2017-2018学年八年级英语下册ModuleSummerinLosAngeles词句精讲精练含解析新版外研版.docx

Module 7 Summer in Los Angeles词汇精讲1. provideprovide为及物动词，意为“提供”。provide常与介词with或for连用，provide sb. with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”，其同意表达为 provide sth. for sb.。例如：Sheep provide us with wool. =Sheep provide wool for us.羊供给我们羊毛。The Sun provides us with light and heat.太阳给我们提供光和热。【拓展】辨析：offer，provide与supplyoffer 1）给予，提供(有主观上愿意供给的意思)。He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。2）愿意，试图(做某事)；提议+to do They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。3）offer还有“出价，给工资”的意思。We offered him the calculator for $50. 这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。provide1）作及物动词，“提供装备，供给”。provide sb.with sth.= provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物She managed to provide her children with food and clothing. 她设法使她的孩子有饭吃，有衣穿。2）作不及物动词，“抚养，赡养”(+for)He tried to earn more money to provide for a large family.他设法多挣钱以供养一个大家庭。supply作及物动词，“供给，供应；补充，满足”，其后常用介词to，for和with。We supply power to the three nearby towns. 我们给附近的三个城镇提供电力。Our farm supplies the market with fruits. 我们的农场为这家市场提供水果。2. prefer（1）prefer是及物动词，意思是“更喜欢、比较喜欢”，相当于like better。例如：Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? 你比较喜欢哪一样，米饭还是面包？（2）由prefer构成的短语：1） prefer A to B意为“喜欢A胜过B、比起B来更喜欢A”，此短语中A和B的形式一样，可以是名词、代词或者动名词，但必须两个词形式统一。例如：We prefer apples to oranges. 比起桔子来我们更喜欢苹果。My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。 2） prefer to do something rather than do something意为“宁愿做某事，而不愿意做某事。”此短语中prefer 的后面用动词不定式，than的后面用省略to的动词不定式。例如：They prefer to stay at home and watch TV, rather than go out for a walk. 他们宁愿呆在家里看电视，也不愿意出去散步。3. fillfill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词 with 连用。例如：Everythingisfilledwithnewlife.万物充满了生气。He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。【拓展】full作为形容词，意为“充满的”。be full of 意为“充满的”。 例如：Pleasetellmethefullstory. 请将全部情况告诉我。 Thetrainwastravelingatfullspeed. 火车正全速前进。 The room is full of young people. 房间里全是年轻人。 4. weigh(1) weigh表示“称的重量”，是及物动词；表示“重(多少)”，是不及物动词。例如：He weighed the fish. 他称了这条鱼。Do you often weigh yourself? 你经常称体重吗?He weighs 60 kilos. 他体重60公斤。The meat weighs five pounds. 这肉重五磅。【拓展】（1）weight是名词，意为“重量，体重”。例如：Whats your weight? 你体重是多少？（2）比较：by weight 和 in weightby weight表示“按重量”，in weight表示“重量上”。例如：Do they charge carriage by weight? 他们是按重量收取运费吗?Its smaller in size but greater in weight. 它体积比较小，但分量比较重。5. testtest可作名词或动词，意为“测验，考查”，多指简短但正式的考试。例如：They are taking a spell test.他们正在接受拼写测验。【拓展】quiz一词在美式英语中常用来表示课堂上进行的简单小测验，可当“随堂练，随堂测”讲。也可意为“知识测验，小测验”，例如：They are having a quiz now. 他们正进行小测验。He took part in a television quiz and won a prize. 他参加了一个电视知识竞赛并得了奖。6. certaincertain是形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做某事be certain / sure + that从句 确信 例如： They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。 Im certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。【拓展】certain和sure的辨析： 两词都含有“确信，肯定”之意，其区别如下：(1) certain为形容词，不仅表示相信，而且表示有根据，主语既可以是人也可以是物。例如： He is certain to come. 他一定会来。 Its certain that he won the game now. 现在可以肯定他赢得了这场比赛。(2) sure既可以是形容词也可作副词，常表示人的主观愿望或信念，主语通常是人。例如： Kids nowadays seem very sure of themselves. 现在的小孩显得非常自信。 Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow? 明天我可以顺路搭你的车去上班吗？ Sure. 当然可以。7. sound（1）sound做连系动词讲时，意为“听起来”，后面跟名词或者形容词作表语，构成主系表结构。例如：Your idea sounds great. 你的想法听起来很不错。（2）sound当名词讲时，意为“自然界的各种声音”。例如：Sound travels slower than light. 声音传播比光慢。【拓展】常见的连系动词有：be动词（am，is, are）; 和感官有关的词（look 看起来， feel 摸起来，taste 吃起来，smell 闻起来）；表示改变，变化含义的词（get，become，turn，go, come）；以及其他常用词seem等。例如：His face turns red. Do you know why? 他的脸变红了。你知道为什么吗？The food went bad. 食物坏了。8. be crazy aboutbe crazy about意为“对而疯狂，热爱，痴迷于”，about为介词，后跟名词或动名词。例如：I used to be crazy about the hunting season. 过去，打猎的季节使我疯狂。I am crazy about playing basketball. 我热衷于篮球。【拓展】表达“喜欢”的其他短语：be interested in ; be fond of等。例如：He is interested in the French culture. 他对法国文化感兴趣。My brother is fond of classical music. 我弟弟喜欢古典音乐。词汇精练I. 英汉短语互译。1prepare for _2make a list_3have a great time_4at the same time _5as well as_6为付款_7在的起初_8和某人建立亲密的友谊_9和某人保持联系_10去购物_II. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1With a family，you get a lot more speaking and listening p_2The sports meeting d_ on the weather3How long does the course I _? For three months4Its a great way to study together in g_5Im doing an English c_ in the USA6I _(更喜欢) play football7They want to _(体验) life in the US8Our parents _(提供) us with all we need9I dont like the _(短裤) because theyre too tight10The boy has made great _(进步) in the last two yearsIII. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1Study hard，or you _(not pass) the exam2Many things in America are _(expensive) than those in China3I prefer _(swim) to _(play) games4I am looking forward to _(visit) the museum5Youd better _(not cross) the street【参考答案】I. 英汉短语互译。1对做准备 2列清单 3玩得很高兴 4同时 5除以外，还 6pay for 7at the beginning of 8form close friendship with sb 9stay in touch with sb10go shoppingII. 根据句意和首字母提示完成单词。1practice 2depends 3last 4group 5course 6prefer 7experience 8provide 9shorts 10progressIII. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1 wont pass 2more expensive 3swimming；playing 4visiting 5not cross句式精讲1. but I dont know what to take.what to take为“疑问代词+动词不定式”结构, 在句中作know的宾语。特殊疑问词+动词不定式，在句中可以作主语，宾语和表语。例如：I want to know what to do next.（作宾语）我想要知道下一步做什么。How to improve English is important to us.（作主语）如何提高英语对我们很重要。The question is when to start.（作表语）问题是什么时候动身。2. You had better ask the travel company about the total weighhad better(常简略为d better)是一固定词组，had better意为“最好”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或表示一种愿望。其用法有以下几点： (1) had better后面必须跟动词原形，构成had better do sth.句型。例如： Youd better go to hospital at once.你最好立即去医院看病。 Tom, youd better go there today.汤姆，你最好今天去那里。 (2) 主语不论是第几人称，句子不论是什么时态，都要用had better的形式。例如： Now you (he; we) had better listen to the teacher.你(他，我们)现在最好听老师讲。3. Oh, by the way, dont forget to take your passport.by the way意为“顺便说一声”。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？【拓展】（1）in the way有“挡路”的意思，还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。In this way，he has collected a great many stamps。用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。（2）on the way 意为“在去某地的路上”。例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate。在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。（3）get in the way of意为“受到的阻碍”。例如：Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。（4）in a way意为“从某种意义上说”。例如：Ina way，it is an important book。在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。4. Im leaving at the end of Julyend 作为名词，意为“结束；结尾”。常用于句型：at the end of意为“在末尾”。例如：The bank is at the end of the street.银行在这条街的尽头。【拓展】（1）end 作为不及物动词，意为“结束；终止”，其主语通常是物。例如：Our morning classes end at 11:50 a.m. 我们上午的课程在11：50结束。（2）end 作为及物动词，意为“结束；完成”，其主语通常是人。例如：She ended her email. 她写完了电子邮件。5. and it depends on your personal choice.depend意思为“依靠、依赖、取决于”等，只用作不及物动词，通常与介词 on, upon 连用，有时可在某人或某物后用介词for。主要用法有：(1) depend on/upon某人或某物Whether well go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。(2) depend on /upon从句Our success depends on whether everyone works hard or not. 我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。The amount you pay depends on where you live. 你付多少钱要看你住什么地方。(3)口语中说 It (all) depends. /That depends.意为“那要看情况”。Are you going too? 你也去吗?That depends. 那要看情况。句式精练I. 同义句转换。1We provided them with free books(写出同义句) We _ free books _ them2They offered the poor children bread(写出同义句) They _ bread _ the poor children3If you dont listen carefully，you wont know what to do(写出同义句) _ carefully，_ you wont know what to do4I like English better than Chinese(写出同义句) I _ English _ Chinese5I spent 10 yuan on the pen(写出同义句) I _ 10 yuan _ the pen6The flight will leave in ten minutes(对划线部分提问) _ _ will the flight _?7I know a little about American culture(对划线部分提问) _ _ do you know about American culture?8I am making a list of things for my trip(对划线部分提问) _ are you _ a list of things?9I dont know what I can take(写出同义句) I dont know _ _ take10Youd better ask the travel company(变为否定句) Youd better _ _ the travel companyII. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。1在同时，我妈妈在看杂志。 My mother was reading a magazine _ _ _ _2请把你需要的列个清单。 Please _ _ _ of what you need3顺便说一下，不要忘记带你的护照。 _ _ _，dont forget to take your passport4我不知道做什么。 I dont know _ _ _5我和我的老师们已经建立了亲密的友谊。 I _ _ close friendship _ my teachers6你最好把你的想法写下来。 _ _ write down your ideas7我们不应该依靠父母。 We shouldnt _ _ our parentsIII. 补全对话。根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。A: Morning, Tina. Did you enjoy your holiday in the country last week?B: Yes, I really had a lot of fun there.A: Great! 1. ?B: With some of my friends.A: 2. ? In a hotel?B: No. We camped in a mountain village. And we cooked our meals over an open fire.A: Sou