2018届高三英语二轮复习专题一语法填空和短文改错第一讲语法填空课时作业.docx

语法填空专题强化训练1语法填空(一)学生用书P85(单独成册)A(2017甘肃兰州高考实践模拟考试)Researchers from Shandong University in east China and the University of California, Riverside in the US. have created paper which can stand to be reprinted on 1._(score) of times, reported the Daily Mail in the UK.A sheet of the special paper can stand to be reprinted on up 2._80 times, according to the report. The print material is ultraviolet(紫外线的)，and the printed words and images disappear when the paper is heated to 120 degrees Celsius.The core technology is said to be the ink , and any paper could 3._(make) reprintable if it can be 4._(safe) heated to the right temperature.The chemicals in the ink include Prussian blue and titanium dioxide(二氧化钛)The blue component 5._(lose) its color when bombarded(冲击) with electrons(电子)The special paper 6._(it) is blue before printing. When ultraviolet rays are used in the printing process, titanium dioxide in the chemical compound(化合物) loses electrons, 7._are then obtained by the Prussian blue. Most of the sheet loses its blue color, 8._(leave) behind words!But the words on the paper are readable for 9._limited time only. After five days, the sheet of paper will have returned to its original blue color and the words will be gone. The duration(持续时间) is even 10._(short) if the paper is heated, even for only a few seconds.解题导语本文主要介绍了一项新的发明可多次复印的特殊纸张。1scores解析：考查固定词组。scores of 为固定词组，意为“大量，很多”，与times呼应。2to解析：考查介词。up to .意为“到达(某数量)”，与80 times 呼应，故用介词 to。3be made解析：考查被动语态。make 和句子主语 paper 之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且与情态动词 could 呼应，故用be made。4safely解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词safely 在句子中作状语。5loses解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。与上文 include 呼应可知，此处应用一般现在时，且由主语 The blue component 为单数形式可知，应用 loses。6itself解析：考查代词。此处 itself 是反身代词，和句子主语The special paper表示同一物，起强调的作用。7which解析：考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词 electrons。8leaving解析：考查非谓语动词。leave 和句子谓语 loses 之间没有连词，且与其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。9a解析：考查冠词。time 作“一段时间”讲时是不可数名词，但被冠词和形容词修饰时，表示具体的概念，故此处用不定冠词 a 修饰。10shorter解析：考查形容词比较级。此处的 even for only a few seconds 和上文的 After five days 形成对比，由此可知时间更短，故用 shorter。B(2017长春监测二)On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1._(quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2._rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3._(leave) everywhere.Sally walked onto the platform, 4._(pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5._(look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 . In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6._the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.7_(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8._， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9._she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10._(confident)解题导语本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则，最终感化学生的故事。1had quit(ted)解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。根据语境，quit 的动作发生在 was told 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填 had quit(ted)。2the解析：考查冠词。句意：当她走进教室的时候，教室里一片混乱：两个男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到处跑，到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 为固定短语，意为“其余的”。故填 the。3left解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with宾语宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为 paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词 leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填 left。4picked解析：考查动词的时态。句意：萨莉走上讲台，拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下：“规则1：我们是一家人！”。分析句子结构可知，设空处与 walked 和 wrote 为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填 picked。5to look解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to look。6on/onto解析：考查介词。句意：接下来的几周，萨莉制定了10条班级规则，并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post.on/onto.意为“把张贴在上”，故填 on 或 onto。7Surprisingly解析：考查词性转换。句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Surprisingly。8instead解析：考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。9as解析：考查定语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如”。故填 as。10confidence解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词，故填 confidence。C(2017贵阳一中第四次适应性考试)Imagine a road crossing without the threeway traffic signal. Cars, trucks, school buses, bicyclists and students walking to school would try to rush through the crossing 1._the same time. Their safety would be in danger.Thanks to an AfricanAmerican 2._(invent) named Garrett Augustus Morgan, we have threeposition traffic signals that help make crossings much safer. Mr.Morgan was born in Kentucky in 1877. He only 3._(receive) six years education. As a teen he left his familys farm in search of better opportunities. 4._(live) in Cincinnati, Ohio, he continued his studies in English grammar. Then he moved on to Cleveland 5._he worked as a repairman for a clothing factory. He had a keen interest in solving problems 6._(meet) in everyday life. Later he patented (获得的专利权)several inventions. The threeway traffic signal was just one of his famous inventions. One day he felt very sad when he saw a traffic accident. 7._(help) reduce traffic accidents and save peoples lives, he 8._(immediate) began to work on the invention. Finally, it was 9._great success which saved lives then, and 10._(be) still saving lives today.解题导语本文介绍了发明三岔路交通信号灯的非裔美国人，并介绍了这一发明对人类的重要性。1at解析：考查介词。句意：汽车、卡车、校车、骑自行车的人、步行去学校的学生可能会同时想冲过十字路口。at the same time 意为“同时”，为固定短语。故填 at。2inventor解析：考查词性转换。句意：多亏一位名叫加勒特奥古斯塔斯摩根的非裔美国人的发明家，我们才拥有了三岔口的交通信号灯，帮助我们更安全地过马路。设空前有冠词 an 及 AfricanAmerican 修饰， 因此设空处应用名词形式；根据 named Garrett Augustus Morgan可知，此处指人。故填 inventor。3received解析：考查动词的时态。句意：他仅仅接受了六年的教育。根据句意，此处讲述过去的事情，故应用一般过去时。故填 received。4Living解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他居住在俄亥俄州的辛辛那提并继续学习英语语法。live 与主语 he 之间为主动关系，因此应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填Living。5where解析：考查定语从句。句意：之后他搬去了克利夫兰，在那里他在一家服装厂做修理工。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为 Cleveland, 且在从句中充当地点状语，故应用 where 引导该从句。6met 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语 had，设空处应用非谓语动词；meet 与 problems 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填 met。7To help解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助减少交通事故，拯救人们的生命，他立刻开始致力于这项发明。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填 To help。8immediately解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰谓语动词 began, 应用副词形式。故填 immediately。9a解析：考查冠词。句意：最终，这项发明取得了伟大成功，拯救了生命，并在当今仍在拯救生命。success在此为抽象名词具体化，表示“一件成功的事”， 其前应用不定冠词 a。10is解析：考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。根据时间状语today 可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语为 it，故填 is。专题强化训练2语法填空(二)学生用书P86(单独成册)A(2017唐山一模)With only about 1，800 ones left in the wild, all giant pandas are precious. However, Qizai, 1._ sevenyearold panda that lives at the Foping Panda Valley in Chinas Shaanxi Province, is even more so. Thats because he is among a handful of giant pandas 2._(know) to be the only one 3._brown and white fur in the reserve. The 220pound Qizai has become a superstar, and many 4._(toy) in his color have been made. However, life has not always been easy for him.It was when he was just two months old that Qizai was abandoned by his mother. He spent his early years at the Shaanxi Rare Wildlife Rescue Center. Then he 5._(send) to his current home，6._there were many other giant pandas. However, the other pandas seemed 7._(dislike) him and often bullied(欺负) him by stealing his bamboo.Researchers are not sure why Qizai has different fur. Some assume that the brown fur is a result of a gene problem and 8._think that it is due to climate. 9._(hopeful), scientists will be able to make a 10._(discover) by observing Qizais children.解题导语世界上只有1 800只野生大熊猫，因此它们弥足珍贵，而拥有棕色皮毛的大熊猫七仔则更加稀有。1a解析：考查冠词。句意：然而，七仔一只生活在中国陕西省佛坪熊猫谷的七岁大熊猫则更加珍贵。分析句子结构可知，此处_sevenyearold panda是Qizai的同位语，且句中panda是单数，故填不定冠词a，表泛指。2known解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：那是因为我们都知道它是保护区内一群大熊猫中唯一一只有着棕白相间的毛色的大熊猫。设空处在句中作定语，修饰pandas，且逻辑主语pandas与动词know 之间为被动关系，故填过去分词known。3with解析：考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，这只大熊猫具有这样的特征。with有“具有；带有”的意思，符合句意。故填with。4toys解析：考查名词单复数。句意：这只重220磅的大熊猫七仔已成为超级明星，很多玩具的颜色都做得跟它的一样。toy为可数名词，其前有many修饰，故应用复数形式，故填toys。5was sent解析：考查动词的时态和语态。句意：然后它被送到了它现在的家，那里有很多其他大熊猫。设空处为主句的谓语，send与主语he之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上一句时态可知，此处为发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。故填was sent。6where解析：考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词home，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。7to dislike解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，其他大熊猫好像不喜欢它，经常欺负它，偷它的竹子。seem 后接动词不定式，故填to dislike。8others解析：考查代词。句意：一些人认为棕色皮毛是基因问题，另一些人认为是气候原因。some.others.是固定搭配，意为“一些另一些”，故填others.9Hopefully解析：考查词性转换。句意：科学家们有望通过观察七仔的孩子来获得发现。设空处在句中作状语，要用副词形式。故填Hopefully。10discovery解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。不定冠词后接可数名词单数，故填discovery。B(2017广州检测二)In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But theres another classical dance form with a long history 1._has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.Classical Chinese dance is 2._incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most comprehensive dance systems 3._(know) to humankind.4_recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese companies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5._they had just seen.In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company 6._ (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7._(tradition) culture, and this included 8._(present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has become much 9._(well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet.Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10._(story) and move us through beautiful art.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。1which/that解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，补充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the world scene, 所以该定语从句的先行词是“classical dance form”，指物，且从句中缺主语。故用 which/that。2an解析：考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。空格处表示“一种”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。故用 an。3known解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句有谓语动词“is”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；因为动词know与它修饰的名词“systems”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。故用known。4Until解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指直到最近，很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。until意为“到为止”，通常与完成时态搭配，until recently 意为“直到最近”，符合语境。故用Until。注意首字母大写。5what解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语。故用what。6was established解析：考查动词的时态和语态。动词establish与“the Shen Yun Performing Arts Company”之间是被动关系；又因为本文都使用了一般过去时，因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故用was established。7traditional解析：考查词性转换。结合句意可知，此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。故用traditional。8presenting解析：考查非谓语动词。include后要接动名词作宾语。故用presenting。9better解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，不到十年的时间，中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。此处much修饰副词well的比较级。故用better。10stories解析：考查名词复数。story是可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰，故应用其复数形式。故用stories。C(2017重庆调研抽测二)I love my mom. 1._(raise) in the South, she was a teenage hippie(嬉皮士)，minus the politics and plus a countryclub membership. When I was 11, my dad announced their 2._(separate) and divorce.It wasnt especially 3._(surprise), but I cried, and then thought that living in two places might be fun. Through the years, my mom has taught 4._(I) many things, not so much through her words, 5._through her actions.I remember watching my mother bake cheesecakes, 6._(efficient) manage departments at Macys and stand up for her children. But I also remember her choosing “friends” incorrectly, and investing in weak pride because she lacked 7._(confident) in her skills, talents and future.I love mom: Thats never been hard, though its certainly been a struggle to respect the woman who 8._(make) so many faulty decisions that led to 9._nearly hopeless life. I know Im pretty fortunate in the course of my life and I always hold a belief 10._my parents always love, support, and teach their children what they can.解题导语本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了从妈妈那里学到的东西，并表达了对妈妈的爱。1Raised解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，主语she和raise之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作状语。故填Raised。注意首字母应大写。2separation解析：考查词性转换。and 连接并列成分，且形容词性物主代词their后应用名词，与divorce并列。故填separation。3surprising解析：考查形容词。was 后面接形容词作表语，此处表示“令人吃惊的”，应用现在分词转化而来的形容词surprising。4me解析：考查代词。此处指妈妈教了作者很多东西。此处作“taught”的宾语，应用人称代词 I 的宾格形式me。5but解析：考查固定结构。句意：这些年来，妈妈通过行动而不是话语教了我很多东西。 not .but.意为“不是而是”。故填but。6efficiently解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词manage应用副词。故填efficiently。7confidence解析：考查词性转换。lack后面接名词作宾语，confident 的名词形式是confidence。8made解析：考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“led to ”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填made。9. a解析：考查冠词。由语境可知，此处指一种近乎无望的生活，表示泛指，且nearly 的读音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。10that解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我知道，在成长过程中我很幸运而且我总是坚信我的父母会永远竭尽所能地爱护、支持和教育我。分析该句结构和句意可知，空格处引导的是同位语从句，解释说明belief的具体内容，且从句成分齐全，句意完整，应用that引导该从句且that不能省略。专题强化训练3语法填空(三)学生用书P87(单独成册)A(2017陕西西安八校二模)More than 1，250 lit stalls(货摊) brighten the center of Thailands capital city, 1._(provide) a multicolored sight. The shelter, 2._is designed for thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkoks night market, has become an 3._(attract) itself.The market, which 4._(call) Train Night Market Ratchada in English, was opened in January 2015 and has become 5._popular spot for locals and tourists. Software engineer Prasad Ambati visited the market and took the landscape photographs from a nearby car park. “Those 6._(color) tents and people shopping, eating at stalls and the flashing lights were great. The tents made me think of a giant painting.”This is 7._(primary) a market that sells yesteryear(旧时的) goods, oldfashioned 8._(collection) of clothes, motorbikes, and secondhand toys. There are also plenty of general market things for sale, 9._cheap clothes, shoes, bags, and other fashion items. But above all its one of the best places for street food, openair bars with live music frequently 10._(perform) all over.解题导语本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于曼谷的夜市Train Night Market Ratchada。1providing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词；provide与其逻辑主语stalls之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。2which解析：考查定语从句。先行词是The shelter, 空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用which。3attraction解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的an可知，此处应填名词attraction “游览胜地，具有吸引力的事物”。4is called解析：考查时态和语态。定语从句说的是现在的客观事实，应该用一般现在时；which(指代The market)与call之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态。5a解析：考查冠词。spot表示“地点”，是可数名词，且此处为泛指，故填不定冠词a。6colo(u)rful解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此处指的是“颜色鲜艳的，五彩缤纷的”，故填colo(u)rful。7primarily解析：考查词性转换。此处修饰谓语动词，应该用副词，故填primarily。8collections解析：考查名词复数。空前无冠词或者形容词性物主代词，加之collection “收藏物，收藏品”是可数名词，故填collections。9like解析：考查介词。like 意为“像，如”，用来列举事物。10performed解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是“with宾语宾补”复合结构。宾语music和perform之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。B(2017西宁三校4月检测)As a movie 1._(enthusiastic)，Id like to recommend some movies to you.The first one is Good Will Hunting and it is also my favorite. Its about a young man from a workingclass neighborhood. He 2._(usual) gets into trouble. One day，he 3._(solve) a math problem that the best students in a top university failed to solve.By means of 4._ (watch) it，Im sure you will be encouraged to pursue your talents.The second is Dead Poets Society. In this movie，Robin Williams plays the role 5._ an English teacher. He inspires several boys 6._ (love) their lives. You will become encouraged to live life to the fullest and appreciate people 7._ push you to succeed.The third is The Color Purple. It 8._ (base) on Alice Walkers novel The Color Purple. This movie shows life in southern America in the early 1900s. The movie tells the tale of 9._ young AfricanAmerican womans struggle. I think you will benefit a lot from it.The last is Schindlers List. The film follows the 10._(truth) story of Oskar Schindler，who saved more than 1，000 Jews during the Second World War. You will learn more about World War and be touched by this story.解题导语本文是一篇说明文。作者主要向读者推荐了四部电影。1enthusiast解析：考查词性转换。作为一个电影爱好者，我想向你们推荐几部电影。根据空前的“a”和语境可知，此处应填enthusiastic的名词形式enthusiast“爱好者”。2usually解析：考查词性转换。他经常陷入麻烦。此处应用副词修饰动词gets，故填usually“通常地，经常地”。3solved解析：考查动词的时态。有一天，他解决了一道一所名牌大学里最好的学生都未能解决的数学题。根据句中的时间状语“One day”和“failed”可知，此处也应用一般过去时，故填solved。4watching解析：考查非谓语动词。通过看这部影片，我确信你们会受到激励去发挥自己的才能。by means of “借助手段”为介词短语，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词，故此处应用watching。5of解析：考查介词。在这部电影中，Robin Williams扮演了一位英语老师的角色。play the role of 表示“扮演角色”，其后所接宾语为角色名称；play a role/part in“在中起作用/扮演角色”。6to love解析：考查非谓语动词。他激励一些男孩热爱他们的生命。inspire sb. to do sth.“激励某人做某事”为固定用法。7who/that解析：考查关系代词。你将会受到激励来尽情享受生活并感激那些促使你成功的人。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词为people，表示人，且所填词在从句中作主语，因此本空填关系代词who/that。8is based解析：考查动词的时态和语态。它是以Alice Walker的小说The Color Purple为基础的。此处表示客观情况，故用一般现在时，空后的“shows” “tells”也是提示；It(指代The Color Purple)与base之间为动宾关系，需用被动语态，故填 is based。9a解析：考查冠词。这部影片讲述了一个年轻的非裔美国妇女的努力的故事。根据语境可知，此处泛指“一个年轻的非裔美国妇女”，且young的发音不是以元音音素开头的，故填不定冠词a。10true解析：考查词性转换。此处表示这部电影是根据Oskar Schindler的真实故事展开的。由空前的“the”和空后的“story”可知，此处应用形容词作定语修饰story。C(2017济南模拟)Last week I took the bus back to Jinan from Qingdao. I 1._(carry) a big piece of luggage with me and put it beside my leg on the bus.As usual，I closed my eyes and tried to take a rest.Suddenly，I felt someone 2._(move) my luggage. I opened my eyes and looked up.It was the driver 3._carried my luggage away，saying “you will be more comfortable if you put the luggage at the fron