《ROHS教育材料》PPT课件.ppt

ROHS教育材料,Environmental Protective Requirements on waste electronic & electrical products 对废弃电子电器产品的环保要求,WEEE & RoHS,They are resourced main on political reason, then are the environmental target 他们是主要源于政治原因，其次才是环境的目的 They are the new barrier, 他们是新的壁垒 * WEEE more like the tariff wall, the invisible wall to increase your cost. WEEE更象是关税壁垒，犹如一堵无形的墙增加你的支出。 * RoHS more like the TBT; the environmental related certification, similar as the safety certification but misty. RoHS更象是技术性贸易壁垒，环境认证就与安规认证相似，但更模糊。,WEEE Directive 2002/96/EEC,Why WEEE Directive ? 为什么要有WEEE,About 90% of the EEE waste is land-filled 90%的电子废弃物被填埋,Landfill 填埋96%,Mechanical Recycling 机械循环利用率 3%,Energy Recovery 能源再生率 1%,Total Collected in W. Europe (1999)- - 764,000 tonnes 欧洲总的回收量(1999年) 76.4万吨,A producer responsibility directive. It aims to: 一个生产者承担责任的指令。它的目的在于： Reduce the waste from electrical and electronic equipment 减少来自电子设备的废弃物 Increase recovery and recycling rates of WEEE 增加废弃电子电器产品的再生和循环使用。 Improve environmental performance of all operators involved in the life cycle of WEEE 提高废弃电子电器产品全部生命周期中所涉及到的所有操作者的环保执行情况,Objective 目的,Objective 目的,Resource 资源,Product 产品,Resource 资源,Today 今天,Future 将来,Product 产品,Landfill 填埋 Burning 焚烧 Throw away freely 随意丢弃,Dispose, Burning, Landfill designedly and collection organically 有计划地处置/焚烧和填埋, 以及有组织地收集,Recovery 再生 Reuse 再利用 Recycling 循环使用,Scope General 范围- 一般,Covers discarded EEE 包括: Designed to operate at a maximum voltage of 1,000 V a.c. or 1,500 V d.c; 最大工作电压不超过 1000 V a.c 或 1500 V d.c，通过电流、电磁场、发电机、变压器工作的设备或测量这种电流的设备；和 Falling within 10 categories of WEEE (Annexes IA 不在WEEE指令覆盖范围的设备 Specifically intended for military use. 军事用途,Scope Categories 范围-分类,Large household appliances 大型家用电器 Small household appliances; 小型家用电器 3. IT Except filament light bulbs & household luminaires. 照明设备（ 白炙灯泡和家用照明光源除外）,Electrical 监控设施 Automatic dispensers.自动售货机,Producers responsibility 生产者责任,WEEE from private households: 来自私人用户的WEEE - Producers install systems for take back free of cost for final user 生产者设立对最终使用者免费的回收体系 - Individual or collective possible 可以是个别的，也可以是集体的 - Producers take over cost of reuse, recycling, disposal 生产者负责再利用、循环和处理的费用 - Distributors voluntarily(but free of cost) may take back WEEE 批发者可以回收WEEE(但是是免费的） WEEE from other than private users: 来自非私人用户的WEEE - Producers responsible for collection, reuse, recycling, disposal and costs 生产者负责收集、再利用、循环使用和处理的费用 - Producers responsible for management cost of historical waste 生产者负责历史性废弃物的管理费用 - Member states as well as users and producers may agree on different financing 成员国，还有使用者和生产者可以对不同的财务费用达成一致意见,Product Design 产品设计,Product designs shall 产品的设计应当: Allow selective removal of certain materials/components. 允许有选择性地淘汰处理某些原料和部件。 Permit repair and end-of-life dismantling for the recovery (reuse & recycling) of materials/components. 准许修复或淘汰产品分解出的原料和部件的回收利用（再利用和循环在利用） Not include design features which hinder reuse, unless required for overriding reasons such as safety or environmental protection. 产品不得有妨碍再利用的设计，除非是出于安全及环保因素考虑,Rate for Collection, Recovery, Recycling 收集，再回收和再循环比例,Separate collection 4 kg per inhabitant and year from households,Automatic dispensers Large household appliances - Recovery: 80% - Recycling, reuse*: 75%,IT & telecommunications appliances Consumer equipment - Recovery: 75% - Recycling, reuse*: 65%,Small household appliances Lighting equipment Electrical and electronic tools Toys, leisure & sports equipment Monitoring and control instruments - Recovery: 70% - Recycling, reuse*: 50%,Medical device To be determined by 31 December 2006,Example 例子: Refrigerator Weight 冰箱重量: 100 kg (Category 1) Recovery Target 再生目标 : 80% Reuse / Recycling Target 再利用/循环使用目标: 75% Conclusion 结论: Disposal as Landfill 填埋处置: max. 20 kg Recovery as incineration 焚烧: max. 5 kg Back into resource stream 循环利用: minimum 75 kg,Recovery & Recycling Targets 回收再用和再循环的目标,Treatment - Selective Removal 处理-选择性除去,All liquids;所有液体 Capacitors containing PCBs 耐火陶瓷纤维元件,The following materials, substances, components must be removed from the product by the treatment facilities(the information should be provided by manufactories) 至少下列物质、配制件和组件要必须从任何分类收集的废弃电子电气设备中除去(相关的有毒物质存在部位的信息应由工厂提供),Treatment - Selective Removal 处理-选择性除去,Cathode ray tubes; 阴极射线管 External electric cables; 外置电线 Radioactive substances; 放射性物质 CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs 气体放电灯 Asbestos waste. 石棉废料,Treatment Process 处理-步骤,Only permitted at licensed or registered sites. 处理机构应该有执照或在主管当局登记的单位 Storage sites must prevent environmental contamination. 储存场所必须防止环境污染 Treatment sites shall 处理地点应当: Use the best available techniques. 应用最好的可用技术 Prevent environmental contamination. 避免环境的污染 Include appropriate storage facilities. 有适当的贮存场所 Treat water before discharge. 污水处理后方可排放 Have balances to monitor incoming WEEE, outgoing recovered materials & waste. 监控WEEE进料及回收材料和废物输出的平衡 Minimum quality standards for treatment may be set up. 处理的最低质量标准应当建立。,Word Definition 名词定义,Recovery & Recycling Targets 回收再用和再循环的目标,Dismantler 拆分拆解,WEEE,Shredder 切碎机,Landfill 填埋,Re-use 再利用,Siderurgy 熔炼,Foundry 铸造厂,Steel 钢,Non-ferr metal 有色金属,SR 视情况,Energy recovery 能量再生,Recycling 循环使用,Components 零件,Recovery & Recycling 回收再用和再循环 Waste Stream during Recycling example: 废弃物循环利用流程实例,Component suppliers 零件供应商,Component suppliers 零件供应商,Manufactory 整机制造商,Raw material producers 原材料生产商,Raw material producers 原材料生产商,Cost Estimations 费用估算,Collection costs: 200-400 Euro per ton 收集费用： 每吨200400欧元 - 4kg pp, 350M inhabitants: 300-600M Euro per year 4公斤每人每年，3.5亿人口：每年3亿6亿欧元 Treatment costs: 300-800 Euro per ton 处理费用：每吨300800欧元 - 450-1200M Euro per year 每年4.5亿-12亿欧元 Original average price increase of 0.5% to 2% per electric/electronic device 最初的平均价格每台电子电器设备增加0.5%至2%. To be detailed per product category 每种产品详细的目录,Marking - All WEEE 1 标记- 所有WEEE 1,Information for Users 提供给使用者的信息 The products placed on the market after 13 August 2005 must be labeled with 2005年8月13日以后投放市场的电子电器应注明: Marking the product according to prEN 50419, Marking must include: 按 prEN 50419 规定，产品标识内容应包括: - A unique identification of producer (e.g brand name, trade mark or others means) 唯一的生产者身份标识 (例如品牌，注册商标或其他内容) - Date or year of manufacture/placed on the market in coded or un-coded text 生产日期或年份/以编码或非编码形式投放市场,Marking - All WEEE 1 标记- 所有WEEE 1,- Marking as above with the crossed-outwheeled bin and additional bar Crossed wheelie bin symbol. 上述标识内容应该以带有叉形符号的轮式垃圾箱以及条状文字符号的形式构成 In exceptional cases, where the products size and function prevent this, the symbol shall be placed on: 如果产品的大小和功能不适于加贴上述标志时，可印在： Packaging 包装; Instructions for use 说明书; Warranty.保证卡,Information Supplied - All WEEE 信息提供- 所有WEEE,Information for Treatment Facilities 给处理机构的信息 - Information about reuse and treatment of EEE, of components and hazardous substances used inside the product and their location inside the product and disassembly information. 该信息应该包括针对电子电气设备以及相关零部件的再生与处理，零部件与有害物质在产品中的具体位置以及相应的拆除方法 - Plastic parts, which is 25g or 200mm2 must be marked according ISO 1043 对于总重量大于25克或面积大于200平方毫米的塑料部件必须按 ISO 1043 规定的方法标识,Information Supplied - All WEEE 信息提供- 所有WEEE,- This information must be made available to all interested parties especially to reuse centers, treatment and recycling facilities in the form of manuals, by electronic means or on-line on Internet. The information must be available within one year after placing the product on the market. 关于处理方法的信息，必须使所有对此感兴趣的机构均可获得，尤其应该对废弃物再生中心、处理或循环使用机构开放该信息可以通过用户手册、电子出版物或互联网在线服务等方式发布该信息应该在产品投放市场后的一年内仍能查询,Information Supplied - Household WEEE 信息提供- 家用WEEE,Details to be supplied to consumers:提供如下资料给消费者： Not to dispose of WEEE as unsorted municipal waste, but collect it separately; 不要将WEEE当做未分类垃圾随意丢弃，应进行分类回收 Available return and collection systems;有效的回收系统 The role of consumers in the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery; 消费者应如何处理这些需要重复使用、再生及回收的事项 The potential effects on the environment & human health of hazardous substances in the WEEE. WEEE中有害物质对环境和人身健康的潜在影响 Meaning of the crossed wheelie bin symbol. 带大叉有轮垃圾桶标志的含义 May be required in the instructions and/or at point of sale. 可以在说明书或/和销售地点获得,RoHS Directive 2002/95/EEC,Reason and Objective 原因和目的,WHY? 为什么? Increased risk that lead disposed at landfills contaminates drinking water supplies 饮用水水源受废弃填埋物中铅污染的危机日益严重 22% of the annual world consumption of mercury is used in electronic and electrical equipment 全世界每年消耗的汞，有 22%被应用在电子电气设备中 Brominated flame retardants emit furan and dioxin during heating 塑料中的溴化物阻燃剂在加热时会释放出呋喃与二噁英 Objective 目的 Restriction of of the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment限制电子电气设备中有害物质的使用 and contribute to the protection of human health and recovery and disposal of waste of electrical and electronic equipment 并有利于保障人类健康，有利于报废电子电气设备的再生或处理,Scope 范围 1,Similar to the WEEE Directive, except: 与WEEE指令相似，除了： Applies to new EEE placed on the market after 1 July 2006. 仅对于2006年7月1日起投放市场的新产品。 Includes household filament light bulbs & luminaries. 包括家用的白炙灯泡和光源。 Should not disobey the special regulation or directive to safety and healthy 不应违反特殊的关于安全和健康要求的专门指令或规定 - Vehicle ELV (2000/53/EEC) 车辆指令 - Battery directive, 91/157/EEC, 93/86/EEC & 98/101/EC 电池指令,Scope 范围 2,Excludes 不包括： - Medical devices or monitoring 在2006年7月1日前投放市场的维修备件。 - Re-used EEE originally placed on the market before 1 July 2006. 2006年7月1日前原先投放市场的再利用产品,Large Household Appliances 大型家用电器 Small Household Appliances 小型家用电器 IT and Telecommunications Equipment 信息与通讯设备 4. Consumer Equipment 消费者 5. Lighting Equipment 照明设备 Electrical and Electronic Tools 电子与电气工具 7. Toys, Leisure and Sports Equipment 玩具, 休闲娱乐设备与运动器材 8 Medical Devices (not implanted and infected devices) (after 2008) 医疗装置 (不包含灌输与被污染的装置) (2008之后) 9 Monitoring and Control Instruments (after 2008) 监测与控制仪表 (2008之后) 10.Automatic Dispenser自动售货机,Requirements Outline 要求- 概要,Restricted hazardous substances: 限制的有毒物质: Heavy metals 重金属: Lead 铅; Mercury 汞; Cadmium 镉; Chromium (VI) 六价铬. Certain brominated flame retardants: 某些溴化阻燃剂 Polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs); 多溴联苯 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 多溴联苯醚,Requirements Outline 要求- 概要,Proposal by TAC (Technical Adaptation Committee) TAC 的提议(技术编写委员会) A maximum concentration value up to 0.1% by weight in specific materials of electrical and electronic equipment for lead 1) , mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), and up to 0.01% by weight in specific materials for cadmium, shall be tolerated. 电子电气设备使用的特定原材料中，允许的铅1)，汞，六价铬，多溴联苯 (PBB) 和多溴联苯醚 (PBDE) 含量最高为重量百分比0.1%，允许的镉含量最高为重量百分比0.01%。 1) For solder alloys used to attach electrical components to printed circuit boards, a maximum concentration of lead of 0.1% by weight of solder alloy shall be tolerated. For electrical components attached to the printed circuit board, a maximum concentration of lead of 0.1% by weight of the component shall be tolerated. 用于印刷电路板上电气零部件焊接的焊料，其合金成分中允许的铅含量，最高为重量百分比。用于印刷电路板的电气零部件，其组成中允许的铅含量，最高为重量百分比 0.1%。,Requirements Outline 要求- 概要,Definition of Material: (under discussion) 原材料定义: (讨论中) Metals, (e.g. solder alloys, electroplated coatings, copper alloys, steel alloys, aluminum alloys), plastics and plastic blends (e.g. ABS, polyamide, PBT), ceramics, glass etc. in this case the limits apply to mass of the single material 金属, (例如合金焊料, 电镀层, 铜合金, 铁合金, 铝合金), 塑料及其混合物 (例如 ABS, 聚酰胺, PBT), 陶瓷, 玻璃等。在这种条件下，其含量限制适用于单一原材料 Components (e.g. capacitors, switch, semiconductors, PCB, relays etc.) in this case the limits would apply to the mass of the whole component 元器件 (例如电容器, 开关, 晶体管, PCB, 继电器等)。在这种条件下，其含量限制适用于整个元件 Assemblies 组合件,Lead - Current Use 铅- 实际应用,Solder 焊锡 Glass 玻璃 Lead halides and lead phosphors in certain gas discharge lamps. 某些气体放电灯中: 铅的卤化物和铅的磷酸盐 Electronic ceramic parts. 电子陶瓷元件 Amiable-Cutting metal and alloy. 易切削金属或合金中的应用 Metallic coatings brightener & stabiliser. 金属覆盖物- 光亮剂和稳定剂 Thermal stabiliser for plastics/rubber 塑胶/橡胶的热稳定剂 Ink/pigment/paint for printing/painting 墨水/颜料/油漆 Batteries 电池 Resin additives 树脂添加剂 Optical components 光学组件 Contacts 触点 Power cords and wires 电源和电缆,Lead - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions) 铅- 允许应用(豁免),Glass in 玻璃: Cathode ray tubes 阴极射线管; Electronic components 电子元件; Fluorescent tubes 荧光管. Alloying elements in 合金: Steel (maximum 0.35% lead) 钢 (最高0.35%的铅); Aluminium (maximum 0.4% lead) 铝 (最高 0.4% 的铅); Copper (maximum 4% lead) 铜 (最高4%的铅). Solders 焊锡: Lead in high melting temperature type solders (i.e. tin-lead solder alloys containing more than 85% lead lead based alloys containing 85% by weight or more lead.) 高温融焊料中的铅（即：锡铅焊料合金中铅含量超过85%, 铅基体合金铅含量85或更多） Servers, storage 服务器，存储器 ，存储器阵列（至2010） Network infrastructure & telecom management. 网络基础设施和电信管理 Electronic ceramic parts,e.g. piezoelectronic devices. 电子陶瓷元件. 如压电陶瓷.,Lead in solders for servers.storage and storage array systems, Network infrastructure equipment for switching, signaling, transmission as well as net work management for telecommunications,Lead - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions) 铅- 允许应用(豁免),Summary 总之: Clarification 明确了: lead used in compliant pin connector systems 铅在倾向于接脚连接系统中的应用 lead as a coating material for the thermal conduction module o-ring 铅在热传导模块C形圈涂层材料中的应用 lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass 铅和镉在光学和滤镜玻璃中的应用 lead in solders consisting of more than two elements for the connection between the pins and the package of microprocessors with a lead content of more than 80% and less than 85% by weight 铅在微处理器的接脚和封装间连接的由大于两种元素组成的焊锡的应用，铅的含量大于80，小于85。 半导体 lead in solders to complete a viable electrical connection between semiconductor die and carrier within integrated circuit Flip Chip packages 铅在集成电路变址浮点运算芯片封装中半导体die核心和载子间完成可行的电连接。,RoHS Directive Mercury - Current Use 汞- 实际应用,Fluorescent lamps, High intensity discharge (HID) lamps, 荧光灯管, 高强度放电(HID) 灯管, Painting or pigment or ink 涂料或颜料 LCD back light 液晶背光 Tilt switches/adjuster 倾斜度开关/调节器 Reed-relays 簧片式继电器 Contact point materials(e.g relays) 连接材料（如继电器） Anti-corrosion treatment 抗腐蚀处理 Thermostats 调温器 Batteries 电池 etc 等.,RoHS Directive Mercury - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions) 汞- 允许使用 (豁免),Compact fluorescent lamps (maximum 5 mg per lamp); 微型荧光灯（每个灯最多不超过5毫克） Straight fluorescent lamps for general purposes: 一般直式荧光灯 Halophosphate (maximum 10 mg per lamp); 每个灯最多不超过10毫克 Triphosphate with normal life (maximum 5 mg per lamp); 普通使用三磷酸盐（每个灯最多不超过5毫克） Triphosphate with long life (maximum 8 mg); 长期使用三磷酸盐（最多不超过8毫克） Straight fluorescent lamps for special purposes; 特殊用途直荧光灯 Other lamps not specifically mentioned. 其他灯具,RoHS Directive Cadmium - Current Use 镉- 实际应用,Cadmium plating. 镉电镀 Solar cells & other light-sensitive devices, e.g CdTe 太阳电池和其他光敏器件 Electrical contact alloys, e.g relay, switch, thermostat 电接触合金, 如继电器，开关，调温器 Pigments, yellow red - orange pigments 颜料 Connection point 接点 Solder 焊锡或熔丝 Thermal stabiliser for plastics 塑胶的热稳定剂 Optical parts 光学组件 Batteries, e.g Cd-Ni battery 电池，如镍镉电池 Springs 弹簧 Power cords 电源线 Wires 电缆,RoHS Directive Cadmium - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions) 镉- 允许使用 （豁免）,Cadmium plating, except for applications banned under the Cadmium Directive 91/338/EEC. e.g. production equipment or machinery and the associated products in certain industries. 电镀镉，除了91/338/EEC禁止应用的以外。如生产设备、机器和在摹写工业领域的相关的产品。 Cadmium and its compounds in electrical contacts and cadmium plating except for applications banned under Directive 91/338/EEC amending directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations. Clarification of the cadmium plating exemption. 在电接触部件和电镀镉中的镉及其化合物。明确了镉电镀的豁免。 lead and cadmium in optical and filter glass 铅和镉在光学和滤光镜,RoHS Directive Chromium (VI) - Current Use 六价铬-实际应用,Metallic coatings，eg. Zinc electrical plating surface: Anti-Corrosion layer 金属表层、和表面，如电镀锌金属表面的防腐层（钝化层 ）。 Metal plated plastics. 金属电镀的塑料 Coatings, paints, inks for printer 印刷和打印用的油墨、墨水,Dichromate anti-corrosion surface 重铬酸盐防腐和自修复钝化层 (0.2-2m),Zinc electrical plating surface 镀锌层(0.5-10m),Metal base 金属基材,RoHS Directive Chromium (VI) - Current Use 六价铬-实际应用,Anti-corrosion agent for the carbon steel system cooling system in absorption refrigerators. And phase out with exemption. 碳钢中的防腐剂，和电冰箱制冷剂中的防腐剂。并逐步停止使用。,RoHS Directive PBBs & PBDEs - Current Use 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 实际应用,There are series of compounds concerned. 它们涉及一系列的化合物。 They are used as Flame retardants used for Housings; Printed circuit boards; Cables, rated V-0/V-1 according to UL94. 它们以阻燃剂的用途用于屏蔽物和遮盖物，印刷电路板，电缆和电线等，根据UL94, V-0/V-1设定。,RoHS Directive PBBs & PBDEs - Current Use 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 实际应用,PBBs: mainly used for ABS plastic(arylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) 主要用于ABS塑料 US stop used in 1976, EU stop used in 2001 美国于1976年停用，欧盟2001年停用 PBDEs: used in plastics, PCB boards and cables. 用于塑料，印刷电路板和电缆 And Penta/Octa/Deca-BDEs always are available. 五/八/十溴联苯醚经常被使用 - Penta-BDEs: mainly used for phenolic resins/PVC/rubber/PU, 五溴联苯醚：主要用于酚醛树脂/PVC塑胶/橡胶/聚氨酯 - Octa-BDEs: mainly used for ABS/PA/PBT, 八溴联苯醚：主要用于ABS/聚酰氨/聚丁烯 - Deca-BDEs: mainly used for PA, PBT, PET, PVC, PU, rubber, 十溴联苯醚：主要用于聚酰氨/聚丁烯/聚酯/PVC/聚氨酯/橡胶,RoHS Directive PBBs & PBDEs - Permitted Uses (RoHS Exemptions) 多溴联苯和多溴联苯醚- 允许使用（豁免）,There are currently no exemptions for these brominates flame retardants except Deca-BDE. And Deca-BDE is under consideration by European Commission. 除了十溴联苯醚以外无豁免，十溴联苯醚正在重新评估之中。 Penta-/Octa-BDEs have already banned by EU directive-2003/11/EEC. 五溴联苯醚和八溴联苯醚已经被欧盟指令2003/11/EEC所禁用。,RoHS Directive Exemption Ongoing evaluation 正在进行评估的豁免,With reference to Article 7(2), the Commission shall evaluate the applications for: 根据在条款 7(2)条中提及的程序，欧盟委员会将评价以下方面的应用 - deca-BDE; The lead in lead-bronze bearing shells and bushes The lead crystal in the glass of chandeliers The use of non-RoHS compliant parts from old electrical and electronic equipment in the manufacture of new equipment., Lead used in compliant-pin VHDM (Very High Density Medium) connector system 顺应针(很