八年级英语下册unit2illhelptocleanupthecityparks课件（新版）人教新目标版

Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.,Part : Text Review & Knowledge Test Part : Key Words, Phrases & Sentences Part : Grammar Focus,Part : Text Review & Knowledge Test,The value of life is not what you gain, but what you give.,Chinese Young Volunteers Association The Date: 5th March Established: 5th 12, 1994 The Structure: A handhelp A heartlove and care A dovepeace A letterY stands for youth,International Day of Disabled Persons The Date: 3rd, December Established: 13th October, 1992 Themes: “Making information technologies work for all“(2000) “Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Action in Development“(2005) “Keeping the promise: Mainstreaming disability in the Millennium Development Goals towards 2015 and beyond“(2010),A candle lights others and consumes itself.,Other ways we could help people： a. Help young kids to learn English. b. Help the old to go across the road c. Give our old books to “Hope School”,A: Id like to/hope to. B: You could. A: I hope to work outside. B: You could help to clean up the city parks.,e.g. 1. I ran out of my money after I bought a computer. 2. The twin brothers take after each other. 3. Mike helped me fix up my bike. 4. I gave away my bike to a childrens home.,Volunteer Work Working in an old peoples home; Helping kids in an after-school program; Being a guide at a museum; .,Answer Id like to/Im interested in/I want to volunteer as Im good at/Im strong in/In my free time. I like to so I think Id be good at this job. I want to help out as a volunteer in your old peoples home/school/museum because,Ask Which volunteer job do you want to do? What are your interests and hobbies? How can these help you to do the job? Why do you want to do the volunteer? When are you free to do the job? Im free to help in/on,Part : Key Words, Phrases & Sentences,Extension: Parts of Speech(词性),1. volunteer n.志愿者 volunteer v.义务做；自愿做 volunteer to do 志愿效劳;主动贡献 He volunteers to visit the sick children in hospital every weekend. We need some volunteers to help clean up city streets.,2. call up给打电话 Extension: “打电话”的其他常见说法 (1)give sb. a call=make a phone call They were giving their teacher a call when I got there. 我到那时，他们正在给他们的老师打电话。 (2)ring up Did you ring up your father last week? 上周你给你的父亲打电话了吗？,(3)give sb. a ring Do you know who gave Lily a ring an hour ago? 你知道1小时前谁给莉莉打电话了吗? (4)telephone/phone (to) Will you please telephone to the policeman? 请你给警察打个电话好吗？ (5) telephone/phone sb. up Telephone me up as soon as you arrive in L.A 你一到洛杉矶就给我打电话。,Notice call up, ring up和telephone/phone sb. up 等是由“v.+sb.+adv.”构成的词组，如果它们的宾语是pron.，该词只能放在副词之前。 Please call him up at once, please! 请马上给他打电话。,3. bring/take/carry/fetch/get拿；取 (1)bring带来；拿来。指把人或物从别处带到说话人所在的地方。 Please bring the homework to me tomorrow. 明天请把作业给我带来。 (2)take拿走；取。指把人或物从说话人所在地带到别处去。 Take an umbrella with you, please. 请随身带把伞。 (3)carry负重。无方向性， 一般指随身携带（通过手提、肩扛等）。,(4)fetch指从说话者所在地到别处去把人或物带回来。 (5)get=fetch, 但更口语化。,Practice The basket is so full that I cant _ it. A. bring B. carry C.get D. take,B,4. cheer up(使)变得更高兴;振奋 （v.+adv.） cheers c.n.干杯；欢呼 cheer on 打气；加油 cheer sb. up=make sb. happy使某人高兴,Practice 1. You could visit _children in the hospital and _ them _. A. ill; set, up B. sick; clean, up C. sick; cheer, up 2. He looks sad. Lets _ him _. A. cheer, up B. put, up C. set up D. call, up 3. He looks unhappy today. Lets _. A. cheer him up B. help out him C. look him after D. argue with him,C,A,A,5. I repaired it.我把它修好了。 repair v.修理；修复 (1)repair的对象范围很广，从房屋、道路、机器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。 Who has repaired the broken leg of the table? 谁把桌子的断腿修好了？ (2)mend意为恢复某物原来的样子(包括用针、线来缝补)，一般指较小之物。 This shirt is too old to mend. 这件衣服太旧不能补了。,(3) fix v.安装；使固定。指重调物体的结构、把松散的部件固定结实、将分离的物体各部分装配起来。用于美国口语中，与repair无多大区别。fix up=mend/repair修理；修补。 Can you fix the broken chair? 你能修理那把坏了的椅子吗? He put on his gloves and repaired the truck. 他戴上手套开始修卡车。,Practice 1. 叔叔业余时间修理旧电脑。 Uncle _ old computers in his spare time. 2. 你能帮我修补一下衬衣吗? Can you help me _ my shirt? 3. 我的自行车坏了，你能帮我修理它吗? My bike is broken. Could you _ it for me? 4. Where is Frank now? He _ his bike in the yard. A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up 5. My bike is broken. Could you help me to _? A. fix it up B. set it up C. make it up D. put it up,fixes up,mend/repair,repair,C,A,6. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 来自河畔高中的马里奥格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。 give up放弃 give up doing sth.=stop doing sth.放弃做某事 I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up.=I want to give up learning English because its too difficult to learn well. Extension,give away赠送；捐赠 give sth.back to sb.=return sth. to sb.归还某人某物 give off放出；释放 give out=hand out分发；散发 give out sth. to sb.分给某人 give a lecture/lessons/message/speech/talk 作讲座/上课/留口信、发表演讲/作报告 give sb. a call/a chance 给打电话/给一次机会 give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人；助某人一臂之力,Practice 1. You shouldnt _ your hope. Everything will better. A. give up B. fix up C. cheer up D. put up 2. We have raised some books. Well _ to the poor children. A. put them up B. give them away C. gave them away D. put out them 3. Many social workers went to Yaan to help _ clean water and food to local people to reduce their pain from the earthquake. A. put out B. come out C. work out D. give out,A,B,D,7. help out帮助； 帮助出来 help sb. out=help sb. solve the problem使某人脱离困境 help sb. with sth.帮助某人（做）某事,Practice He _ plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area _. A. put out; to work out well B. handed out; help them out C. gave out; work out well D. gave away; to help them out,D,8. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。 (1)sick adj.生病的；既可放be（系动词）后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。be sick of讨厌；厌恶。 (2)ill adj. 生病的，只能放be（系动词）后作表语（不能作定语）；当表示“坏的；恶劣的”时也可以作定语，如an ill thief。be ill in hospital生病住院。 illillness n.病；疾病。,His father was sick yesterday, so he didnt go to work. 他的父亲昨天病了,因此他没有去上班。 Tom has looked after the sick girl for a week. 汤姆照顾那个生病的小女孩已经一星期了。,9. Im sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. 我肯定你知道这个组织的成立是为了帮助像我这样的残疾人。 (1)be sure+of/about doing sth.确信；对有把握 接n.时，be sure of侧重指主语对某抽象事物的确信无疑；be sure about则侧重指主语对某具体事物的确信无疑。 (2)be sure to do sth.表示说话人对主语作出的判断：某人“必定”、 “必然会”、“准会”做某事。 (3)be sure+clause，表示主语对宾语从句中涉及的事物所作出的判断：确信某事一定会。,Im sure of his honesty. 我肯定他是诚实的。 It is sure to rain. 天一定会下雨。 We are sure he will make great progress this term. 我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步。,Extension make sure 确定；核实；查证。常用于祈使句，后面常接that宾语从句或of介词短语。 make sure+that从句：弄明白；确信 make sure+of+pron./n.：弄明白；确信 Make sure of his coming before you set off. 出发之前要确定他是否来。 I make sure(that) he would come. 我确信他会来。,10. set up=establish=build=start(v.+adv.) 建立；设立 set off出发 set about doing sth.着手去做某事,Practice 1. The primary school _ in 1995 with the hope of young people. A. was set up B. was put up C. was found 2. We have _ some organizations to help the poor students in the western areas of China. A. taken up B. put up C. picked up D. set up 3. When are you going to _ for Shanghai? Tomorrow morning. A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off,A,D,D,11. in the hospital & in hospital in the hospital在医院。指人在医院里，也许是在医院上班，也许是到医院看望病人等。 in hospital在医院；住院。指生病住院。 Extension: in the bed，在床上，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上； in bed指躺在床上。 My grandfather was ill in hospital last week. Im sorry to hear that.,12. come up with提出 想出= think up/of 想出 think about考虑 think over仔细考虑 Think before you act.三思而后行 We need come up with a plan. Extension end up with结束；以而结束 catch up with赶上；追上 keep up with跟上；保持联系 put up with容忍；忍得住,Practice 1. We need _(想出) a plan. 2. My mother _ a good idea which we all agreed to. A. thought about B. thought up C. came up 3. It is too noisy here. I cant stand it. Me, too. We have to _ new ways to solve the problem. A. catch up with B. keep up with C. come up with,come up with,B,C,13. put off (doing) sth.推迟（或拖延）（做）某事 put up张贴；举起 They had to put off (having) the sports meeting because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨他们不得不推迟举行运动会。 Lets put up the picture on the wall. 咱们把这幅画贴在墙上吧。,Practice 1. Here are some signs saying “No smoking“. Lets _ _ _ on the wall. 这儿是一些“禁止吸烟”的标识。咱们把它们贴到墙上吧。 2. They had to _ the tent before it was dark. A. pick up B. look up C. get up D. put up,put them up,D,14. work out解决；完成(如期）发生；进展(顺利)想出；得到（解决方法）；解答（或计算出）=figure out The idea works out well. 那个主意的实施结果很好。 Can you work out the answer to this question? 你能想出这个问题的答案吗？,Practice 1. The plan that you came up with _ _ _ and I have solved the problem. 你想的那个计划很有用, 我现在已经解决了困难。 2. First of all, we need to _ how much the trip will cost. A. give out B. work out C. take out D. put out,B,worked out fine,15. for example，一般只以同类事物或人中的一个为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。 such as，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，可以和and so on 连用。 For example, he is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。 Boys such as John and James are very friendly. 像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。,16. I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。 can do sth.=be able to do sth.= Its possible for sb. to do sth.能做某事 Lucy was able to read story book at the age of four. They will be able to finish the work tomorrow. =It is possible for them to finish the work tomorrow. Contrast,17. take after =be similar to 在（外貌、性格等方面）与（父母）相像 look like（在外貌上）与相像 Extension take away拿走 take back收回；接回 take care小心 take care of照顾 take down写下 take place发生 take off 脱下；起飞 take up占去（时间或间） take out 拿出,Practice 1. Do you _ after your mother or your father? My father.We both have big eyes. A. look B. take C. be similar D. run 2. The girl _ the woman. Maybe she is her daughter. A. take care B. takes after C. takes off D. look after 3. Tom _ his father, because they both are cheerful and easy-going. A. looks like B. takes after C. doesnt take after D. isnt like,A,B,B,18. You could help to clean up the city parks. (1)could 是情态动词can的过去式，表过去的能力。它没有人称和数的变化，后接v.原。变否定句在could后加not, 变一般疑问句把could提前。 The boy could ride a bike when he was seven. 这个男孩七岁时就会骑自行车。 Could you speak Japanese the year before last year? 前年你会讲日语吗？ (2)动词help后可以接动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，这时不定式的标志to可以省略也可以保留，即：help sb. (to) do sth.,Extension help sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事。 help oneself (to )自用（食物等） help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难 with the help of=with sb.s help在帮助下 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 Cant help doing情不自禁做某事,Practice 1. 有人能帮我吗? Is there anybody who can _ _? 2. 你能帮忙打开窗子吗? Could you _ _ _ the window? 3. 谢谢你帮助我学英语。 Thank you for _ _ _ my English. 4. Mary is so _. She comes to you whenever youre in trouble. A. useful B. careful C. thankful D. helpful,help me,help to open,helping me with,D,Summary,19. You could help to clean up the city parks. (1)clean adj.清洁的；干净的 v.清洁；打扫 clean-up n.打扫；清洁 clean up 打扫清洁或收拾整齐，整理 clean out 打扫某物内部（如房间、抽屉、箱子等） Its time for you to clean up the kitchen. I will help you to clean the school. Tomorrow is clean-up day.,(2)Notice 在某些情况下，could 并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。其肯定答语用Sure./Certainly./All right.等；否定答语用Sorry./Sorry, I cant.等。 A: Could you tell me if he is a student? 你能告诉我他是不是学生吗？ B: Sure./Sorry, I cant. Because I dont know him. 当然可以。/抱歉，我不认识他。,Practice 1. Your bedroom is too dirty, please _. A. clean it up B. clean up it C. set it up 2. He helps _ the classroom. A.cleans up B. cleaning up C. clean up,A,C,20. I hope to work outside. 我希望在外面工作。 hope v./n.希望；期望 hope to do sth.希望做某事 Notice hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hope to do sth.，但不可以表达为hope sb. to do sth.。 I hope to see my pen pal, Lucy. 我希望见到我的笔友露西。 Contrast: hope & wish,Practice 1. The volunteers hope _ something for the poor children in the Western areas. A. to do B. doing C. did D. do 2. I _ you to find a good job soon. A. hope B. wish C. hopes D. wishes,A,B,21. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. it在句中作make的形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式to have Lucky。 it还可作形式主语，真正的主语置于句尾。 I find it necessary for us to learn English well. 我发现学好英语对我们来说很有必要。 It is so nice to see you. 见到你真高兴。,22.Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。 (1)alone=by oneself adj.单独的。指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。 He often walks alone to home. (2)lonely指人“孤独的；寂寞的”，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方是荒凉的。,Practice 1. His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _. A. lonely; alone B. alone; lonely C. lonely; lonely D. alone; alone 2. My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily,B,A,23. come true实现 If we Chinese work hard together, China Dream will come true. Contrast: achieve & come true,Extension: the phrases related with “come“ come and go来来回回 come back 回来 come from来自 come in进来 come out出来；出版 come on加油；快点 come over顺便来访 come up with想出,Practice 1. Scientists are trying their best to _ ways to treat the terrible disease called H7N9. A. come up with B. look forward to C. talk about D. give up 2. The great writer has written many stories for children. It is said that a new one will _ at the end of this month. A. go out B. come out C. look out D. run out,A,B,Part : Grammar Focus Infinitives, phrasal verbs,1. Infinitives (1)动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“todo(v.原)”，其中to不是介词（有时可不带to），而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词。 (2)动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 (3)否定形式：not+动词不定式,(4)句法作用 动词不定式仍保留动词的特点, 即可以有自己的宾语和状语。具有名词、形容词和副词的特征。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。不定式短语在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。,a. 用作宾语 (v.+to do ) I want to buy a computer. need, agree, plan, decide, refuse, begin, start, try, forget, remember, like, stop, go on, want, learn, fail, pretend, demand+to do,b. 用作宾语补足语(v.+sb.+to do)表示宾语所做的动作 She asked me to help her. tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help, get, order, find, would like, wish, suppose, teach, depend on+sb.+to do Notice: 省略to 有两类动词：一类是感官动词，如see, hear, watch, feel, notice等；另一类是某些使役动词，如let, make, have等。特殊一类是可省可不省的，如help sb. (to) do sth.。 Let me do it. I saw him cross the street.,c. 用作状语(adverbial)：目的、结果、原因 He came to show me his new CD player.(目的) The boy was too frightened to move.(结果) d.用作主语(可用形式主语it将其替换) To say is easy, to do is difficult. It is easy to say, it is difficult to do.,e. 用作表语 His work is to feed the animals. My wish is to be a scientist. f. 用作定语:不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。不能省略vi.的介词 Give me something to drink. He asked for a room to live in.,(5)疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how+to do可构成不定式短语, 在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 “特殊疑问词+不定式” 与“wh-从句”的转换，只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致），并将不定式改成“should+v.原做谓语。,When to start has not been decided.(S) I dont know what to do.(O) He can tell you where to get the book.(OC) The question is who(m) to ask.(P) I dont know how to solve the problem.= I dont know how I should solve the problem.,Notice 1. 动词不定式(或短语)作主语或宾语时常用it作形式主语或形式宾语, 而动词不定式(或短语)放置于后面。 2. 不定式作定语时, 若动词为不及物动词, 则须有相应的介词。 He has no chair to sit on. 他没有椅子坐。,3. 将主动语态变为被动语态时, 作宾语补足语的动词不定式变为主语补足语, 动词不定式则不省“to”。 Sometimes the boss made him work ten hours a day.=Sometimes he was made to work ten hours a day by his boss. 有时老板让他一天工作十个小时。,Practice . Fill the given words in the blanks with proper form. 1. Its important for us _(have) a healthy lifestyle. 2. My wish is _(become) a reporter. 3. Dont forget _(lock) the door when you leave. 4. Would you like _(go) and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 5. I often hear the girl _(play) the piano in the next room.,to have,to become,to lock,to go,play,. Choose the best answer from the given choices. 1. It is time for us _ the meeting. A. had B. to have C. having D. have 2. I need a piece of paper _. A. to write B. to write it C. write on D. to write on 3. Which dress do you like best, Madam? Sorry, I cant decide _ now. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which one to buy D. which I should buy it.,B,D,C,2. Phrasal verbs 动词之后加介词或副词构成短语，构成一个固定词组，表达一种特定的含义，称为短语动词。可看成一个整体, 相当于一个单独的动词；如果被拆开则不能表达这种特定的含义。它可分为及物短语动词和不及物短语动词。,(1)v.+prep.(=vt.) 后接宾语，可接n.、pron.、v.-ing作其宾语。且宾语无论是何种形式，该n.、pron.、v.-ing一律放在介词后面。 agree with同意 a