我们来说有很大的理解难度。命题者在试题的有效信息方面越来越隐蔽，情景越来越生动，真实，考查的角度也越来越灵活。1、考纲要求 If条件句中的虚拟语气；含蓄条件中的虚拟语气；名词从句中的虚拟语气。 2、重点提示 了解虚拟语气的含义。着重掌握宾语从句中的虚拟，以及在if从句和主句中的语气的虚拟。 宾语从句中的虚拟可以分成两部分，一是wish的宾语从句，二是suggest，de mand，require，order等的宾语从句。 if从句和主句中的虚拟分成三个时间，表示过去、现在、将来。 【知识要点】虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，不表示客观存在的事实。 1.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 A. 表示与现在事实相反的假设 从句谓语动词用be动词过去式were，主句用“would/should+动词原形(也可以用could/ might)”。 If I were rich, I would buy that car. 如果我有钱，我就买那东辆车。 If I had a car, I should be very happy. 如果我有一辆车，我会很快乐。 If you asked him，he might tell you. 如果你问他，他会告诉你。 主句用“would(shouldcouldmight)+v.(原形)”。 If I were to go abroad, I would go to America 如果我出国的话，我就去美国。 If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. 如果我明天看到他的话，我就把你的便条给他。 If it should rain tomorrow, I might get lost. 假如明天下雨的话，我可能会迷路。 D.混合条件句，有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间，这时主、从句谓语动词 的虚拟语气形式必须因时间不同而不同。 If she hadnt trained so hard, she wouldnt be able to run so fast. 从句与过去事实相反；主句与现在事实相反。 如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话，她现在不可能跑那么快。 If he had died in the accident, he couldnt stand in front of you now. 如果他在那次事故中死去，他现在就不会站在你面前了。 E.如果条件句的从句部分含有系动词were或助动词should或had,有时可将if省 略,把were, should或had移到主语之前。 Were I you，I would get up early in the morning 我是你的话，我早晨就会早起。 Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train. 昨天你早到车站十分钟的话，就会赶上火车了。 Should it rain, the crops would be saved. 要是下雨的话，庄稼就会得救了。 动词有order, suggest, propose, require, demand，request, insist等。 It is orderde that the cloth (should) be woven right now. 据指示，现在就应纺织布料。 C.在句型order is that中表语从句的谓语动词应用”should+v(原形)”表虚 拟语气。 类似名词有：order, suggestion, request, proposal, requirement等。 Our suggestion is that the meeting should be held at once 我们的建议是会议应立刻举行。 His order is that the cloth (should) be woven right now 他的指示是立刻编织布料。 3.某些动词的宾语从句中的虚拟语气的用法 A.wish所带的宾语从句中的谓语动词必须用虚拟语气。 a表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式。 I wish that I had a car. 我希望我有一辆车。 b表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式或could+完成式。 I wished that I had known that. 要是我昨天知道那件事就好了。 c表示与将来事实可能相反的愿望，谓语动词用could/would+v(原形) I wish that I would/could go 但愿我能去。 注意： 我要求他到我的办公室。 He insisted that you(should) be seated there 他坚持让你坐在那儿。 注意： 当suggest不表示“建议”而是表示“暗示”“认为”“可能”“使人联想起”时，从句中 的谓语动词用陈述语气。 Her expression suggested(that) she was angry 她的表情暗示她生气了。 当insist不表示“坚持让某人做某事”的意思时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 He insisted that he was better(insist表“坚持说、坚持认为”) 他坚持说他很好。 4 虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的用法 含蓄条件句不是用条件句而是由介词短语（without没有，but for要不是），连词（but但是），副词（otherwise否则）等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况，例如： But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier. 要不是下暴风雨，我们早到了。 Without your mothers help we wouldnt have finished the work 没有你妈妈的帮忙，我们不可能完成这项工作。 5虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法 A.由as if/as though引导的状语从句中的谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式表虚拟语气。 He looks as if he were ill. 注意： as if从句虚拟语气动词的时态不受主句动词的支配，时态的确定有以下几种： 主、从句同时，从句用一般过去式。 He passed the soldiers as if he didnt exist 他走过哨兵，好像他不存在一般。 主、从句同时，且在进行，从句用过去进行时。 He heard a noise, as if someone were breathing 他听到一种声音，好像有人在呼吸。 从句先，主句后发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。 He spoke as though he had known it. 他说起话来好像他以前知道。 He looked as if he had been ill 他看上去像是生过病。 as if从句中表达的意思是真实的，要用陈述语气。 It looks as if it is going to rain 看上去仿佛要下雨了。（真的就要下雨） CIf only句型(要是该有多好啊) If only I could see him now 要是现在我能看到他该有多好啊。 If only I knew the answer 要是我知道答案就好了。 If only I hadnt lost it. 要是我没弄丢它就好了。 【考点诠释】考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： （2006年福建卷）If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldnt B.shouldnt C.cant D.might not 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如： （2008年全国卷）If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it _ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如： （2005年湖北卷）If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： （2008年山东卷）Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we _ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： （2002年上海卷）Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 解 （2005年江苏卷）Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what （2003年上海卷）Look at the trouble Im in，if only I _ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow C.had followed D.should follow 【高考链接】1.(09江苏)28. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 2.(09天津卷)15. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might3.(09浙江卷)13. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 4.（09福建）35. But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 5.（09安徽）34. But for their help，we the program in time.A. can not finish B. will not