初中情态动词用法总结.doc

专项：情态动词一 考点： 情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。二 类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词，可做助动词： will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to三 特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。 2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。 4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。四 用法：1. can 表示能力，“能，会”。Eg : Can you play basketball? 表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。Eg :Li hua cant be in the classroom. 表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或 cant.2.could can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old.could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldnt如果could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can.3.may 表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。Eg: He may come tomorrow. 表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg: May I borrow your book?注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用mustnt“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用may not“可能不”。 表示祝愿。Eg :May you success.4.might 表示“可以”，用于过去时中。 Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. 用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。 Eg:He might be doing his lessons now.5.must 表示“必须，应该”。表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“一定”。Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim. 否定句中，mustnt 表示禁止，“不允许”。以must 开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用neednt , 表示“不需要，不必”=“dont have to”. 表示“偏偏”。Eg: Must you play the piano at this time.6.need 情态动词：+do,用need 提问或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用neednt. Eg: You neednt come to school so early. 实义动词：+to do ,用助动词提问和否定。 +doing 表示被动。 neednt have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。Eg: I actually neednt have bought so much wine.7.dare 情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。Eg: Im afraid you dare not to do such a thing. 注：I dare say 习惯说成“也许，我想”。 Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say.实义动词：dare to do ,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to 可以省略。Eg: This student doesnt dare to raise any question in class.8.shall 用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。 Eg: Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here? 表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。 Eg: You shall finish your homework first.用于第三人称，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。（不常用）9.should 表示义务，责任“应该”。Eg:We should obey traffic laws.作为shall 过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa. 表示“竟然”。Eg: Its unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. 表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。Eg: How should I know? 表示劝告，建议，“应该”。 Eg: You should listen to your teacher.10.will 用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Eg: Will you pass me the book?表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。 Eg: I will try my best to help you.表示规律性的“注定会”。 Eg: People will die without air or water.11.would 表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。 Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station?12.have to “必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。 Eg: Ill have to ask Jim instead. 区别：must 表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。13.ought to 表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 比should 语气强，ought to 反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。 ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。 Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.14.used to 表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连用。否定形式：usednt to 或didnt use to ,疑问词将use提前或Diduse to ?Eg: He didnt use to be so careless. 区别 would :带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Used to :客观性，和现在进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。Eg: He would phone me on Sunday. Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young. 区别：be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于 Used to do （情态动词）过去是，过去常常 Be used to do (过去式) 被用来做 Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper.15.其他：had better do 最好做某事 Eg: You had better stay at home. 否定：had better not do be able to 与can 表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。 Eg: We will be able to come back next week. 专题练习：1( ) 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must( ) 2 They _ do well in the exam.A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3 -May I take this book out?-No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent ( ) 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5 -Can you speak Japanese?-No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not2( ) 1 -He_ be in the classroom, I think.-No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt ( ) 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?-Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt ( ) 3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need ( ) 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to( ) 5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do3( ) 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must ( ) 2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to( ) 3 -Must I do my homework at once?-No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not4( ) 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor.A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to( ) 2 He had to give up the plan, _ he? A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt( ) 3 They had to walk here, _ they? A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt5( ) 1 He had better stay here, _ he? A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt( ) 2 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be( ) 3 Youd better _ your hair _ once a month.A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted( ) 4 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not6( ) 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try( ) 2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us?-Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may( ) 3 -_ I take the newspaper away?-No,