存在句确指限制确指名词词组语境受话者新信息论文.doc

存在句论文：基于受话者新信息理论的英语存在句中确指名词词组研究【中文摘要】英语存在句是英语常用句型之一,广泛应用于英语口语和书面语中。这一句型长期受到语言学界的关注。存在句中的确指限制引起了许多语言学家的兴趣并成为他们争论的焦点。在以前的研究中,语言学家们从句法、语义学、语用学等不通角度对这一现象进行了研究。虽然一些学者已经在这一领域取得了较大的成果,但最终都未能得出很具有说服力的结论。语义学家、句法学家只从句子的层次上对确指名词词组限制作了解释,忽略了语境环境的影响;语用学家又不能解释一些不符语法规则的信息结构的存在。这三种角度都太片面,不具概括性。本文主要通过讨论英语存在句中六种确指名词词组的运用,从受话者新信息的角度分析存句中的确指名词词组。与以前的研究相比,本研究更系统。这是因为本研究关注到了确指名词词组在英语存在句中的几种使用情况,包括带定冠词的名词词组、带指示词的名词词组、带所有格的名词词组、人称代词、专有名词和表示“所有”、“每个”含义的量词词组。本文进一步用受话者信息理论分析了语境存在句、类别存在句、提醒存在句、列举存在句以及部分存在句中上述确指名词词组的合理存在。本研究较以前的研究更深入。因为本文研究运用大量的例子例证了存在句中可以出现确指.【英文摘要】As one of the most common sentence patterns, existential-there sentences are widely used in both written and spoken English. This kind of sentence pattern always receives concern from linguists.Definiteness restriction of existential-there sentences arouses the interest of many linguists. In previous researches, linguists tried to explain this language phenomenon from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Although they have achieved a lot, a satisfactory explanation has not been given yet. Sem.【关键词】存在句 确指限制 确指名词词组 语境 受话者新信息【英文关键词】existential-there sentence definiteness restriction definite noun phrase (DNP) discourse hearer-new information【目录】基于受话者新信息理论的英语存在句中确指名词词组研究ABSTRACT5-6摘要7-10Chapter 1 Introduction10-131.1 The Background of this Thesis10-111.2 The Objective of this Thesis111.3 The Layout of the Thesis11-13Chapter 2 Literature Review13-202.1 The Syntactic Approach13-142.2 The Semantic Approach14-162.3 The Pragmatic Approach16-182.4 Summary18-20Chapter 3 Theoretical Basis20-283.1 Basic Concepts20-243.1.1 Existential-There Sentence20-233.1.2 Definite Noun Phrases (DNPs)23-243.2 Discourse and Hearer-New Information24-273.2.1 New to the Discourse and New to the Hearer253.2.2 Hearer-New Information25-273.3 Summary27-28Chapter 4 Six Kinds of DNPs in Existential-There Sentences28-364.1 Determiner+N28-314.1.1 The+Adjective+N28-314.1.1.1 The+Ordinal+N28-294.1.1.2 The+Post-Deictic Adjective+N294.1.1.3 The+Superlative+N29-314.1.2 The+N314.2 Demonstrative+N31-324.3 Possessive+N32-334.4 Personal Pronouns334.5 Proper Nouns33-344.6 Universal quantifier+N34-354.7 Summary35-36Chapter 5 DNPs in Five Types of Existential-There Sentences36-465.1 DNPs in Contextualized Existential-There Sentences36-385.2 DNPs in Kind Existential-There Sentences38-405.3 DNPs in Reminder Existential-There Sentences40-415.4 DNPs in List Existential-There Sentences41-435