2019届中考英语复习第一篇语言基础知识第11课八下Units3_4基础知识.docx

第11课 八下 Units 34课前预热中考词汇拓展重点易错单词1. rubbish 垃圾2. fold 折叠3. pass 递；走过4. hate 厌恶；讨厌5. waste 浪费6. provide 提供7. depend 依靠8. since 既然；自以来9. neighbor 邻居10. allow 允许11. wrong 错误的12. argue 争吵13. elder 年纪较长的14. instead 代替15. whatever 无论什么；任何16. nervous 焦虑的；紧张的17. offer 自动提出；自愿给予18. proper 正确的；恰当的19. secondly 第二；其次20. explain 解释21. return 归还；回来22. member 成员23. pressure 压力24. opinion 意见；看法25. continue 持续；继续存在26. compare 比较27. crazy 疯狂的28. push 督促；推动29. cause 造成；引起30. perhaps 可能；大概；也许词汇拓展1. sweep（v.） swept （过去式/过去分词）扫；打扫2. throw（v.） threw （过去式） thrown （过去分词）扔；掷3. lend（v.） lent （过去式/过去分词）供给；借出 borrow （反义词）借；借用4. develop（v.） development （n.）发展；发育；成长 developing （adj.）发展中的 developed （adj.）发达的5. fair（adj.） fairness （n.）公正；公平 unfair （反义词）不合理的；不公正的6. ill（adj.） illness （n.）疾病；病7. drop（v.） dropped （过去式/过去分词）落下；掉下8. relation（n.） relationship （n.）关系；联系9. communicate（v.） communication （n.）交流；沟通10. argue（v.） argument （n.）争论；争吵11. cloud（n.） cloudy （adj.）多云的12. proper（adj.） properly （adv.）合适地；适宜地13. two（num.） second （序数词）第二 secondly （adv.）第二；其次14. clear（adj.） clearly （adv.）清楚地；明白地15. typical（adj.） typically （adv.）典型地16. quick（adj.） quickly （adv.）很快地17. usual（adj.） unusual （反义词）不常见的；不普通的18. depend（v.） dependent （adj.）依靠的；依赖的 independent （adj.）独立的；自主的 dependence （n.）依赖；依靠；信任中考词组短语词 组1. take out the rubbish倒垃圾2. all the time反复3. as soon as 一就4. in order to为了5. depend on依靠6. take care of照顾；处理7. look through浏览8. big deal重要的事9. work out解决10. cut out删除11. compare with. 与比较12. in ones opinion依某人看13. get a ride搭车14. finish doing sth.完成做某事15. come over走上前来16. work all day整天工作17. in surprise惊讶地18. pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 递给某人某物19. lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物20. spend time on sth. 把时间花在某事上21. provide sth. for sb./offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.提供某人某物22. as a result结果是23. fall ill生病24. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事25. give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人26. offer to help主动提供帮助27. communicate with sb. 和某人交流28. leave sth. at sp. 把某东西忘在某地29. not.anymore不再30. borrow my things without returning them借了我的东西不还31. speak in front of people在人群前发言32. compete with. 与竞争33. take so many after-school classes上如此多的课后补习班34. the Taylors泰勒一家35. not.until. 直到才36. have a quick dinner迅速吃饭37. its time for sth./to do sth. 是时候做某事了38. turn down the TV把电视音量调低中考句型回顾书面表达素材1. 对分担家务的看法 The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。Housework is a waste of their time. 家务活浪费他们的时间。Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每个人都应该尽自己的职责来保持它的干净和整洁。Doing chores helps to develop childrens independence and teaches them how tolook after themselves. 做家务有助于培养孩子们的独立性，并且教会他们如何照顾自己。It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家里给他们的孩子提供一个干净又舒适的环境是家长们的责任。I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我认为对孩子们来说学习怎样做家务和帮助他们的父母做家务很重要。2. 人际交往与沟通My problem is that I cant get on with my family. 我的问题是我不能与家人好好相处。 Why dont you sit down and communicate with your brother?你为什么不坐下来和你兄弟谈一谈？I hope things will be better for you soon. 我希望事情对你来说很快就变得更好。Although its normal to want successful children, its even more important to have happy children.虽然想要成功的孩子这一想法很正常，但拥有快乐的孩子更加重要。语法精萃He should talk to his friend so that he can say hes sorry. 他应该和他朋友交谈以便他能对朋友说对不起。You shouldnt wait until the last minute to study for a test. 你不应该等到最后一刻才去考前学习。 Although hes your best friend, you should still tell him that copying others homework is wrong.虽然他是你最好的朋友，你仍需告诉他抄他人作业是不对的。情景交际 Could you please take the dog for a walk? 请你遛一下狗好吗？Sorry, I cant. I have to study for my math test. 对不起，我不能。我要为数学考试而学习。 Could I watch TV? 我可以看电视吗？Yes, you can, but first you have to clean your room.可以，但你必须先打扫房间。课堂突破中考重点单词与短语一、instead的用法【例句展示】1. Jim didnt buy himself anything. Instead, he bought his mother a scarf.吉姆没给自己买任何东西，而给他的妈妈买了一条围巾。2. At last, I decided to cook at home instead of eating outside.最终我决定在家烧饭，而不在外面吃。【精讲辨析】1. instead作副词，意为“代替；反而”。常放在句首或句尾，放在句首常用逗号与句子隔开。2. instead of后跟名词、代词或动名词，意为“代替；而不是”。【活学活用】用instead或instead of填空。1. If you have no cream, you can use milk_ .2._ going out, he invited his friends to his home.二、return的用法【例句展示】1. Please return the book to the library on time.请按时把书归还给图书馆。2. When would you like to return?你想要什么时候回来？【精讲辨析】return作动词，意为“归还”时相当于give back；意为“返回”时相当于come/go back。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。When the hero_ （回到） his hometown, most people came to meet him.三、whatever的用法【例句展示】Whatever you do, dont miss this exhibition.无论你做什么，你都不要错过本次展览。【精讲辨析】whatever是代词，意为“不管什么；无论什么”，可用来引导让步状语从句，whatever可用no matter what替换。如：Whatever you do, I always believe you.=I always believe you no matter what you do.无论你做什么，我总是相信你的。其他类似的词：whenever无论什么时候；wherever无论在哪；however无论怎样；whoever无论谁。【活学活用】根据汉语提示完成句子。Its warm there all year round. So you can go there_（无论何时） you like.四、care的用法【例句展示】1. I know my mother cares about me.我知道妈妈关心我。2. Care for Mother Earth.关爱地球母亲。3. She doesnt seem to care for him.她似乎不喜欢他。【精讲辨析】1. care作不及物动词，意为“关心；照顾；喜爱；在乎；在意”。常用短语：care for喜欢，关爱，照顾；care about担心，在乎，关心。2. care作名词，意为“当心；注意；照料”。常用短语：take care小心，当心，注意；take care of照顾。【活学活用】用方框中所给词或词组的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 take care care for care about care 1. Lily spent years_ her sick uncle.2. Coffee or tea, either is OK. I dont_ .3._ , a car may hit you.4. Dont_ what other people think of you, do what you like.五、neither的用法【例句展示】1. Neither of them is welcome.他俩都不受欢迎。2. Neither book was very interesting.两本书都没什么意思。【精讲辨析】1. neither作代词，意为“（两者之中）无一个；任何一个都不”。常用于neither of.结构中，此时谓语动词用单数。2. neither作形容词，意为“两者都不的”，修饰单数名词。3. Me neither. 是Me，too. 的反义句，表示说话者的情况与上述否定句所说的内容一样，是省略句型，不可用主格。如：Id like to go to the movies tonight.我今晚想去看电影。Me, too.我也想去。I dont want to attend the meeting, its boring.我不想去开会，它令人心烦。Me neither.我也不想去。相关词组：neither.nor.（既不也不），它可以连接主语、谓语、宾语等成分，但它连接主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则；either.or.（或者或者）和not only.but （also）.（不但而且）连接主语时也遵循就近原则。但both.and.（两者都）连接主语时谓语动词则用复数。【活学活用】A）用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Do you like your new T-shirt?Yes. Not only I but also my mother_（like） it.B）用适当的词填空。2. Which would you like, milk or coffee?_. Tea, please.六、look through的用法【例句展示】I need some money. Im going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.我需要一些钱。我打算浏览报纸找一份假期工作。【精讲辨析】1. look through意为“浏览”。如：There are two people looking through books in a bookstore.有两个人正在书店里看书。2. look through还有“检查；审查”之意。如：Youd better look through your examination papers before you hand them in.在你们上交考试卷之前最好仔细检查一下。3. 有关look的短语：look at看着；have a look看一下；look for寻找；look like看起来像；look after照料；look up（在书中）查阅；look the same看起来一样；look around环顾四周；look down on轻视，看不起；look forward to盼望，期待；look out注意；look over仔细检查；look up and down上下打量。【活学活用】用look构成的短语的适当形式填空。After the students exercise books had been handed in, the teacher_ the exercises and marked the mistakes.中考重点句型一、Could you please take out the rubbish?你能倒一下垃圾吗？【例句展示】1. Could you please open the door?请开一下门好吗？Sure. 当然。2. Could I use your dictionary?我可以用一下你的字典吗？3. Can you give us your ideas?你可以给我们一些你的意见吗？4. May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗？【归纳提高】can, could, may与might都表示请求、许可。其区别如下：1. may的语气比can委婉。2. could是can的过去式，但在Could you/I.?中没有时态的概念，表请求帮助或请求允许，用以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气。3. might是may的过去式，在请求对方许可时，Might I.?比May I.?更礼貌些。其肯定回答常用：Sure./OK./All right./Of course./Certainly.；否定回答则常用：Sorry./Oh, please dont./Sorry, Im afraid I cant.。【活学活用】根据上下文语境给出恰当的回答。1. I cant find my seat. Could you show me, sir?_ . May I see your ticket, please?2. Could I smoke here?_ . Some children are here.3. Could I try on those shoes in the window?_ . They are just on show.二、The+比较级， the+比较级. 越就越。【例句展示】1. The more I learn Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.对中国历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。2. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。【归纳提高】“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，意为“越就越”。还有“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。1. 读越多的英语杂志，你就能记住越多的单词。_ English magazines you read,_words you can remember.2. 你学习越努力，得到的成绩越好。_ you work,_ grades you will get.3. 越来越多的人认识到保持健康是最重要的。_ people realize that keeping healthy is the most important.三、Why dont you talk to your parents?为什么不和你的父母谈一谈？【例句展示】What a sunny day!Why not go for a walk?多么晴朗的天气！为什么不出去散步呢？【归纳提高】1. Why not do.?=Why dont you do.?，是提建议的两种表达方式。2. 类似的表达方式：Shall we do sth.?Lets do sth.Would you like sth./to do sth.?Will/Could you please do sth.?How/What about sth./doing sth.?Youd better do sth.You should/must/have to.其肯定回答为：Good idea!/OK./Wonderful!/Great!/Sounds good.等；其否定回答为：Sorry, but.等。【活学活用】用适当的词填空。A nice day today, isnt it?Yes._ go for a picnic and relax ourselves?四、否定句+and+neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语【例句展示】1. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I.她一个星期没做家务活，我也没有做。2. He doesnt like swimming and neither do I.他不喜欢游泳，我也不喜欢。3. You cant speak Japanese and neither can I.你不会说日语，我也不会。4. Hes been to Hong Kong and so have I.他去过香港，我也去过。【归纳提高】1. “neither+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“也不”。neither此处用作副词，意为“也不”。2. “so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”表示“也是”。【活学活用】根据汉语意思翻译句子。我不会弹钢琴，我妹妹也不会。I cant play the piano, and_ .中考词语辨析一、pass与past【例句展示】1. You will pass a bank on your left.在你的左边你会路过一个银行。2. She passed her math exam.她通过了数学考试。3. He slowly walked past the house.他慢慢地走过这座房子。4. It is half past eleven in the evening now, the shop is closed.现在是晚上11点半了，商店关门了。【辨异突破】1. pass作动词，意为“通过；经过；传递”。常用短语：pass on to传递给；pass by从旁边经过；pass sb. sth. 递给某人某物。2. past作介词，意为“经过；过”。常用短语：walk past走过；half past 过半。3. passed是pass的过去式，音与past同。也可作形容词，意为“过去的”。【活学活用】用pass或past填空。1. Please_ me the salt, Bill.OK.2. Work harder and youre sure to_ the exam.3. Class begins at five_ eight.4. In the_ few years, he has made some great action movies.二、drop与fall【例句展示】1. If I drop this glass, it will break.如果我让杯子掉下，它就会摔碎。2. Dont drop, youll succeed.别放弃，你会成功的。3. Tears began to fall down my face.眼泪开始从我的脸上滚落下来。【辨异突破】1. drop既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“落下”，可指有意行为，也可指无意行为。当表示无意行为时可与fall互换。drop又可意为“放弃”，相当于giveup。2. fall多指由于身体失去平衡或某种原因而向下坠落，多为无意行为。常作不及物动词，不能直接接宾语。3. drop作名词时，意为“（液体）滴”。4. fall作名词时，意为“秋天”。【活学活用】用drop或fall的适当形式填空。1. She_ the plate and it broke into pieces.2. Jim_ off his bike on his way home. Luckily, he didnt hurt badly.三、above, on与over【例句展示】1. There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。2. Her village was 2,000 meters above sea level.她的村庄在海平面2 000米以上。3. There is a light over the dining table.餐桌的正上方有一盏灯。【辨异突破】三者都是介词，都表示“在之上”，但用法不同。on指在物体的表面上，和物体接触；above指在物体的上方，不和物体接触，也不一定是在物体的正上方；over指在物体正上方，不和物体接触。【活学活用】用above, on或over填空。1. In the day, the temperature will stay_ 15.2. The T-shirt_ the bed is Mikes.3. There is a national flag_ the blackboard in our classroom.四、borrow, lend, keep与return【例句展示】1. I borrowed a book from the library yesterday.我昨天从图书馆借了本书。2. He lent his bike to me.他把他的自行车借给了我。3. You can keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。4. If you cant return the book on time, you must renew it.如果你不能准时归还这本书，你必须续借。【辨异突破】以主语为标准，borrow意为“借进”；lend意为“借出”；keep本意为“保留”，可用于表示“借一段时间”；return意为“归还；返回”，return.to.相当于give.back to.，意为“归还给”，但不能说return.back to.。相关短语：borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物；lend sth. to sb./lend sb. sth. 借某物给某人。【活学活用】用borrow, lend, keep或return的适当形式填空。Jim, can I 1_ your car?Sorry, I 2_ it to Steven just now.How long will he 3_ it?Two days.Can you 4 it to me when Steven 5 it to you?Sure.五、offer与provide【例句展示】1. He offered me a cup of coffee.=He offered a cup of coffee to me.他给了我一杯咖啡。2. He offered to help me with my math.他主动帮助我学数学。3. The hotel provides shoe cleaning service for guests.这家酒店为客人提供擦鞋服务。【辨异突破】1. offer作动词，意为“提供”。offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.为某人提供某物，用法相当于give, show，后接双宾语；offer to do sth.主动做某事。2. provide意为“提供”。其用法为：provide sb. with sth.或provide sth. for sb.为某人提供某物。【活学活用】用offer或provide的适当形式填空。1. Soft drinks are_ to children for free in some restaurants on Childrens Day.2. I really want to_ my parents with abetter life if I find a good job.六、begin与start【例句展示】1. The English evening party will begin at 9:00.英语晚会将在9点开始。2. Lets start to sweep the room at once.我们现在就开始打扫房间吧。【辨异突破】begin指开始某一行动或进程，与end相对；start动作性较强，着重于开始或着手这一动作，带有突然开始的意思，其反义词为stop。这两个动词都可以作及物或不及物动词。作及物动词时都可后接名词、动词-ing形式或动词不定式。在许多场合它们实际上没有什么区别。但如果表示“（机器）开动；创办；开设；出发；动身”等情况，只能用start，不能用begin。【活学活用】用begin或start的适当形式填空。1. This program was_ by the Ministry ofEducation.2. When I got home, it_ to rain.3. Our class_ at 8:00 a.m.中考写作突破烦恼压力与问题解决篇【话题解读】日常生活中同学们经常会遇到各种问题，从而引发烦恼和压力，命题者常见两种形式命题：1. 说说你的成长烦恼和所面临的压力。2. 针对对方的问题，请提出合理建议帮助对方解决问题，此类题目常以表格要点提示或邮件、书信的形式出现，文章多用一般现在时。【常见表达】1. Too much pressure is not good for a childs development.2. In my opinion, to deal with stress, wed better plan and prepare well.3. We should also form some good habits, such as enough exercise and healthy diets.4. My problem is that I cant get on with my family.5. Why dont you talk about these feelings with your family?6. You shouldnt wait until the last minute to study for a test.7. I hope things will be better for you soon.【典型例题】（海宁模拟）Bob收到了Tony的一封来信，请仔细阅读全文。Dear Bob,Every time I get a phone call or a mail, my parents want to know whom the call/mail is from, and how I got to know the personno matter who calls me or writes to me. Last week, they found out that I drank and hung out（闲逛） with my friends by looking through my diary. Now they tell me I cant hang out with my friends ever again. Im so angry and I think something must be done to stop them. I think my privacy（隐私） was violated（侵犯）. As a teenager, I know what I did isnt right, but this is making me so sad. I dont know what to do. What should I do?Please write to me soon and tell me what I can do.Tony假如你是Bob，请根据信件内容及下面的提示给Tony写一封回信，给他一些建议。提示：（1）理解父母，理解他们的做法；（2）尝试和父母沟通，减轻他们的担心；（3）要求：（1）回信必须包括以上内容，可适当发挥想象，增加内容；（2）词数：80100；（3）信的首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。【范文展示】Dear Tony,Im very happy to hear from you. I feel sorry about what your parents did. But I think you need to understand them more. Parents do those just because they want to protect their children and dont want them to get into trouble. Of course, I do agree that your parents should respect your right of privacy, so youd better have a good talk with them and try to make them believe you again. Maybe you need to help them to ease their fears. Try to explain that you have nothing to hide and want to share your experiences with them.I hope you can solve it successfully.Sincerely,Bob【亮点点评】1. 本文针对Tony来信中的问题一一提出了建议，要点齐全、行文婉转、观点明确。2. 宾语从句.sorry about what your parents did, .agree your parents should respect your right of privacy, .explain that you have nothing to hide.的运用是本文的一大亮点。当堂检测一、根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子。1. Yesterday afternoon, Kevin_ （借） two books to me.2. He does nothing all day. He is just_ （浪费） his time.3. They_ （提供） him with a good job when he was in Japan.4. Its very important for parents to develop their kids_（独立性）.5. Do you get on well with your_ （邻居）?6. He didnt work hard and his grades_ （下降）.7. He often c_ to do housework after finishing his homework.8. Boys and girls, education is an important part of yourd_.9. He used to c_ a lot of trouble for his family.10. Maybe parents should c_ out a few of their kids activities.11. What are your o_ about his problem?12. If you want to go in, please p_ the door.13. Both of us h_ traveli