EPA方法中各种溶液和样品的定义.doc

英文资料来源于EPA 方法502.2，根据笔者自己的理解进行翻译，不当之处，欢迎指正。3.1 Internal Standard (IS) - A pure analyte(s) added to a solution in known amount(s) and used to measure the relative responses of other method analytes and surrogates that are components of the same solution. The internal standard must be an analyte that is not a sample component.内标物（IS）将一个已知质量，样品中不含有杂质的纯物质，加入至待测样品溶液中，以此纯物质的量为标准，对比测定待测组分的含量，该纯物质称为内标物。内标物需满足下列要求：能完全溶解于样品中，且不与待测组分发生化学作用；峰位尽可能与待测组分的峰位靠近，但能与待测组分完全分开（分离度R1.5）的纯物质。若得不到纯品，必须预先测定其准确含量，且杂质峰不得干扰待测组分峰。内标物有时不易寻找是内标法的缺点。3.2 Surrogate Analyte (SA) - A pure analyte(s), which is extremely unlikely to be found in any sample, and which is added to a sample aliquot in known amount(s) before extraction and is measured with the same procedures used to measure other sample components. The purpose of a surrogate analyte is to monitor method performance with each sample.替代标准物（SA）某种在任何样品中都不会出现的分析物，加入已知量的该替代标准物到一份等分样品中（在提取前），和其他其他被分析物用同样的步骤测定。用于监测其回收率来评价整个前处理过程的有效性。3.3 Laboratory Duplicates (LD1 and LD2) - Two sample aliquots taken in the analytical laboratory and analyzed separately with identical procedures. Analyses of LD1 and LD2 give a measure of the precision associated with laboratory procedures, but not with sample collection, preservation, or storage procedures.实验室平行两份等分样品，分别在实验室中进行相同步骤的分析。对LD1和LD2的分析对实验室分析过程的精密度的评价，但是不包括样品的收集、保存和储存过程。3.4 Field Duplicates (FD1 and FD2) - Two separate samples collected at the same time and place under identical circumstances and treated exactly the same throughout field and laboratory procedures. Analyses of FD1 and FD2 give a measure of the precision associated with sample collection, preservation and storage, as well as with laboratory procedures.采样平行（FD1，FD2）两份在相同环境下同一时间同一地点独立采样的样品，并使用同样的当场处理和实验室处理。对FD1和FD2的分析评价采样过程、保存和储存过程以及实验室分析过程的精密度。3.5 Laboratory Reagent Blank (LRB) - An aliquot of reagent water that is treated exactly as a sample including exposure to all glassware, equipment, solvents, reagents, internal standards, and surrogates that are used with other samples. The LRB is used to determine if method analytes or other interferences are present in the laboratory environment, the reagents, or the apparatus.实验室试剂空白（LRB）一份试剂水用和样品相同的方法进行处理，包括暴露于玻璃容器，仪器，溶剂，试剂，内标物，替代标准物等，用于确定方法分析物或其他干扰因素是否存在于实验室环境、试剂和仪器中。3.6 Field Reagent Blank (FRB) - Reagent water placed in a sample container in the laboratory and treated as a sample in all respects, including exposure to sampling site conditions, storage, preservation and all analytical procedures. The purpose of the FRB is to determine if method analytes or other interferences are present in the field environment.采样试剂空白（FRB）试剂水在实验室置于采样容器中，和其他样品 用相同方法处理，包括暴露于采样环境中，储存，保存和其他分析过程。用于确定方法分析物或其他干扰因素是否存在于采样环境中。3.7 Laboratory Performance Check Solution (LPC) - A solution of method analytes, surrogate compounds, and internal standards used to evaluate the performance of the instrument system with respect to a defined set of method criteria.实验室柱效检测溶液（LPC）包括方法分析物，替代标准舞和内标的溶液，用于评价仪器系统的情况是否符合方法要求。3.8 Laboratory Fortified Blank (LFB) - An aliquot of reagent water to which known quantities of the method analytes are added in the laboratory. The LFB is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is to determine whether the methodology is in control, and whether the laboratory is capable of making accurate and precise measurements at the required method detection limit.实验室强化空白（LFB）一份等分试剂水，在实验室中被添加已知量的方法分析物。LFB和样品一样进行分析，目的是为了确定方法学是否处于受控状态，此实验室是否能够在此方法的检测限下做出准确和精密的分析。3.9 Laboratory Fortified Sample Matrix (LFM) - An aliquot of an environmental sample to which known quantities of the method analytes are added in the laboratory. The LFM is analyzed exactly like a sample, and its purpose is to determine whether the sample matrix contributes bias to the analytical results. The background concentrations of the analytes in the sample matrix must be determined in a separate aliquot and the measured values in the LFM corrected for background concentrations.实验室强化样品基质（LFM）一份等分环境样品，在实验室中被添加已知量的方法分析物。LFM和样品一样进行分析，目的是为了确定样品基质对分析结果的影响。在样品基质中分析物的背景值能够从一份独立的样品和LFM的检测值的修正来确定。3.10 Stock Standard Solution - A concentrated solution containing a single certified standard that is a method analyte, or a concentrated solution of a single analyte prepared in the laboratory with an assayed reference compound. Stock standard solutions are used to prepare primary dilution standards.储备标准溶液含有一定浓度的单个方法分析物的溶液，其浓度值是经过确认的（指直接购买的）；或是在实验室中用经过确认的标准品配制成一定浓度的单个方法分析物的溶液（实验室自己配制）。储备标准溶液是用于配制第一稀释标准溶液。3.11 Primary Dilution Standard Solution (PDS) - A solution of several analytes prepared in the laboratory from stock standard solutions and diluted as needed to prepare calibration solutions and other needed analyte solutions.第一稀释标准溶液（PDS）在实验室中由储存标准溶液配制的含有多种方法分析物的标准溶液，可以根据需要配制成校准溶液或其他所需分析物溶液。3.12 Calibration Standard (CAL) - A solution prepared from the primary dilution standard solution and stock standard solutions of the internal standards and surrogate analytes. The CAL solutions are used to calibrate the instrument response with respect to analyte concentration.校正曲线标准溶液（CAL）从第一稀释溶液或内标物和替代标准物的储存溶液配制的溶液。校正曲线标准溶液用于制作仪器相应和分析物浓度相关的标准曲线。3.13 Quality Control Sample (QCS) - A sample matrix containing method analytes or a solution of method analytes in a water miscible solvent which is used to fortify reagent water or environmental samples. The QCS is obtained from a source external to the laboratory, and is used to check laboratory performance with externally prepared test materials.质量控制样品（QCS）一份包含了方法分析物的基质样品；或