《宾语从句讲解》PPT课件.ppt

宾 语 从 句,Grammar,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,引导词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语可以放在及物动词，形容词sorry, sure, afraid, glad 等，介词(worry about, think about, find out等)后,Im sorry (that) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) I wont pass the exam . They found out who broke the windows. Im thinking about who can win the match.,宾语从句 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：主句+引导词+简单句 （主语+谓语） 3 引导宾语从句的引导词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：,一、引导词 1. 当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来， 由that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，没 有具体含义，可以省略。,He is a clever boy. I think.,I think (that) he is a clever boy.,Do you know? The famous singer will come to Yantai.,Do you know that the famous singer will come to Yantai?,2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由whether或if引导，翻译成：“是否”，不能省略。语序为陈述语序。,She asked me if /whether the boy could draw a horse.,Lily wanted to know.,Does her grandma like the dog?,Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the dog.,She asked me. Can the boy draw a horse?,if & whether “是否”引导宾语从句 以下情况4种情况只用whether不用if,与不定式 to do 连用，只用whether to do I dont know whether to stay at home. 2. 作介词的宾语 The old man is worried about whether they can find out the thief.,3. Whether引导的从句放在句首时 Whether we can arrive there on time, I am not sure. 4. whether .or not 固定结构 I dont know whether he likes the house or not. I want to know whether we can go skating on Saturday or on Sunday.,Could you tell me whether thats a fast train or not ? Do you know whether he is right or not ? I dont care whether hell stay here or not .,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问代词代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或疑问副词（when, where, how, why）引导，这些疑问词本身在从句中做一定成分不可以省略，语序用陈述语序。,What do you want to say?,I can think.,I can think what you want to say.,I dont remember. When did they arrive?,I dont remember when we arrived .,Do you know when the plane will leave ?,I asked him. How can I get so much money?,I asked him how I could get so much money .,Do you know ? When will the plane leave?,下列句子改为宾语从句时语序不变。,Whats the matter? What s wrong? What happened to you? Whats happening? Who teaches you English?,4.带how的词组how many, how much, how soon, how long, how often 等也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us how often you go to see your grandma ?,Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?,I dont know how far it is to the cinema .,Please tell us how many students there are in your school ?,Can you tell us how old his brother is ?,Please tell us how soon you will come back !,Could you tell us how much the picture costs ?,二、时态 如果主句是一般现在时，一般将来时， 祈使句时，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I know that he will come tomorrow .,2.如果主句是过去时，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow.,3.当从句是客观真理，自然现象，谚语，名言警句时用一般现在时。,The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .,The teacher said that there are 7 days a week.,He told me that light travels faster than sound.,三：宾语从句的语序 (陈述语序)： 主句+引导词+主语+谓语 宾语从句,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What does he want to buy ? I dont know what he wants to buy . I dont know what does he want to buy .,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me who we are going to meet ? Can you tell me who are we going to meet ?,四、标点,宾语从句的标点由主句决定。主句标 点是句号，则整个句子句末的标点是 句号。主句的标点是问号，则整句话 的标点是问号。,Do you know when the plane will leave ?,Do you know ? When will the plane leave?,He asks if I like playing the piano .,五.人称,I will go to Shanghai. She says. Mom asked me. Are you happy? The teacher asked. When will Xiaolei come back？,She says that she will go to Shanghai.,Mom asked me if I was happy.,The teacher asked when Xiaolei would come back.,（一主，二宾，三不变。）,变宾语从句四步骤：,确定引导词 改变人称 调整语序，时态 标点符号,宾语从句注意事项,当宾语从句是由祈使句转换来时，通常把say to 变为tell sb. to do或ask sb. to do. 否定祈使句则变为tell sb. not to do或ask sb. not to do,The teacher said to us. Keep quiet! Mom said. Dont be late!,The teacher asked us to keep quiet.,Mom asked us not to be late.,1Could / Would you please.是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,Could you tell me? Where we can go ? Could you tell me? Which one do I have to choose? Would you like to know? When will he come back ?,2. 否定前移 I think / believe 等动词后的宾语从句如果是否定，要将not 移到主句的谓语动词上,He wont come here. I think. 2. I believe. He wasnt a thief.,I dont think he will come here.,I dont think he will come here, will he?,I dont believe he was a thief.,I dont believe he was a thief, was he?,3. 宾语从句的特殊语序,主句是 Do you think/believe/ suppose. 宾语从句是由特殊疑问词引导的，要用： 疑问词+ do you think/believe/suppose +陈述语序,1).What happened to him? Do you think? 2).Do you think? What Sally will be in 10 years? 3).Do you think? Who can help you?,What do you think happened to him?,What do you think Sally will be in 10 years?,Who do you think is the cleverest student?,4. 宾语从句的简化 （宾语从句转化为简单句）,（1）当hope，decide, agree等后面有宾语从句时，如果两个主语一致，可以简化为 hope to do, decide to do, agree to do,Mom hopes that she can come back soon. They decided that they would visit Xiamen. He agrees that he can help John with Chinese.,Mom hopes to come back soon.,They decided to visit Xiamen.,He agrees to help John with Chinese.,(2) teach, tell, show +疑问词+ 宾语从句 从句的主语与主句的宾语一致 可简化为 疑问词+ to do,Can you tell me? How can I get to the airport? Could you teach me? How can I use the machine? Can you tell me? What Should I do?,Can you tell me how to get to the airport?,Could you teach how to use the machine?,Can you tell me what to do?,疑问词+宾语从句 疑问词词+to do,I dont know what I should do next . I dont know what to do next . She didnt decide which one she would choose . She didnt decide which one to choose . I wonder if I will leave for Shanghai. I wonder whether to leave for Shanghai.,5. I find/think/feel+ it+形容词+to do. I find/think/feel+ it+形容词+that 从句.,I find it interesting to play with him.(改为复合句) I thought it easy to work out the problem.,I find it is interesting to play with him.,I thought it was easy to work out the problem.,Sb. seem to do = It seems that sb. do Sb. seemed to do = It seemed that sb. did,He seems to tell a lie. It seemed that he was tired.,It seems that he tells a lie.,He seemed to be tired.,6.,(1)Do you know if _back next week ? If he _ back , please let me know . A. he comes , will come B. will he come , comes C. he will come, comes D. he will come, will come,6. 连词 if 和 when 在不同从句中的区别：,C,(2)I dont know when he _ (come) . I cant wait here any more . When he _ (come) , would you please ask him to call me ?,will come,comes,if 如果，条件状语 ；when 当.时，时间状语 无将来（主将从现） if 是否，when 何时 宾语从句 各种时态有,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks,2. What does he want to buy ? I didnt know,3. Who are we going to meet ? Can you tell me,when he will go to the library.,what he wanted to buy.,who we are going to meet ?,When does the train arrive? Please tell me. Please tell me _ _ _ _. 2. What does he do? Do you know? Do you know _ he _? 3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _ they _fried chicken. 4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B