（考前辅导）中考英语考能提升写作高分课堂（一）人教新目标版.docx

写作命题特点 了解中考英语写作的命题特点，做到心中有数。 重点：掌握近几年写作的命题特点。 难点：针对命题特点，写出高质量的作文。 中考英语写作分值为15分左右, 命题既注重考查学生英语基础知识和基本技能, 更注重考查学生综合运用英语的能力, 特别是运用英语解决实际问题的能力。近几年中考英语写作的特点一、个性化 中考试题一直是分省命题，因此书面表达试题的设计往往具有地方特色，并反映当地的人文地理特点。这样既增加了中考英语书面表达试题的社会文化背景因素，又符合考查语言交际能力的要求。如广州考题：为弘扬广州文化，你校在上周六举行了一次 “Guangzhou Culture Festival”活动。请根据以下提示写一篇英语短文，介绍活动的情况并提出你对下一年文化节的建议。Guangzhou Culture Festival活动名称活动情况粤剧歌唱比赛（Cantonese Opera Competition）学生感兴趣，积极参与音乐动听，服饰美丽图片展（Picture Show）展现了广州的变化；从中了解了广州的历史和文化美食展（Food Show）（请你补充）你对下一年文化节的建议（12点）注意：1. 词数80左右（文章开头已给出，不计入词数）；2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。 In order to increase students knowledge about the traditional culture of Guangzhou, our school held a “Guangzhou Culture Festival” last Saturday _思路分析：这是一篇反映广州特色的作文，要求学生根据所给材料完成书面表达，并有一定的发挥。其中的“粤剧歌唱比赛”和“图片展”已经给出了材料，而“美食展”需要大家根据广州的美食特色进行适当的发挥。因此，这类考题就需要大家在学习课本知识之余，多关注生活实际，尤其是自己身边的事情，这样在遇到这样的题目时才能有话可说。二、多样化中考英语书面表达题在题材、体裁、形式等方面都具有多样化的特点。其体裁覆盖了记叙文、议论文和应用文等；题材涵盖了学校生活、课余活动、日常生活、人际关系、教育和社会文化等；形式涉及图表型、提纲型、漫画型和开放型作文等。三、生活化中考英语试卷书面表达的内容都是学生日常生活中常见的事情或现象，与学生的生活息息相关。试题内容常从课本出发，从英语课堂出发，紧紧贴合学生生活实际，与学生的认知水平相适应，符合学生的心理特点和认知规律。试题的选材一般从学生的生活经历出发，引导学生关注生活，突出语言的实用性。比如河北省某年的考题为：假如你叫李华，请你就“英语老师用英语还是用英汉双语教学”这一问题，根据下面的提示和要求，给你的老师Miss Li 写一封信，谈一谈你的看法。 提示：(1) What is your idea? (2) Why do you think so? (3) What is your advice? 思路分析：这是一篇半开放型书面表达，典型地反映了英语课堂的实际，贴近学生的日常生活。命题把考试与学习实际完美对接，让学生谈一谈老师用什么语言进行教学，学生有话可说，能够真正表达心声。四、创新化近年来中考书面表达的命题既有内容上也有形式上的突破，在题目的设置上条件明显放宽，突破以往某些方面的思维定势，鼓励学生学会创造性地思考问题，去自由地、有创意地表达或叙述设置的内容，或发表自己的看法，使作文内容更趋多元化、个性化。如上海的考题：Write at least 60 words about the topic “This time next year.”（以“明年此刻”）为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。明年的这个时候，你的生活会有哪些变化？你对你自己或他人的期望是什么?应该做什么来实现你的期望？（注意：短文中不得出现任何人名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分）思路分析：这是一篇引导学生畅想未来的记叙文。中考完的学生马上要面临的就是高中的崭新生活，充满着挑战和变化，而这样的命题更贴近学生当下，也能充分激发学生从多角度思考、多层次发挥。命题比较灵活，引导学生畅想一年后的生活，写作空间大。同学们，三年的初中生活就要结束了，在我们的成长过程中，既有快乐，也有烦恼。请用英文写一篇短文，内容包括：1. 你在学校或家里曾经遇到的最大问题或烦恼；2. 你解决问题或烦恼的过程；3. 你的感想。要求：1. 字数：80100字。开头已给出，不计入总字数。2. 文中不得出现真实的校名与人名。My middle school life is coming to an end. During the three years, not only did I have happy time, but I had kinds of problems. My biggest problem was_参考范文：My middle school life is coming to an end. During the three years, not only did I have happy time, but I had kinds of problems. My biggest problem was that I used to be shy. Sometimes I really didnt know whom I should ask for help when I was in trouble.First, I learned how to communicate with others and make as many friends as possible. Then when I was in trouble, I asked my classmates or friends for help because we were the same age and we could understand each other easily. Besides, I also told my teachers or parents about my trouble and asked for their help. They were full of love and had rich experience.Now, I am more outgoing than before. I can get along well with people around me.思路分析：这是一篇解决初中生活中某件烦恼的记叙文。该话题贴近初中生活，每位同学都会遇到或多或少的烦恼，都有可以倾诉的事情。在写作的时候，可以按照“总分总”三段式来表达。写作高分表达掌握写出高分作文的基本技巧，能够运用所学知识对作文进行润色和加工。重点：运用所学的语法知识，从整体上对作文进行修改，使其语言规范、连贯。难点：一篇作文中，使用多种表达方式，体现写作技巧的亮点。书面表达主要考查学生使用英语进行表达的水平，同时也是综合运用英语的大考验，要求学生能熟练运用学过的词汇、短语及语法等进行表达。它的难度高，让学生感到困难重重，有的学生不知从何下笔，有的甚至放弃不写，它成为中考丢分率较高的题型之一。书面表达是考查学生语言综合运用能力最直接有效的方式之一，它不仅要求考生有扎实的语言功底，还需要一定的策略，综合起来就是“要点+逻辑+语法+亮点”。一、要点通过审题，弄清文章的主题之后，接着就要考虑文章的内容要点，组织语言材料了。根据题目提示或说明，按事件发生的时间顺序或空间顺序或事例重要性顺序，先取那些经典的、易于表达的材料作为自己写作的重点，列出提纲。假如你热衷集邮，但家长并不支持，于是你向一个学生心声的专栏写信咨询解决的办法。内容包括：1. 你的意见：（1）增长知识；（2）减压；（3）挣钱。2. 家长意见：（1）浪费钱；（2）占了学习时间。根据中文提示，我们可以写下几个要点句子：Ive always been fond of collecting stamps since I was a child. Collecting stamps is a meaningful hobby, helping me to know a lot. Collection stamps helps me relax under the great pressure of studies. I even earn money by selling some stamps.My parents are strongly against it for they consider it as a waste of money. They think that sorting out my stamps may take up too much of my time, which should be spent on my studies.二、逻辑 这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。中考写作的评分要求上下文连贯，因此同学们应把写好要点提纲，根据故事情节、事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。同学们应注意下面过渡的用法：按事情发展的先后或时间顺序(1) Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly (2) first, then / next, after that / next, finally(3) soon, suddenly, at that moment, as soon as, from now on, at the same time, not.until, before, after, when, while, during表示并列not only. but also, both. and, either .or, neither.nor, on (the) one handon the other hand表示举例或补充(1) for example (2) besides / whats more / whats worse表示转折 however, but, although, instead of表示原因 thanks to, because of, because表示结果 as result (of), so, so.that, such.that 表目的 in order to, so that表比较 the same as, than, of all表示对比的：while; Each coin has two sides; preferto; would rather dothan do试比较：Which sentence is better?1. I played football on the playground. I fell down and hurt my legs. When I was playing football on the playground, I fell down and hurt my legs.2. We are good friends. We should help each other. We are good friends and we should help each other. As we are good friends, we should help each other. 3. I was moved and I couldnt say a word. I was so moved that I couldnt say a word. 三、语法在写好短文后，从题目要求上要对全文进行检查和修改。经过反复修改润色，才能措辞准确，句子流畅，布局严谨。一般来说，文章的检查和修改应从以下几方面入手：1. 用词方面（1）代词的格和指代关系是否用得正确。（2）名词的单复数是否正确。（3）形容词的比较级和最高级用得是否正确。（4）副词的位置是否合适。（5）动词的搭配是否准确。2. 句子方面（1）句型结构是否完整。（2）主谓人称是否一致。（3）时态、语态、语气是否正确。（4） 连词方法是否恰当。3. 段落方面（1）段落主题句是否能够概括本段的中心思想。（2）拓展句是否都围绕这一主题，有无多余句子。（3）句子之间是否连贯。（4）段落层次是否分明，是否合乎逻辑。4. 篇章方面（1）文章主题是否合理自然。（2）段落之间过渡是否合理自然。（3）文章的文体及所用的组织方法是否恰当。（4）文章内容是否充实，有无遗漏。这是一则书面表达的学生习作：I am a middle school student. I learn many subjects at school. After class, my classmates and I often took part in different school activity such as English corner, sports, music, dancing, art, etc. Im interested at computer science and I often go to our school computer group. I learn to get useful things from the Internet. I think it is important to learning to use computers because they are used everywhere in our modern life. I want to work for our country with computers when I grow up.上篇学生的习作语意连贯、行文流畅、句型句式运用灵活，但是文中还有一些错误需要指出，具体情况如下：时态错误。因为这篇文章用的都是一般现在时，且often常为一般现在时的标志，所以这里的动词took应改为take。名词单复数错误。本句中的different修饰名词时，名词应该用复数，故应将activity改为其复数形式activities。动词搭配使用错误。对感兴趣应该表达为be interested in，这是固定搭配。句型使用错误。该句型是“It is+形容词+to do sth.”，动词不定式是真正的主语。四、亮点要想把书面表达推到更高层次，写出满分作文，还需要锦上添花。在中考英语写作中，大家应注意以下几点：（1）句型多样化，不要I（We）到底，使人觉得乏味。（2）适当使用一些并列句或主从复合句。（3）进一步描绘人或事物时，适当使用高级词汇或定语从句。（4）适当使用分词或分词短语，烘托谓语动词。（5）偶尔使用一下倒装句，增加新鲜感。（6）适当调换一下状语在句子中的位置，使句子不雷同。（7）上下句子紧接时，其中完全相同的成分可以省略，以节省篇幅。范文赏析：现在养宠物狗已成为很多人生活中的一部分，请你写一篇短文谈一谈对养宠物狗的看法，内容须含利弊两方面。提示：1. 养宠物狗可给人带来快乐，消减孤独与烦恼，陪伴并帮助家人解决一些困难等。2. 养宠物狗会占用很多时间。宠物狗有一定危险性，有时会伤害孩子。另外，它会给家人和邻居带来噪音，污染周围环境等。注意：不要将上述所给的提示直接译成英文，要适当发挥或调整。词数约80左右。（句首已给出的部分不计入总词数）参考范文及点评：How Do You Like Pet Dogs? Every morning, we can see many kinds of pet dogs led by the persons who walks around. Pet dogs have become a part of their lives. I think keeping pet dogs can bring lots of pleasure to people. Sometimes, pet dogs can make people less lonely and bored, especially for the old. And they can also help the families who feed them solve some problems. They are really our good friends. But everything has two sides. It always takes us plenty of time to keep them. Sometimes, they hurt children and other people, so its dangerous. Besides, they can bring us and neighborhood much noise. Polluting the environment is also a serious problem. 动名词作主语，简化了句式，彰显了作者的写作技巧。动词bring和make使用十分恰当，形象地说明了宠物狗的可爱及用途。especially用于强调，加深了读者对后面名词的认识。该句是who引导的定语从句，彰显了作者驾驭从句的能力和扎实的语言功底。使用格言点出任何事物都有利弊，形象生动，通俗易懂，增强了文章的可读性。句型“It takes sb. some time to sth.”使用恰当，形象地说明了宠物狗花费人们时间的特征。连词so常用于议论文中，用于佐证自己的观点。besides及后面的句子，采用了不同的句式论证养宠物狗的弊端，使得文章跌宕起伏，增强了可读性。附：中考英语书面表达评分标准英语作文分四档。第一档：（15-13分）完全符合题目要求，观点正确, 要点齐全。句式多样，词汇丰富。语言准确，语意连贯，表达清楚，具有逻辑性。第二档：（12-9分）基本符合题目要求，观点正确，要点齐全。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯，表达基本清楚。虽然有少量语言错误，但不影响整体理解。第三档：（8-5分）部分内容符合题目要求，要点不齐全。语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，表达不够清楚，影响整体理解。第四档：（4-0分）与题目有关内容不多，只是简单拼凑词语，所写内容难以理解。假如你叫李明，有一位来自英国的朋友Mike。他与父母一同来到了中国。初来乍到，他发现自己在家时所学的汉语根本就不够用。因此，他给你发来一封电子邮件，向你请教如何提高汉语听说能力。请根据下面的提示，给他回一封邮件。邮件的内容包含如下要点：1. 邮件已收到，理解他所遇到的问题。 2. 提出如下建议：在课内课外要多说汉语，应尽可能与同学交流，不要担心犯错误；在家看电视时，多注意节目主持人的发音，以便提高听力水平。 3. 祝愿他学习取得进步。注意：1. 内容应包括以上要点，可适当增加细节，以使内容连贯；2. 词数：100词左右。参考范文：Dear Mike, I am glad to receive your email asking for my advice on how to improve your Chinese and I understand your problem. Here is my advice for improving your Chinese. Firstly, speak Chinese more, both in and out of class. Try your best to communicate with your classmates in Chinese. Dont be afraid of making mistakes because making mistakes is quite natural. I think the more you speak, the better your Chinese will be. Secondly, pay more attention to TV presenters in order to improve your listening when you are watching TV at home. Im sure you will make great progress as time goes on. In short, I wish you every success with your studies. Yours, Li Ming 重点话题剖析了解近三年中考常见的热点题材，掌握其常见的命题形式及有用句型。重点：做好不同题材的范文记忆。难点：一定要把握一个度，热点题材不是必考题材，还是需要同学们自己夯实基础。近年来中考英语的书面表达与学生生活及社会热点息息相关，使得不同层次的学生都有话可讲，话题学生都比较熟悉。因此，很有必要总结一下近年来常见的中考热点话题。话题一：节假日介绍【命题预测】命题人可能从下列方面出题：（1）直接给出某一个中西方节日的活动安排；（2）假设考生参加了某个盛大节日或者某个活动，要求他对节日场面或活动情况进行描述；（3）某个节日或寒暑假要来了，准备举行一个活动，以通知的形式告诉大家，希望踊跃参加；（4）以图片的形式体现节日的盛况，要求考生进行描述；（5）节日去某地度假了，回来后写信表示感谢，其中以回忆的形式体现假日活动；（6）节日物品，例如饺子的制作、红包等；（7）中西方节日的对比；（8）你的节假日如何安排，如何有意义地度过节假日。【必备词句】1. 中国节日名称The Spring Festival春节The Dragon Boat Festival端午节The Mid-autumn Festival中秋节New Years Day元旦National Day国庆节International Labor Day五一劳动节 Teachers Day教师节Childrens Day儿童节Womens Day妇女节Tomb-sweeping Day清明节Double Ninth Festival重阳节Lantern Festival元宵节2. 西方节日名称Christmas day 圣诞节Thanksgiving Day 感恩节Valentines Day 情人节April Fools Day 愚人节Halloween Day 万圣节Easter Day 复活节Mothers Day 母亲节Fathers day 父亲节3. 相关句子National Day is coming. 国庆节快到了。National Day falls on Monday this year. 今年国庆节是星期一。We celebrated the New Year with a dance party. 我们举行舞会来庆祝新年。 根据中文大意和英语提示词语，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于80词的短文。所给英文提示词供选用。注意：不要写出你的真实姓名和校名。假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友Mike想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike 写一封e-mail，向他介绍我国传统节日春节的情况。内容提示：1. 春节是中国最重要的传统节日；2. 春节期间人们的主要活动（节前、除夕、节日期间）（Spring Festival, traditional, decorate, on the eve of the festival, get together, set off fireworks, lucky money）参考范文：Dear Mike,How are you? Im really glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. There are many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Mid-Autumn Day and so on. Id like to introduce the Spring Festival to you. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China. It usually lasts for 15 days.Days before the festival, people clean their houses. They think cleaning sweeps any bad luck. They decorate their houses with paper cuts. On the eve of the festival, family members get together and have big meals. Then they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight, they set off fireworks to welcome the New Year. During the festival, kids get lucky money from old people. People visit their relatives and friends. They wish each other a happy new year and good luck. How happy we are!Best wishes！ Yours, Liu Wei话题二：环境保护随着中国经济的发展，环境问题也越来越突出，无论是前几年提出的“低碳生活”，还是近年来的PM2.5及雾霾的侵袭，特别是央视记者柴静近来的纪录片穹顶之下引发的关注，环境问题依然是今年最热的话题。【命题预测】介绍“世界环境日”；介绍“地球一小时”活动；介绍“世界水日”；介绍“无车日”活动；合理利用水资源； 日常生活中怎样进行环境保护等。【必备词句】1. 环境污染的原因cut down trees 砍伐树木pollute the environment / air 污染环境/空气water / noise/air / white pollution水/噪音/空气/白色污染send out smoke and harmful gases into the air排放烟雾和有毒气体pour waste water into rivers without being treated往河里排放未经处理的废水2. 破坏环境的后果acid rain 酸雨global warming 全球变暖sea level rise 海平面上升greenhouse effect 温室效应be harmful to/do harm to. 对有害3. 环保措施plant trees 植树sort rubbish 垃圾分类protect the ecology 保护生态save energy / water节约能源/水protect the environment 保护环境ride bicycles to work 骑自行车上班develop renewable resources可再生资源fight against pollution 与污染作斗争deal with rubbish properly正确处理垃圾stop / keep / prevent sb. from doing 阻止某人做6月5日（June 5）是世界环境保护日，我们周围的环境变得越来越糟糕，污染越来越严重。环境问题影响着人们的工作、学习、生活等，而我们的工作、生活、生产等又使环境污染越来越严重如何保护我们的环境？请以“How to protect / save our environment / world?”为题写一篇短文。提示：存在问题：1. 水污染越来越严重；2. 砍伐森林现象严重；3. 大气污染严重；4. 白色垃圾等。要求：如何改善/保护环境？至少3-4个方面，80字左右。参考范文：How to protect our world?The environmental pollution is worse and worse / more and more serious today. Water is polluted; we have no clean water to drink. Many trees are cutting down, some animals is getting less and less. Some factories are pouring dirty air in the sky, the population is increasing faster and faster, resources are getting less and lessetc. Not only does it affect our lives and health, but it also has a great affection in the future. Peoples health has been greatly affected by air, noise and water pollution. Many people died of diseases. In order to live a better life, we need to protect our world.We shouldnt throw away rubbish everywhere. We want to recycle, reduce, reuse things. Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution. Use things for as long as possible. We cant use plastic bags. We must plant more trees and stop the people cutting them. We hope our world becomes more and more beautiful.话题三：毕业感想初中毕业既是一个阶段的结束，同时又是一个新阶段的开始。近年来中考英语的书面表达与此相关的话题很多，形式也很多。【命题预测】感恩老师、家长；畅想新生活；理想职业等。【必备词句】Thank you for 因而感谢Its because that 正是因为才I want would like to be 我想要成为feel like doing想要做be prepared to do准备做decide/ be determined to决定mean / plan / intend to do计划做look forward to doing盼望做have a desire to do希望做最近，你班就“你的理想职业”展开了一次调查。请根据你们小组的情况写一篇英语短文，向英语校刊投稿。组员理想职业原因Mary时装设计师（fashion designer）喜欢漂亮衣服，擅长绘画Kate园艺工（gardener）喜爱植物，想让城市更美Mike作家愿意与别人分享精彩故事Tom厨师为别人煮健康美味的食物你？注意：1. 词数80左右（短文的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）；2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分。Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students ideal jobs. Heres a report about my group members ideas. _Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future.参考范文： Recently we did a survey in our class in order to learn about students ideal jobs. Heres a report about my group members ideas.Mary wants to be a fashion designer because she likes beautiful clothes and is good at drawing. Kate wants to be a gardener, she loves plants, and she wants to make the cities better. Mike would like to be a writer. Hed like to share his wonderful stories with others. Tom would like to be a cook. Hed like to cook delicious food for others. I would like to be a policeman. I want to protect the people safe.Hopefully everyone can realize their dreams in the future.话题四：如何减轻压力、养成良好的生活及学习习惯初中生活是人生成长的重要阶段，既有身体上的变化，又有心理上的变化，平时学习压力大，因此养成良好的生活及学习习惯十分重要，这也成为中考英语的重要话题。【必备词句】under too much / great pressure 压力大worry about / be worried about 对感到担心be anxious about. 对感到焦虑I have trouble / difficulties doing sth. 做某事、在某方面有困难need to relax 需要放松release the pressure 释放压力To solve the problem, I 我来解决这个问题。许多学习生活中的烦恼都会使人产生压力，为了更好地发现及解决同学们中存在的心理压力问题，你们班特意开展了一次以“Less Pressure, Better Life”为主题的英语演讲比赛，请你准备发言稿，谈谈你的一些缓解压力的好办法，与同学分享，内容包括：（1）同学们中普遍存在的压力是什么；（2）我的压力是什么；（3）我是如何成功缓解我的压力的。注意：文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。词数80100。参考范文：Less Pressure, Better LifeHello, boys and girls!Pressure is a serious problem in todays world. Students in our class are under too much pressure. Some students cant get on well with their classmates, while others may worry about their exams.Im always under pressure, too. My parents want me to be the top student in class. So they send me to all kinds of after-classes at weekends. Last Monday evening, I had a talk with my mother. I told her I was not lazy. I really felt tired. I needed time to relax. My mother agreed with me at last. So I think a conversation with parents is necessary to solve the problem。Thats all. Thank you!目前，举国畅行勤俭节约、反对铺张浪费。我们中学生应当在这些行动中做些什么呢？请根据下面要求，联系实际，适当发挥，以“Save Food and Eat Healthily”为题，写一篇80词左右的英语短文。要求：1. 条理清楚，有表明自己观点的句子。2. 书写工整，句式规范，标点符号和大小写使用正确。3. 短文中应尽量包括提示内容，可适当发挥，但不能出现真实的人名、地名。文章开头已给出，不计入总数。4. 参考词汇：junk food, order the food, eat up, restaurant, healthy food. Save Food and Eat HealthilyAt present, our government has called on the people to save food. _参考范文：At present, our government has called on the people to save food. As middle school students, its our duty to