should的用法汇总有口语.doc

should属于情态动词，后面接动词原形，意为“应该”，表示主观看法：也可以表示建议、劝告等。可用于各种人称。should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富，因而一直是历年高考关注的热点，大学阶段的英语学习中也常常遇到这个词，尤其是在写作当中使用更加频繁。现将其具体用法分述如下：一、 should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式，可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配，表示过去将来时间。例如The group leader announced that we should （= would ） begin to work soon.小组长宣布：我们不久就开始工作。A week ago， I told him that I should （= would） go to Beijing the next day.一个星期以前，我告诉他我第二天就去北京。二、 should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用。例如：You should （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time.你们应该按时做完你们的实验。You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once.你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。In sum， theory should be combined with practice.总之，理论应该与实验相结合。三、should 作为情态动词，可以用在条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一”、“竟然”，这时也可将 should 置于从句之首，即将 should 放在主语前面，而省略从属连词 if .例如：If you should fail to come， ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. （= Should you fail to come， ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ） 万一你来不了，就叫陈夫人代替你。If anyone should come， say I am not at home. （= Should anyone come， say I am not at home. ） 万一有人来访，就说我不在家。If it should rain tomorrow， I wouldnt go. （= Should it rain tomorrow， I wouldnt go.）万一明天天下雨，我就不去了。四、 should 作为情态动词，可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意，译为“可”、“倒”。例如：I should say that it would be better to try it again.我倒是认为最好再试一试。You are mistaken， I should say. 据我看，你搞错了。He should expect their basketball team to win the match.他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。Should you like some tea ？ 你可喜欢喝茶？五、 should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why， who， how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如：How should I know it ？ 我怎么会知道这件事？Why should you be so late today ？ 你今天怎么来得这么晚？When I went out， whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ！ 当我出去时，想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李！I dont see any reason why he shouldnt be happy.我不明白为什么他居然不愉快。六、 should 作为情态动词，可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论，通常译为“可能”、“总该吧”，相当于 be expected to .例如：They should be home by now， I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧。The report was written after a careful investigation， so it should be reliable.这份报告是经过周密调查后才写成的，所以应该是可靠的。七、 should 作为情态动词，用在由 so that， for fear that， lest 引导的目的状语从句和 in case （that） 引导的条件状语从句中，有“能够”、“可能”、“会”之意。例如：They got up early so that they should （= could/ might） catch the first bus in time.他们起得很早以便能及时赶上头班公交车。He is working hared for fear that he should fall behind others.他努力工作，唯恐落在别人后面。We went over the document again and again lest we should miss any of the main points.我们把文件看了一遍又一遍，唯恐忽略了其中的什么要点。He took an umbrella in case （that） it should rain.他带了一把雨伞，以防天下雨。八、 should 作为情态动词，可以用于下列虚拟语气句中：1. 用在表示与将来事实相反的条件状语从句中，构成“ If should （do sth）， would/ could/ might （do sth.） ”句式。例如：If it should （或 were to ） rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off. （= Should it rain tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow， the sports meeting would be put off.）如果明天天下雨，运动会就会延期举行。2. 用在 suggest （propose）， arrange， plan， decide， advise， order， demand， request， desire， insist 等表示“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“决定”、“安排”、“计划”、“主张”的动词后面接的宾语从句中。这里的 should 也可以省略。例如：He suggested/ proposed/ demanded/ advised that they （should） read the rules carefully.他建议 / 提议 / 要求 / 劝告他们要仔细阅读这些规则。The doctor ordered that she （should） stay in bed for another week.医生嘱咐她再卧床休息一个星期。He insisted that we （should ）take up the matter at the meeting.他坚持要我们在会上提出这个问题。3. 用在“ It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed/ decided ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中， should 也可以省略。例如：It is requested that Miss Yang （should） give a performance at the party.人们要求杨小姐在聚会上表演一个节目。It has been arranged （planned） that they （should） leave the following week.已经安排（计划）让他们下星期动身。It has been decided that the meeting （should） be postponed till next Saturday.已经决定会议推迟到下周六举行。用在 suggestion， motion， proposal， order， plan， idea， advice， request， decision， requiry 等名词后面接的表语从句或同位语从句中， should 也可以省略。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion （proposal） that we （should） go to Nanjing for a visit.我们都同意他提出的要我们到南京去游览的建议。（ should 用于同位语从句中）My idea/ motion/ advice/ is that we （should） do more eye exercises every day.我的意见是我们每天应该多做眼保健操。（ should 用于表语从句中）5. 用在“ It is / was necessary/ important/ strange/ incredible ”或“ It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder ”之后由 that 引导的主语从句中， should 有“应该”、“必须”、“竟然”、“居然”之意。例如：It is necessary that he （should） be sent there at once. 有必要马上派他到那里去。It is strange that the wheel should turn so slowly.真奇怪，这个轮子竟然转动得如此之慢。It is a great pity/ shame/ that he should be so conceited.真遗憾，他竟会这样自高自大。九 . “ should have + - ed 分词”结构用来表达下述意义：1. 表示“应该已经”，“本来应该”，即过去该做某事但实际没有做，其否定式“ shouldnt have + - ed 分词”意为“本来不应该”。例如：These cells should have been kept in somedry places. 这些电池本来应该放（保存）在干燥的地方。（但实际上没有把它们放在干燥的地方。）You shouldnt have dept those cells in the damp place. 你本来不该把那些电池放在潮湿的地方。（但实际上已经把它们放到潮湿的地方了。）2. 表示“（估计）应该已经”，“大概已经”，即对过去情况的推测。例如：They left at nine， so they should have arrived （= probably have arrived） home by now.他们是九点钟走的，现在应该已经到家了。They should have finished their work， for they began to do it so early.他们很早就开始工作，现在大概已经干完了。3. 意为“竟然已经”，“居然已经”，即表示说话人对已经出现的事态感到“惊奇、惊喜、怀疑”。例如：Im surprised that he should have been so foolish. 我很奇怪，他竟然会这么傻。Im amazed that Mr Harris should have said nothing about the matter.这件事，哈里斯先生竟然只字未提，对此我大为惊异。It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much these years.这几年你竟然取得如此大的成就，你真了不起。此外， should 还可以出现在“ should be doing sth ”或“ should have been doing sth ”等句式中，表示“应该正在”或表示说话人的某种不满情绪。例如：Why should we be sitting here doing nothing？ 我们干嘛坐在这里闲着？You should be wearing a mask. 你应当戴着口罩。She shouldnt be working like that. She is still so weak.她不应当那样干。她身体还很虚弱。You should have been waiting for us. Why havent you？ 你应当等着我们的。怎么没有等？情态动词should和can ，may ，must一样，没有人称和数的变化，有词意，但都不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词原形一起构成谓语。基本意思是“应当，应该”，常用来表示建议或命令等。如：You should work harder. 你应该更努力地工作。否定式和疑问式的构成与can ，may ，must一样。如：You shouldnt play soccer in the street. 你们不应该在街上踢足球。Who should pay the taxi driver? 谁应该付出租车钱？注意：常用句型You should /shouldnt do sth 表示“建议某人（不）做某事”。其他表示“建议”的句型还有：Why not do sth? /Why dont you do sth? /How about doing sth? /What about doing sth? /Its a good idea to do sth /Youd better do sth等。should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 should推荐信息 英语六级情态动词shall的用法 2011年英语六级考试词汇 A-Z 2011英语六级词汇记忆技巧 大学英语六级听力高频词（用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。）1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事You shouldnt come to such a decision hastily .你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。You should write to your parents at least once a month .你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。We should read English aloud every morning .我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。 【外语教育&网】They should do it for their own good .为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。2）表示对某种情况的估计She shouldnt be out in such an early morning .她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices .人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。This book should be published in two months at most .这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。Why should I pay him for nothing ？ 我干吗要无为地付给他钱？It seems so unfair that this should happen to me .这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。Its strange that it should be so cold today .奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。4）用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized .大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。If it had not been for the doctors care the girl should not be speaking to you now .要不是由于大夫的精心照料,这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。She stood away so that he should enter the room first .她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房间。Ill write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain .带上雨伞,以防万一下雨。should have done 的用法should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如：He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了。The letter should have arrived by now. 信现在该到了。The train should have already left. 火车大概已经开走了吧。I cant think why he should have been so angry. 我想不通他怎么会这样生气。用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。George never should have joined the army. 乔治本来就不该参军的。You should have told me you were coming. 你该事先告诉我你要来呀。You should have writtenI was getting worried. 你该来封信啊我都开始担心了。John should have left have left by tomorrow. 到明天约翰可能已走了。I think they should have consulted a doctor earlier. 我认为他们早就该去看医生了。I should have left London before 9, but I didnt. 我本该在9点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。In my opinion, she should have resigned earlier. 在我看来，她应当更早一点儿辞职。You are right; I should have thought of that. 你说得对，我本应当想到这一点的。I should have phoned Ed this morning, but I forgot. 今天上午我本该给埃德打电话，但是我忘了。should have done 的用法：1.should用于表示惊奇和欣喜的句子中，表示“竟然”、“居然”等含义1). Why should the door be locked?为什么居然把门锁起来了?2). It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years. 这几年中你们竟然取得如此大的成就，真了不起!（注意这里主语从句内出现时间状语in these years，一般要求用现在完成时，而使用should是为了表示惊异、赞叹意味。2.should have done 表示竟然做了某事，体现说话者一种惊奇、惊讶、不相信的语气：The painting considered to have been copied should have won the prize.那副被认为是复制品的画竟然获得了大奖。3.should have done 还可以表示“本来应该做某事而实际上没有做” ou should have finished your homework earlier, but you didnt。注意：should have done只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：一是用于推测过去已经发生的情况，二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如：You should have told me so before. 你早就应该告诉我。He should have arrived by now. 此时他本该到了。Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. 瞧都什么时候了! 十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。附：有关should的用法：一、作shall的过去式，多用于间接引语中，表示“提议、探询、许诺、要求、命令、决定、必要”等。1. She asked me if she should open the window.2. She said she should buy me a dictionary.3. Should I type these letters for you?(提议、探询)二、用于虚拟语气中，作虚拟语气的标志词。1. We should never have built the bridge without your help.(与过去相反)2. If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldnt go out.(与将来相反)3. She insisted that we (should) stay.4. His order is that we (should) do that at once.三、表示“推断”， 作“可能、应该、会是”等。1.Let me know if you should hear some more news?2. I told Sally to fix him up with his job, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.3. I felt sure that we should meet again.4. The effect of tax should be felt in higher prices.四、表示“应该、应当”，比must预期稍弱，同义词为ought to。1. Everyone should know some first aid.2. You shouldnt move if you are badly hurt.3. Elder brothers should take care of their younger brothers and sisters.五、表示客气和委婉的语气。1. I would be very grateful if you should let me know about it.2. I should say that you have done much to me.六、表示“责备”或“后悔”。1. I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without a word.(责备)2. I shouldnt have said such a thing.（后悔）七、表示“吃惊”，作“居然、竟然、不以为然”讲。1. Why should any object to her enjoying herself?2. I cant think why he should have been so angry.3. When I was going out of the store, who should I meet but my former classmate!4. How should I know?八、用于一些固定结构中。1. I should 如果我是你2我就会2. I should like 我想 （做某事）3. I should have thought 我还以为 （表示惊奇）4. I should think. 我看（想）汉译英。你本应该学习更好些。 (should have done)_2. 昨天你没有必要到这儿来。(neednt have done)_3. 路上一定非常辛苦。(must have done)_4. 但愿她能明天来。(wish)_5. 如果你仔细一点，那个错误可能会避免的。(虚拟语气)_答案1. You should have studied better.2. You neednt have come here yesterday.3. It must have been a tiring journey.4. I wish she could come tomorrow.5. If you had been more careful, the mistake might have been avoided.101. Should have done.本应该用法透视这个句型表示本来应该做什么，但事实上没做成的事。支持范例1. She shouldnt have gone sightseeing.她本不应该出去玩的。2. We should have gone swimming, but it rained.我们本来应该去游泳的，但下雨了。3. We should have offered our help to him.我们本来应该帮他忙的。会话记忆A: You should have been at home and enjoyed a big meal.你本应该呆在家里享受丰盛大餐的。B: Yes. I should have gone to buy the ticket in advance. But now.是啊。我当时应该提前去买票的，但是现在.A: But now you can stay with friends and enjoy a holiday too.但是现在你可以与朋友一起过节。B: Right. Lets go and find some fun.对。走，我们找点儿快乐的事去一、 “musthavedone”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、 “canthavedone”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、 “canhavedone”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、 “couldhavedone”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。 He could have passed the exam but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、 “mayhavedone”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 What has happened to George I dont know. He may have got lost. 乔治发生了什么事？ 我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、 “mighthavedone”表示对过去事情的推测，might 与 may 意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help even though he was busy. MET90 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 2. She might have achieved greater progress if you had given her more chances.如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、 “wouldhavedone”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boys story but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、 “shouldhavedone”意思是“本来应该做某事， ” 而实际没做。 “shouldnthavedone”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、 “ought tohavedone”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“shouldhavedone”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、 “needhavedone”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednthavedone”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 He need have hurried to the station. In that case be wouldnt have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。 英语：“情态动词have done”的用法 “情态动词have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一 语言现象作如下归纳： 1 should ought to have过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”； 其否定形式为“should notought not to have 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发 生但却发生了。 Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting but he didnt show up. （04广西卷） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析本题中的一个关键词 but 暗示了“Mr. White 按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。 故答案选A。 2neednt have过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday you_ have come this mornin g. 06陕西卷 A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt 解析 He neednt have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句 意，答案应选D。 注意 He didnt need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。 3must have过去分词 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。 注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用 cantcouldnt have 过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere . （05北京春季） A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped 解析本题应选 B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。 I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt 解析从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选B 。 4maymight have过去分词 表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We have proved great adventurers but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. 06天津卷 A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt Key:B 5cancould have过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”。 - I stayed at a hotel while in New York . - Oh did you You with Barbara NMET98 A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed Key: A 巩固性练习：从 A、B、C、D 中选择最佳答案。 1-You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night did you -No but we _. He didnt return home at all. A. couldnt have waited B. neednt have C. didnt need to D. should wait 2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday but he gave up. A. could B. might C. should D. must 3-May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six oclock tonight ” -“Im sorry Mr. Smith to a conference before then.” A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone 4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted. - Really I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing. A. must B. may C. can D. should 5- Was it you that made the suggestion - It have been. I cant remember. A. need B. must C. should D. may 6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me . A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken 7He paid for a seat when he _ have entered free. A. could B. would C. must D. need 8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at themeeting . A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spoken C. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken 9- Hi is that Peter Brown -Sorry. You _ the wrong number . A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed 10I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done Keys for reference： 1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBB 情态动词have done 用法 发布时间:2010-11-03 文章来源:雅思博教育 浏览次数:22情态动词have done 用法 例句