非谓语动词--终极版.PPT.ppt

非谓语动词,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式 1. Dont teach fish to swim. 不要班门弄斧。,dont teach，谓语动词否定式,2. He had a good memory like an elephant. 他以前有很好的记忆力。 3. It would be a waste of money building such a luxurious villa. 建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。,1,had，谓语动词过去式 would be，附加情态动词的动词原形,4. Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播速度快得多。 5. When asked why, please just keep silent. 当问到原因时，就保持沉默。,1,travels，谓语动词单数形式 keep，动词原形,6. The president was warmly welcomed by the residents. 总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。,1,was welcomed，动词的被动形式,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。,2,动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之，不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击： 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing, disappeared B. seized, disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,A,A,B,非谓语,不定式 表将来和主动,动词ing:表进行和主动,动词ed：表完成和被动,1.在句子中充当何成分 2.只跟不定式做宾语的动词 3.什么情况下需用不定式做定语 4.不定式省略to的情况 5.不定式的复合结构 6.不定式主动表被动的情况,动名词,现在分词,2.动名词与不定式做主语，宾语的区别,3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,1.只跟动名词做宾语的动词,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。 首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,不定式,1.看不定式flash 2.在句子中充当何成分（课件） 3.宾语 只跟不定式做宾语的动词（卷子） 复合宾语中宾语是不定式，用形式宾语（卷子） 特殊疑问词+不定式（卷子） 不定式省略to的情况（课件和卷子） 4.宾补 省略to的不定式（卷子） 5.定语 介词不能省（修饰time, place,way可省）（卷子） 什么情况下需用不定式做定语（卷子） 6.状语 in order to, so as to, only to（卷子） 7.不定式的复合结构（卷子和课件） 8.时态语态的变化表格（卷子） 9.不定式主动表被动的情况（课件）,不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 (作主语和表语) To save time is to lengthen life. (不定式短语作主语) You should continue to learn as long as you live. 要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语) She usually has a lot of meetings to attend in the evenings. 她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语) To /In order to do a good job, we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语) He got up early in order to/ so as to catch the first bus. (不定式短语作目的状语) I didnt expect you to arrive so early. 我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语),不定式的省略 两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。 如： I want to finish my homework and go home. Im really puzzled what to think or say. 特例：To be or not to be，that is a question. He is better to laugh than to cry. (表示对比) 句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的不带to。即“前有do，后省to”。如： He didnt do anything but complain. 在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but , could not but ,could not help but 的后面不带to , 它们的意思都是“只好，只有” ,如： He could not but walk home. / Its raining hard, I cannot help but stay at home./ I cannot but admire his courage.,不定式的复合结构 It is brave of you to do that. It is easy for you to do that.,当下列表示人物特征的形容词同of 后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与o f 搭配。brave, careful, careless, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, wrong ,rude, stupid, silly, wise, thoughtful, etc,It was very kind of you to come to help me. = You were very kind to come to help me.,下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与 for 搭配。easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, important, difficult, etc.,Its hard for him to get rid of his bad habits . = For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard.,不定式主动表被动的情况,1. 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。,Ill give you a book to read. Please lend me a pen to write with.,2. be+adj.+to do,The question is not easy to answer.,3.不定式与疑问代词连用时,School uniforms are not cool enough, so students dont know what to expect.,4.某些动词不定式与be连用时 be to blame, be to seek, be to let,The house is to let.,5. There be结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。,There is a lot of work to do/ to be done.,如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。,There is nothing for me to do today.,动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式之分，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,动名词 动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing 构成，在句中起名词的作用，可作 主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+ 动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。,动词ing:表进行和主动,看动词 ing形式的flash 只跟动词 ing形式作宾语的动词（卷子） 作主语（几个常用句型）（卷子） 作定语的位置（卷子） 作状语 （to do跟doing作结果状语的区别）（课件） begin和start跟不定式而不跟动名词作宾语的情况（课件） 现在分词和过去分词的选择（课件） 动词ing形式的复合结构（卷子） 注意 现在分词完成式不作定语 （课件） 不定式和动名词作主语和宾语的区别（卷子） 跟不定式和动名词作宾语意思不同的动词（卷子） being done, done, to be done的区别（课件和卷子） 10. With复合结构（课件） 11.如何确定逻辑主语并选择适当的非谓语形式（课件） 12. 反面解读（课件）,.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,不定式：出乎意料的结果 I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed. 现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系 She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.,begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,当主语是无生命之物时 Snow began to melt. 2. begin和start用于进行时态时 He is beginning to study English. 3. begin和start后面的动词是表示心理状态的词（know, understand, believe, wonder等） I began to believe his story.,关于分词选定的原则 分词短语做定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语做状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。 (1)Seen from the mountain，the city looks beautiful. (2)Seeing from the mountain，we can see the river running through the city.,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。 The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.,2. done, to be done, being done作定语的区别,注意,The meeting being held now is of great importance. The meeting held yesterday was of great importance. The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.,熟 读 深 思,with复合结构 (1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟着他), he had to go back to the park. (2) With the work finished, he could go home. (3) With the weather so hot, they went in to have a rest. (4) His wife came down the stairs, with a book in her hand (a book in her handbook in hand) (5) The students stood in line with the national flag being raised.,归 纳 总 结,with复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主格结构，常在句中充当状语。它由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：,With 宾语 ,adv./prep.如：(4)。 adj.如：(3)。 doing(主动，同时)/being done(正在被)， 如：(1)、(5)。 done(被动或完成)，如：(2)。 to do(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作),另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,1 【误】 We dont allow to smoke in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow smoking in the lecture hall. 【正】 We dont allow people to smoke in the lecture hall. 【解析】 考查固定结构。allow doing sth.; allow sb. to do sth. 2 【误】 She was the first person thinking of the idea. 【正】 She was the first person to think of the idea. 【解析】 当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时， 此定语通常由不定式来充当。,专题七 反面解读,3 【误】 The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【正】 The question to be discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 【解析】 being discussed表示动作正在进行，而根据at tomorrows meeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用to be discussed表示。 4 【误】 This boy was seen come late this morning. 【正】 This boy was seen to come late this morning. 【解析】 see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。,5 Ive been looking forward to hear from you. 【答案】 hear 改为hearing。 【解析】 短语look forward to中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。 6 He admitted to have stolen the car. 【答案】 to have改为having。 【解析】 admit 后面跟动词的ing形式作宾语。 7 This is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 【答案】 This改为 It。 【解析】 作形式主语，代替动词的ing形式，只能用it。,8 The flowers need being watered. 【答案】 being watered改为watering或者to be watered。 【解析】 need, want, require等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“需要被”。 9 现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。 (1) 【误】 I could see the house having been beautifully decorated. 【正】 I could see the house beautifully decorated.,(2) 【误】 The book having been written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 【正】 The book written long ago is hard for us to understand today. 10作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。 (1) 【误】 Having found the cause, the experiment continued. 【正】 Having found the cause, they continued the experiment. (Having foundAfter/When they had found),(2) 【误】 Seeing from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. 【正】 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful. (SeenWhen the city is seen) 11非谓语的否定式中，not必须放在非谓语的最前面。 (1) 【误】 Having not finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed. 【正】 Not having finished his homework, he didnt want to go to bed. (2) 【误】 Mother warns us to not play in the street. 【正】 Mother warns us not to play in the street.,回顾,过去分词 v-ed,不定式 to + v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,表将来，主动。,表进行，主动,表完成，被动,不定式的被动式在表示被动的同时还兼表示未来。,现在分词的完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有明显先后时间关系的完成。,现在分词的被动式在表示被动的同时还将表示进行。,6.考查非谓语动词用作结果状语 I woke up in the morning, to find the outside world greatly changed. She fell off the bike, breaking her left leg.,解析 不定式：出乎意料的结果 现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系,考点击破,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国) 2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海) 3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁) 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5. It is difficult to imagine his _ (accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西) 6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京) 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西) 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,9. _ (dress) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 10. I sent you 100 dollars today with the rest _ (follow) next week. 11. _ (lose) in the mountains for weeks, the two students were finally saved by the local police. 12. _ (put) into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.,Dressed,to follow,Lost,Put,2. _ of the truth of the reports, he told his colleagues about it. AConvinced BConvincing CTo convince DHaving convinced 【解析】 A 动词convince表示“使确信”；be convinced of sth.“确信，相信”；此处用过去分词作状语。也可说，此处convinced of the truth of the reports是形容词短语作状语，表示原因。 _ in thought， he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose,专题七 实战演练,3 Be careful! Dont forget you are on a ladder. But you are holding it for me, nothing _ . Aworry about Bto worry about Cis worried about Dworrying about 【解析】 B 考查非谓语动词。“小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。” nothing与不定式短语to worry about连用，构成独立主格结构，作补充说明性的状语，相当于But you are holding it for me, so there is nothing to worry about/so I have nothing to worry about. 其中to worry about作后置定语。,专题七 实战演练,4 He looked at me, with an expression _ that he felt even more puzzled. Aindicate Bindicates Cindicating Dindicated 【解析】 C with an expression indicating为with复合结构，其中an expression为逻辑主语，indicate与这个逻辑主语之间有主动关系，故用现在分词。,专题七 实战演练,7 He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. Abeing badly treated Btreating badly Cto be treated badly Dto have been badly treated 【答案】 D,专题七 实战演练,8 Why are the students working so hard these days? _ ready for the coming entrance examination. ATo get BGet CGetting DGot 【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。联系语境可知，这些日子学生们努力学习是为即将到来的考试做准备，动词不定式作目的状语。故A项正确。,专题七 实战演练,9 If water becomes increasingly scarce in decades _ ，water shortage will become a hot issue all over the world. Acoming Bhaving come Cto come Dto be coming 【解析】 C 本题考查非谓语动词。 用不定式表示将要到来的。句意为：如果在将来的几十年水资源变得稀少，那么水资源的缺乏将会成为全球比较热门的一个话题。 10The party was a success，but we thought it a pity not _ you. Ato invite Bto be inviting Cto have invited Dto be invited 【答案】 C,专题七 实战演练,11Hearing the 2009 World Winter University Games _ open，all the people in the Harbin Sports Center Gym burst into cheers. Adeclare Bdeclared Cdeclaring Dto be declared 【解析】 B 考查过去分词的用法。很显然选项B和其逻辑主语the 2009 World Winter University Games是被动关系，选B。,专题七 实战演练,12As the light turned green，I stood for a moment, not _ and asked myself what I was going to do. Amoved Bmoving Cto move Dbeing moved 【解析】 B move的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，所以用现在分词，not moving 作伴随状语。如果不注意分析，很容易受并列的谓语动词stoodand asked干扰而误选A。,专题七 实战演练,13An offer of a reward has caused many students in our school _ actively in the competition. Aparticipate Bparticipated Cparticipating Dto participate 【解析】 D 句意为：比赛有奖，这使得我校很多学生积极参加了比赛。cause sb. to do sth. 为固定用法。,专题七 实战演练,16 Where is Tom？I have something important to tell him. I last saw him _ in the library reading. Asit Bseated Cseating Dsat 【解析】 B 本题考查非谓语动词。 题干句子空白处用seated作宾语补足语，因为seat是及物动词和宾语him之间的逻辑关系是动宾关系。,专题七 实战演练,192010江苏卷 The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, _ the students to return to their classrooms. Aenabling Bhaving enabled Cto enable Dto have enabled 【解析】 A 本题考查非谓语动词。现在分词短语作谓语动词donated的结果状语。,专题七 实战演练,21Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ from the library. At