初一下英语知识点汇总.doc

人教版初一（下）英语语言点汇总 2015.5英语中词性的分类： 1. be 动词 （am/is/are） 2. 行为动词 do sth. (行为动词分及物动词和不及物动词) 3. 情态动词 比如can/may/must 等 4. 系动词（也叫感官动词） 比如feel/sound/taste/look/smell等 5.介词 比如on/in/from/under等 （注意：介词前面必须要有动词， 比如： The book is on the desk. ） 6.连词 比如and/so/because/but等 （在英语写作中，两个完整的句子，中间必须用连词隔开，比如_,and_. ） 7.副词 （副词修饰动词和形容词）1. good adj. 好的（1）be good at sth. 擅长于做。事情 =do well in +n. /do well in doing sth. eg:Mary is good at music. =Mary does well in music.(2) be good with sb. 和某人相处得好 = get along/on well with sb.eg: Mary is good with all her friends. = Mary gets a long well with all her friends. (3) be good for 对。有好处eg: Vegetables are good for your health(健康 n.)2. morning n.早上 in the morning on the morning of+具体某一天in the evening on the evening of +具体某一天3. How/What 引导的感叹句 What+n. How+adj.eg:What an interesting story it is! =How interesting the story is!4. Thank v. 谢谢 (1)Thank sb. 谢谢某人（2）Thanks for doing sth. =Thank you for doing sth. (3) thankful adj. 感激的，感谢的，充满感谢的5. key n. 钥匙；关键1. 一串钥匙a set of keys2. the key to sth. 。的关键3. adj. 重点的，关键的 eg: Number 8 school is the key school in Chonging. 6. 几个“说” （1） say sth. (2) speak sth. (后面接 “语言”,比如 speak English)(3) tell sth. （固定用法：tell sth. to sb.=tell sb. sth. ）(4) talk with/about sth. 7. 有人称相关one ones sb. 宾格所有格式He his him hisShe her her hers I my me mine They their them theirs We our us ours It its it its You your yours yours 8. 英语中可数名词的写法 比如“apple”一词apples/the apple/ones apple/an apple9. quiet adj.安静的quite adv. 十分，非常quilt n.棉被eg: (1)She is always very quite. (2) She is quite clever. (3) Please prepare(准备) more quilts when the weather is cold. 10.11. play +球类（中间没有the） play+乐器（中间有the） 12. 注意几个职业的写法piano - pianist music-musician science-scientist violin - violinist 13. tell sb. sth. tell sth. to sb. tell sb. that+句子tell sb.+句子tell-told-told14. walk n./v.走路 n. take a walk take a walk with sb. 和某人散布v. walk the dog 遛狗 =take the dog for a walk Paradise Walk 北辰天街（重庆江北区商业圈）15. 在英语中，表频露的词汇： usually/sometimes/often/always/hardly(几乎不)/seldom 对其提问，用how often 一天一次：Once a day一天两次：Twice a day 一天三次：Three times a day （后面规则）16. tooth n.牙齿 （复数：teeth）17. either or (二选一)neither nor (两者都不选)18. v. rule sth.控制。；规范。 ruler n.尺子 keep the rule 遵守规则=obey/act on the rule 遵守规则follow ones rules 遵守某人的规则 a series of rules 一些列的规则19. arrive arrive at+小地点arrive in+大地点arrive+n. get to+n. 到达。地点 arrival n.抵达his arrival of Chicago 他到达了芝加哥20. listen to sth. 听。 hear sth. 听。 sound +adj. 听起来怎样21. fight v.打架fight-fought-foughtfight with sb.和某人打架fight for sth.为。而奋斗22. sorry adj. 抱歉的，遗憾的(1)say sorry to sb. 向某人道歉（2） feel sorry about sth. 对。深表遗憾23. go outside 向外走go/walk inside向里面走24. wear v.穿区别put on/be in/dress 25. bring sth. to sb.带来 take sth. to sb. 拿走26. have to do sth.不得不做。事情(否)dont have to do sth. doesnt have to do sth. -Must I finish it?-No, you dont have to./或者No, you neednt. mustnt do 禁止做。事情27. practice v.训练practice doing sth. finish doing sth.完成做。事情consider doing sth. 考虑做。事情28. make ones bed 铺床lay the table 铺桌子29. noise n.（嘈杂）声音make noise 制造噪音 noisy adj.嘈杂的，喧闹的区别：sound sound 指“声音”， a piece of sound 一丝声音30. relax v.休息(1) (人)relax oneself 让自己放松（2） （人）be/feel/become relaxed about sth. 对。感到放松（3） （sth.） be relaxing adj. 什么东西让人放松relaxation n. 放松31. feel v.感觉（1）感官动词（主动表被动；后面接adj.）（2） feel like doing sth.感觉到要做。事情（3）feel-felt-felt 32. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格33. remember v.记住remember to do sth. 记得去做remember doing sth.记得做过34. keep v.保持keep-kept-kept keep a dog 喂狗（=raise a dog）keep the rules 遵守规则 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做。keep sb. from doing 阻止某人做。a goal keeper (足球中)守门员keep away from 远离什么谚语：An apple a day keeps a doctor away. 35. water 的用法water n.水 water v.浇花 water the flower 浇花I have to water the flower. =The flower needs watering.（need doing sth.需要被。样）=The flower needs to be watered. 36. danger n. 危险(1)处于危险中（人）be in great danger be in danger (中间没有a/the) （2）dangerous adj.危险的endangered adj.濒临灭绝的endangered animals 濒临灭绝的动物37. cutcut-cut-cut (1) cut off ones hair 理发（2）cut down the tree 砍伐树木（3）a short cut to +地点 通往。的小道（也可用来指“捷径”）cutting (双写t) 38. make 的用法 （1）make sb. do 让某人做。make sb. not do 让某人不做。（2） （人）be made to do sth. 被叫做去做。事情（3）make sb.+adj. 让某人处于。状态 make +adj. (4)make fun of sb. 开某人玩笑=play a joke on sb. (5)make up 化妆（6）make up for 弥补什么（7）be made of/from 由。所组成（8）谚语：Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。39. taste v.尝起来（感官动词） It tastes good. (1)主动表被动（2）后面接adj. (否定句)It doesnt taste good. 感官动词： feel/sound/look/seem/taste/smell 40. 交通工具的用法与表达： 1. take a bus to school =go to school by bus(by后面没有the)2.相关词汇：subway/air(plane)/bus/car/bicycle/railway/ship41. stop v.停止（1）stop-stopped-stopped （2）stop to do sth. 停下来，去做什么事情 stop doing sth. 停下手中正在做的事情 （3）bus station=bus stop 公交车站台42. hundred 的用法（thousand同样的用法）（1） five hundred sth. (2) (many/several) hundreds of sth. 43. live v. 生活 life n.生命 44. news n.(不可数名词) 新闻 a piece of news 一条新闻 a piece of advice 一条建议a piece of information 一则消息newspaper n.报纸 read a newspaper 阅读报纸 （阅读类不能用watch和see）45. use 的用法 （1） use sth. 使用什么东西 （sth.）be used 什么东西被使用 （2） be used to do sth. be used for sth. 被使用（3） be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯了做什么（4）used to do 过去常常做什么 used to be+职业 过去是什么职业（5） put sth. into use 把什么列入使用范围中46. strong soup 浓汤make soup 做汤soap n.肥皂 soap opera 肥皂剧（比如韩剧）47. wash v.洗涤 wash the dishes wash ones car washing machine 洗衣机 The clothes wash easily. (wash一次用作主动表被动)48. movie n.电影go to the movies 去看电影action movie 动作片thrillers 恐怖片comedy 喜剧片（复数：comedies）movie star电影明星 movie maker 电影制作人cinema/theater n.剧院49. just now 刚刚（过去式的标志）过去式时间标志：just now/yesterday/last week/a moment ago等等50. eat out 在外面吃饭=go out to eat =go out for eating eat-ate-eaten eating (不要双写t,因为你只长了一张嘴巴)51. drink v.喝drink sth. (water/milk/tea/orange juice/beer啤酒/wine红酒)drink-drank-drunk heavy drinker 酗酒的醉汉52. 世界三大饮料（有不同版本）：tea茶/coffee咖啡/coke 可乐black tea 红茶 strong tea 浓茶 53. tomorrow 明天 will do sth. tomorrow (没有in the tomorrow这种说法)tomorrow 是将来时的标志 将来时的动词使用：（1） will do (2) be going/about to do (3) be to do (4) be doing 正在进行表将来54. man n.男人，人类human beings 人类humans 人类man(复数：men)woman(复数：women)55. race n.竞赛 running race 长跑竞赛 fierce race激烈的竞赛 Life is like a long race. 生活就如同一出漫长的竞赛。 Dragon Boat Race 赛龙舟（端午节活动）56. host v.主持host-host-host host family接待家庭 (人)host a meeting 主持会议 57. study v.学习 n. 书房 （eg:She is studying in the study. 她在书房里面学习）58. other的用法another adj. 另一个（anther +n. ）the other n.两个中的另一个others n.其他人 other adj.其他的 （other+n. ）59. any的用法：在否定句中，替换some和many I have some/many pencils. (变为否定句)=I dont have any pencils.60. young adj.年轻的，青春的youth n. 青春 To Our Lost Youth 致我们终将逝去的青春（电影）61. supermarket n.go to the supermarket 去超市62. state n.状况；美国（州）63. miss v.思念miss sth.思念什么miss sth.逝去什么miss sb.想念某人=think of sb. 想念某人64. wish v.希望wish sb. to do wish that+宾语从句 希望做。事wish+宾语从句65. child（复数：children）childhood 童年 childish adj.幼稚的66. 问天气Whats the weather like today?=How is the weather?67. Its raining./Its rainy. Its snowing./Its snowy. Its sunning. Its blowing. 在吹风68. Its blowing hard.(风吹得大，用hard)Its raining/snowing heavily. (雨下地大，用heavily)69. do sth. right now立刻做。事情=do sth. soon =do sth. right away70. park n. 公园 in the park v.停止 No parking 不准停车park the car 停车 71. cook v.做饭 n.厨师cooker n.厨具pressure cooker 高压锅(sth.)be over-cooked 什么东西糊了，烹饪过头了72. problem n. 问题have problems doing sth. =have difficulty doing sth. =have trouble doing sth. 有问题做。事情face the problems 面对问题solve the problems 解决问题73. dry v.干燥 adj.干燥的The weather is so dry. 天气很干燥dry the car hair dryer 干发器wet adj.湿润的=humid 74. warm adj.温暖的warmth n.温暖 humid adj.潮湿的=wet 75. Canada n.加拿大 in Canada 在加拿大Canadian adj.加拿大的 n.加拿大人（复数:Canadians）76. visit （1）pay a visit to 拜访什么地方=visit+n. （2）(人)be on a visit to +地点 去哪里77. vacation n.假期 be on vacation go on vacation 在度假summer vacation 暑假 winter vacation 寒假78. country n.国家；乡村country style cooking(CSC)乡村基79. skate v.滑冰go skating 去溜冰=go skiing （滑雪）80. sit v.坐sit-sat-satsitting sit down She is sitting in the chair. 81. post office 邮局 有关问路的表达：(宾语从句)Can you tell me the way to the post office?=Can you tell me how to get to the post office?=Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?82. police station n.警察局police officer 警察=policeman/policewoman 83. hotel be in the hotel 入住宾馆book a hotel预定一家宾馆 book 做动词，表预定84. bank (1)银行 （2）河岸on the bank of the river rob the bank抢银行bank clerk 银行办事人员bank robber 抢银行的劫匪85. be in the hospital在医院办事 be in hospital 在医院86. street大街avenue 大道 The Fifth Avenue 美国著名第五大道a short cut 捷径87. 有关支付和花费(人)pay for sth. (It) takes sb. to do sth. (人)spend doing sth./on sth. (sth.) cost sb.+金钱 花了某人多少钱（人） can/could afford to do sth. 能够支付做。事情 can/could afford+n. 88. go across the street 穿过马路=cross the street crossing n. 转角路口89. be in front of +n. 在。前方do sth. in front of +n.在前方做什么事前the front （战争）前线90. be behind sth. 在的后方EG:The book is behind the desk. 书在椅子后面。91. before 在。前面above 在。上方on 在。上面under 在。下面below 在。下方next to 在。旁边near 在。旁边around 在。附近among 在。当中along 沿着。92. turn right向左转turn left 向右转 on the right 在左边on the left 在右边93. 东南西北（East/South/West/North）94. 东边的Eastern adj. 南边的 Southern adj. 西边的 Western adj. 北边的 Northern adj. 95. in the neighborhood 在附近 neighbor n.邻居96. climb v.爬climb the mountain climber n.登山者 climb-climbed-climbed 97. road n.路 (1) do sth. on the road 在路上做。事情（2） the road to 通往。的道路 （3）get in ones way 挡路（注意：没有get in ones road,完型填空中容易选错）98. air n.空气fresh air 新鲜的空气go to by air =go to by plane 坐飞机去哪里99. free adj.免费的(1)do sth. for free 任意做。事情；免费做。事情（2） be freed from 免除。想法；免除。的舒服（3） （sth.） be free 什么东西是免费的（4）in ones free time在某人空闲时间 =in ones spare time 100. enjoy v.享受enjoy doing sth. =have fun doing sth.=have a good/great time doing sth. 享受做。事情101. easy adj.容易（1）（人）feel/be easy to do sth. (2)It is easy for sb. to do sth. (3) do sth. easily (adv.)102. 基本句型：What is your mother like?(问外表)=What does your mother look like?103. a little bit +adj. =a litte+adj. =be kind of+adj. 104. a pair of glasses 一副眼镜sunglasses 太阳镜105. do sth. later 一会儿做。事情actor n.男演员actress n.女演员106. person n.人 （复数：persons） people n.人 （复数:people） There are many people. (不能说There are much people.)107. put的用法及其搭配put-put-put put up your hands 举手put away sth. 把。拿开put off推迟108. in the end 在最后=by the end of+n.109. a real flower 真花really adv. 真实地110. be different from sth. 与。不一样=have difference(s)between A and B111. noodle n.面条（可数名词 noodles） 112. beef n.牛肉beef steak 牛排113. potatoes 土豆（复数）tomatoes 番茄（复数）114. special adj.特色的，特别的specialist n.特产 do sth. especially +n. 特别是，尤其是。115. would like to do sth. would love to do sth.宁愿做。事情116. order n. 命令 follow ones order v.命令 order sb. to do sth. n.顺序 keep sth. in order 井然有序 be out of order 乱套了117. age n. (1) Whats your age? =How old are you?(2) He is 5 years old. =He is at the age of 5. =He is a five-year-old boy. 118. answer n.回答answer to the question 回答问题give/show sb. your answeranswer back 回复；顶嘴119. be popular with sth. 以。出名be popular among +人群 在。群体中出名be popular as +n.作为。出名get popular 变得流行（get+adj.）popularity n.流行，著名120. if(1)是否（=whether） （2）如果 121. lucky adj.幸运的(1)be/feel lucky to do sth.做。事情感到幸运(2) luck n.幸运，运气 （3）Luckily, _.(adv.) 幸运的是，。(反)Unluckily, _. 122. milk k the/a cow 挤牛奶n. a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶a glass of milk 一杯牛奶a bowl of milk 一碗牛123. eat like horse 形容人食量大ride a horse 骑马124. feed v.喂养 feed the baby feed/fed/fedfeed chickens 喂鸡 (chicken 鸡肉)125. quite adv.十分quiet adj.安静quilt n.棉被126. anything interesting something interesting nothing interesting (anything之类的词汇，adj.放在后面)127. grow v.种植grow a tree 种树grow-grew-grown 128. pick pick up 捡起来pick out 挑选pick up sb.at the airport在机场接某人129. excellent =wonderful 优秀的130. worry v.担忧(1)worry sb. 担忧某人（2）（人）get/be/feel worried about sb. 担心某人（adj.）(3) make sb.+worried 让某人担忧 worry-worried-worried 131. set fire to 纵火put out the fire灭火fire station 消防站 firefighter 消防官兵132. in a word总结=all in all =finally =at last 133. be/become interested in 对。感兴趣= become a fonder of sth. 变成。的爱好者be fond of sth.爱好什么134. hear (1)hear sth. 听见什么（2） hear sb. doing sth.听见某人正在做 hear sb. do 听见某人做某事全过程（3）hear from sb. =get/receive a letter from sb. 135. go camping 去露营go hiking 去登山go fishing 去钓鱼136. on the beach 在海滩上bitch n.贱人137. sheep绵羊 （单复数同行）fish/deer/people 138. nature n.自然natural adj.自然的naturally adv.自然而然地，顺其自然地139. stay up 熬夜stay up late 通宵熬夜140. visitor (游客) 注意是or, 不是er 141. run away 跑开=run off run away from+地点 从。跑开run-ran-run running run a restaurant 经营一家餐馆runner n.跑步者142. mouse n.老鼠（复数：mice）143. woof n.狼 （复数：wooves ）scarf n.围巾 （复数：scarves） 144. kite n.风筝fly a kite 放风筝区别：fly a high kite in the sky（high做adj.）fly a kite high in the sky (high做adv.)145. put up a tent 搭帐篷 Put up a poster 粘贴海报put off推迟put away拿开=