英美文学欣赏考试整理版.doc

作家作品连线William Shakespeare 莎士比亚 Tragedies四大悲剧Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶Hamlet哈姆雷特 Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王 Macbeth麦克白Comedies喜剧Much Ado About Nothing 无事生非As You Like I 皆大欢喜 Twelfth Night 第十二夜The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人Alexender Pope 亚历山大波普An Essay on Criticism批评论Jonathan Swift 乔纳森斯威夫特“A Tale of a Tub”一个木桶的故事 “The Battle of the Books”书籍之战 “A Modest Proposal”一个温和的建议“Gullivers Travels”格列佛游记 Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 A Red, Red Rose 红红的玫瑰Auld lang Syne 往昔的时光William Wordsworth 威廉华兹华斯Lyrical Ballads (1798)抒情歌谣集I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我好似一朵流云独自漫游又叫云中漫步George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦Childe Harolds Pilgrimage恰尔德哈罗德游记Don Juan唐璜 She Walks in BeautyJane Austen简奥斯汀Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园Persuasion 劝导Emma 爱玛Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺Bront Sisters 勃朗特姐妹Charlotte Bront 夏洛蒂Jane Eyre简爱 Shirley雪利Villette维莱特 The Professor教授Emily (Jane) Bront艾米丽 Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄 Anne Bront安妮George Eliot乔治艾略特The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊 Thomas Hardy托马斯哈代1.Romances and Fantasies罗曼史和幻想小说 The Trumpet Major 号兵长 2. Novels of Ingenuity 机敏和经验小说Desperate Remedies非常手段 3. Novels of Character & Environment 性格和环境小说The Return of the Native还乡 Tess of the DUrbervilles, a Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed 德伯家的苔丝 Jude the Obscure无名的裘德 Nathaniel Hawthorne 霍桑collections of short stories :Twice-Told Tales (1837) 再讲一遍的故事Novels The Scarlet Letter 红字The House of the Seven Gables (1851),带有七个尖角阁的房子 The Blithedale Romance (1852)福谷传奇， The Marble Faun (1860)玉石雕像 Herman Melville梅尔维尔 Major worksTypee, 泰皮an account of his stay with the cannibals.OMOO,欧穆 the sequel of Typee, and gained a huge success as the first novel.Billy Budd比理巴德(1924) Moby Dick大白鲸Emily Dickinson艾米莉。狄更生 (1830-1886)Because I could not stop for DeathI Died for Beauty “Belle of Amherst” Im Nobody“The Soul selects Her own society”I NEVER LOST AS MUCH BUT TWICEWild Nights-Wild Nights!If you were coming in the fallA bird came down the walkMark Twain (1835-1910)The Gilded Age 镀金时代 “The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg”1900败坏了哈德莱堡的人The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆索亚历险记The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (顽童历险记)德莱赛 Theodore DreiserSister Carrie嘉丽妹妹: Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘: a sequel of Sister Carrie. Trilogy of Dreiser: The Financier金融家, The Titan巨头, The Stoic斯多噶, An American Tragedy美国的悲剧The Genius天才: Ernest Hemingway 海明威 The Sun Also Rises(Novel)太阳照样升起 Men Without Women (Short Stories)没有女人的男人 A Farewell to Arms(Novel) 永别了，武器 Death in the Afternoon (Novel)午后之死 Green Hills of Africa (Novel)非洲的青山 To Have and Have Not (Novel)虽有犹无 For Whom the Bell Tolls (Novel)丧钟为谁而鸣 Across the River and into the Trees过河入林 The Old Man and the Sea(Novel)老人与海翻译莎士比亚 Sonnet 18 Shall I compare thee to a Summers day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And Summers lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimmd;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance, or natures changing course, untrimmd; But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou owstNor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,When in eternal line to time thou growst.So long as men can breath or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我能否将你比作夏天？你比夏天更美丽温婉。狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， 夏日的勾留何其短暂。休恋那丽日当空，转眼会云雾迷蒙。休叹那百花飘零， 催折于无常的天命。唯有你永恒的夏日常新，你的美貌亦毫发无损。 死神也无缘将你幽禁，你在我永恒的诗中长存。只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Act III, Scene I A room in the castleTo be, or not to be: that is the question: Whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep; No more; and by a sleep to say we end The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, tis a consummation。Devoutly to be wishd. To die, to sleep; To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, theres the rubFor in that sleep of death what dreams may come When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, Must give us pause: theres the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressors wrong, the proud mans contumely, The pangs of despised love, the laws delay, The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? who would fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscoverd country from whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action 生存还是毁灭？这是个问题。究竟哪样更高贵，去忍受那狂暴的命运无情的摧残,还是挺身去反抗那无边的烦恼，把它扫一个干净。去死，去睡就结束了，如果睡眠能结束我们心灵的创伤和肉体所承受的千百种痛苦，那真是生存求之不得的天大的好事。去死，去睡，去睡，也许会做梦！唉，这就麻烦了，即使摆脱了这尘世可在这死的睡眠里又会做些什么梦呢？真得想一想，就这点顾虑使人受着终身的折磨,谁甘心忍受那鞭打和嘲弄，受人压迫，受尽侮蔑和轻视，忍受那失恋的痛苦，法庭的拖延，衙门的横征暴敛，默默无闻的劳碌却只换来多少凌辱。但他自己只要用把尖刀就能解脱了。谁也不甘心，呻吟、流汗拖着这残生，可是对死后又感觉到恐惧，又从来没有任何人从死亡的国土里回来，因此动摇了，宁愿忍受着目前的苦难而不愿投奔向另一种苦难。顾虑就使我们都变成了懦夫，使得那果断的本色蒙上了一层思虑的惨白的容颜，本来可以做出伟大的事业，由于思虑就化为乌有了，丧失了行动的能力。William Blake 威廉布莱克 To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour一花一世界 一沙一天国， 君掌盛无边， 刹那含永劫。The TigerTiger! Tiger! Burning bright老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中In the forest of the night, 燃烧着的煌煌的火光What immortal hand or eye是怎样的神手或天眼Could frame thy fearful symmetry?造出了你这样的威武堂堂？In what distant deeps or skies你炯炯的两眼中的火Burnt the fire of thy eyes? 燃烧在多远的天空或深渊？On what wings dare he aspires? 他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击？What the hand dare seize the fire? 用怎样的手夺来火焰？And what shoulder, & what art, 又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，Could twist the sinews of thy heart? 把你的心脏的筋肉捏成？And when thy heart began to beat, 当你的心脏开始搏动时，What dread hand? and what dread feet? 使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫？What the hammer? what the chain? 是怎样的槌？怎样的链子？In what furnace was thy brain? 在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋？What the anvil? what dread grasp是怎样的铁砧？怎样的铁臂 Dare its deadly terrors clasp? 敢于捉着这可怖的凶神？Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 A Red, Red Rose红红的玫瑰MYLuveslikeared,redrose啊，我爱人象红红的玫瑰，ThatsnewlysprunginJune:它在六月里初开；OmyLuveslikethemelodie啊，我爱人象一支乐曲，Thatssweetlyplaydintune!美妙地演奏起来。Asfairthouart,mybonnielass,你是那么美，漂亮的姑娘，SodeepinloveamI:我爱你那么深切；AndIwilllovetheestill,mydear,我要爱你下去，亲爱的，Tillatheseasgangdry:一直到四海枯竭。Tillatheseasgangdry,mydear,一直到四海枯竭，亲爱的，Andtherocksmeltwiththesun;到太阳把岩石烧裂；Iwillluvetheestillmydear,我要爱你下去，亲爱的，Whenthesandsoflifeshallrun.只要是生命不绝。Andfaretheeweel,myonlyLuve,再见吧我唯一的爱人，Andfaretheeweelawhile!我和你小别片刻；AndIwillcomeagain,myLuve,我要回来的，亲爱的，Thoitweretenthousandmile.即使是万里相隔。Auld lang Syne 友谊地久天长by Robert BurnsShould auld acquaintance be forgotAnd never brought to mind?Should auld acquaintance be forgot,And auld lang syne!往昔的时光，老朋友哪能遗忘，哪能不放在心上？老朋友哪能遗忘，还有往昔的时光？For auld lang syne, my dear,For auld lang syne,Well take a cup o kindness yetFor auld lang syne为了往昔的时光，老朋友，为了往昔的时光，再干一杯友情的酒，为了往昔的时光，And surely yell be your pint stowp!And surely Ill be mine!And well take a cup o kindness yet,For auld lang syneWe twa hae run about the braes,An poud the gowans fineBut weve wanderd mony a weary fitt,Sin auld lang syne你来痛饮一大杯，我也买酒来相陪。干一杯友情的酒又何妨？为了往昔的时光。我们曾邀游山岗，到处将野花拜访。但以后走上疲惫的旅程，逝去了往昔的时光！We twa hae paidld in the burn,Frae morning sun till dine;But seas between us braid hae roard,Sin auld lang syne我们曾赤脚瞠过河流，水声笑语里将时间忘。如今大海的怒涛把我们隔开，逝去了往昔的时光！For auld lang syne, my dear,For auld lang syne,Well take a cup o kindness yetFor auld lang syneAnd theres a hand, my trusty fiere!And gies a hand o thine!And well take a right gude-willie waught,For auld lang syneFor auld lang syne, my dear,For auld lang syne,Well take a cup o kindness yetFor auld lang syne 忠实的老友，伸出你的手，让我们握手聚一堂，再来痛饮杯欢乐酒，为了往昔的时光William Wordsworth威廉华兹华斯I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud见大题George Gordon Byron乔治戈登拜伦She Walks in BeautyShe walks in beauty ,like the night她漫步在美的光彩中，像夜色般Of cloudless clime and starry skies, 皎洁无云，繁星漫天，And all thats best of dark and brigh明与暗的最美妙的色泽tMeet in her aspect and her eyes;在她的仪容和秋波中交织Thus mellowed to that tender light融合成如此柔和的光泽Which heaven to gaudy day denies.让天堂和人间的一切美景都黯然失色。One shade the more, one ray the less,增减一分暗影或光亮Had half impaired the nameless grace都会损害这难言的优雅美丽Which waves in every raven tress乌黑的长发犹如轻轻的波浪Or softly lightens oer her face,或者散布淡淡的光辉在那脸庞where thoughts serenely sweet express清幽，恬静的思绪How prue,how dear their dwelling-place.倾诉着他们的寓所是多么的纯洁而珍贵。And on that cheek and oer that brow那额际，那眉梢So soft ,so calm, yet eloquent,如此轻柔温和，脉脉含情The Smiles that win, the tints that glow那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，But tell of days in goodness spent,都在表达一个善良的生命A mind at peace with all below,她的思想如此与世无争，安于世间的一切A heart whose love is innocent.她心中的爱如此天真无邪Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄 Emily (Jane) Bront艾米丽“My great miseries in this world have been Heathcliffs miseries, and I watched and felt each from the beginning: my great thought in living is himself. If all else perished, and HE remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it. - My love for Linton is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, Im well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I AM Heathcliff! Hes always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being.”在这个世界上，我的最大的悲痛就是希刺克厉夫的悲痛，而且我从一开始就注意并且感受到了，在我的生活中，他是我思想的中心。如果别的一切都毁灭了,而他还留下来，我就能继续活下去，如果别的一切都留下来，而他给消灭了，这个世界对于我将成为一个极陌生的地方。我就不像是它的一部分。我对林敦的爱像是树林中的叶子：我完全晓得，在冬天改变树木的时候，时光便会改变叶子。我对希刺克厉夫的爱恰似下面的恒久不变的岩石，虽然看起来它给你的愉快并不多，可是这点愉快却是必需的。耐莉，我就是希刺克厉夫！他永远永远地在我心里.You teach me now how cruel youve been - cruel and false. WHY did you despise me? WHY did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort. You deserve this. You have killed yourself. Yes, you may kiss me, and cry; and wring out my kisses and tears: theyll blight you - theyll damn you. You loved me - then what RIGHT had you to leave me? What right - answer me - for the poor fancy you felt for Linton? Because misery and degradation, and death, and nothing that God or Satan could inflict would have parted us, YOU, of your own will, did it. I have not broken your heart - YOU have broken it; and in breaking it, you have broken mine. So much the worse for me that I am strong. Do I want to live? What kind of living will it be when you - oh, God! would YOU like to live with your soul in the grave? “你现在才使我明白你曾经多么残酷残酷又虚伪。你过去为什么瞧不起我呢？你为什么欺骗你自己的心呢，凯蒂？我没有一句安慰的话。这是你应得的。你害死了你自己。是的，你可以亲吻我，哭，又逼出我的吻和眼泪：我的吻和眼泪要摧残你要诅咒你。你爱过我那么你有什么权利离开我呢？有什么权利回答我对林惇存那种可怜的幻想？因为悲惨、耻辱和死亡，以及上帝或撒旦所能给的一切打击和痛苦都不能把我们分开，而你，却出于你自己的心意，这样做了。我没有弄碎你的心是你弄碎了的；而在弄碎它的时候，你把我的心也弄碎了。因为我是强壮的，对于我就格外苦。我还要活吗？那将是什么样的生活，当你 啊，上帝！你愿意带着你的灵魂留在坟墓里吗？”Catherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living! You said I killed you-haunt me, then! The murdered do haunt their murderers. I believe-I know that ghosts have wandered on earth. Be with me always-take any form-drive me mad! only do not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh God! it is unutterable! I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! -Wuthering Heights 凯瑟琳恩萧，只要在我还活着的时候；愿你也不得安息！你说我害了你那么，缠着我吧！被害的人是缠着他的凶手的。我相信我知道鬼魂是在人世间漫游的。那就永远跟着我采取任何形式把我逼疯吧！只要别把我撇在这个深渊里，这儿我找不到你！啊，上帝！真是没法说呀！没有我的生命，我不能活下去！没有我的灵魂，我不能活下去啊！霍桑evil being at the core of human life, evil exists in the human heart, 人心是万恶之源;sin will get punished, one way or another,恶有恶报 the wrong-doing of one generation lives into the successive ones 一代人的错误会延续到后代去Emily Dickinson艾米莉。狄更生MY life closed twice before its close; MY life closed twice before its close;我已经失去了两位亲人，It yet remains to see可是，我依然不知道If Immortality unveil上天是否还安排了A third event to me,第三次？So huge, so hopeless to conceive,如此痛苦，如此绝望，As these that twice befell. 那两次生离死别。Parting is all we know of heaven,逝者，因此看到天堂，And all we need of hell. 生者，因此品尝地狱。Im Nobody! Who are you?Are you Nobody too?Then theres a pair of us!Dont tell, theyd banish us, you know!How dreary to be Somebody!How publiclike a FrogTo tell your name the livelong JuneTo an admiring Bog!我谁也不是，你是谁？你也谁都不是吗？我们俩人成了一对，别说话，他们会赶走我们的你知道。 多没劲啊非得争个名人地位，抛头露面像一只青蛙在这漫长的六月里冲着崇拜它的泥塘鼓噪。（狄金森诗，金心译） I NEVER LOST AS MUCH BUT TWICEI NEVER lost as much but twice, And that was in the sod; Twice have I stood a beggar Before the door of God! Angels, twice descending, Reimbursed my store. Burglar, banker, father, I am poor once more! Because I could not stop for Death Because I could not stop for Death He kindly stopped for meThe carriage held but just ourselvesAnd Immortality.We slowly drovehe knew no haste,And I had put awayMy labour, and my leisure too,For his civilityWe passed the school where children played,Their lessons scarcely done;We passed the fields of gazing grainWe passed the setting sun我们一起坐上马车， 还有永生陪伴身旁， 我们驱车缓缓前行， 他悠然自得不慌不忙。我们经过校园， 娱乐的孩子挤满操场， 我们经过田野，麦穗张望， 我们经过西沉的太阳。Or rather He passes UsThe Dews drew quivering and chillFor only Gossamer, my GownMy Tippet only TulleWe paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the Ground;The Roof was scarcely visible,The Cornice but a mound.Since then- tis Centuries; but eachFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses HeadsWere toward Eternity I Died for Beauty, but was Scarce I died for beauty, but was scarceAdjusted in the tomb,When one who died for truth was lainIn an adjoining room.He questioned softly why I failed?For beauty, I replied.And I for truth, -the two are one;We brethren are, he said.And so, as kinsmen met a night,We talked between the rooms,Until the moss had reached our lips,And covered up our names.我是为美而死被人安置在这个坟冢,有人是为真理而亡的,也被葬在旁边的穴中. 他曾轻声问道“你为何而死”？ “为美，”我回答 “我，为真理两者都一样;我们是兄弟，”他说话.就这样，像两个男人，相会在这个夜晚,隔着墓穴交谈,直到青苔爬到我们唇边,将我们石碑上的名字遮掩（金心译）Wild Nights-Wild Nights!Wild NightsWild Nights暴雨的夜，狂风的夜！Were I with thee当我和你在一起 Wild Nights should be这暴风雨夜就是我们Our luxury! 最大的奢侈！Futilethe winds狂风无用To a heart in port一颗心已经入港Done with the compass不需要海图 Done with the chart! 不需要罗盘的方向！Rowing in Eden荡舟在伊甸园Ah, the sea! 啊，大海！Might I but moor Tonight今夜，我是否能停泊在In Thee!你的胸怀！If you were coming in the fallIf you were coming in the fall, 如果你能在秋季来到， I brush the summer by我会用掸子把夏季掸掉，With half a smile and half a spurn, 一半轻蔑，一半含笑As houswives do, a fly. 象管家妇把苍蝇赶跑。If I could see you in a year, 如果一年后能够见你， Id wind the months in balls, 我将把月份缠绕成团 And put them each in separate dawers, 分别存放在不同的抽屉， Untill their time befalls. 免得，混淆了日期 If only centuries delayed, 如果只耽搁几个世纪，Id count them on my hand, 我会用我的手算计Subtracting till my fingers dropped把手指逐一屈起，直到 Into Van Diemens land. 全部倒伏在亡人国里If certain, when this life was out, 如果确知，聚会在生命 That yours and mine should be, 你的和我的生命，结束时 Id toss it yonder like a rind, 我愿意把生命抛弃And taste eternity. 如同抛弃一片果皮 But now, uncertain of the length, 但是现在难以确知Of this that is between, 相隔还有多长时日 It goals me, like the goblin bee, 这状况刺痛我有如妖蜂 That will not state its sting. 秘而不宣，是那毒刺Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. “ What is his name?”“ Is he married or single?”“ Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”“ How so? How can it affect them?”“ My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “ how can you be so tiresome! You must know that I am thinking of his marrying one of them.”凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。 “这个人叫什么名字？” “有太太的呢，还是单身汉？”“噢！是个单身汉，亲爱的，确确实实是个单身汉！一个有钱的单身汉；每年有四五千磅的收入。真是女儿们的福气！”“这怎么说？关女儿们什么事？”“我的好老爷，”太太回答道，“你怎么这样叫人讨厌！告诉你吧，我正在盘算，他要是挑中我们一个女儿做老婆，可多好！” Jane Eyer Charlotte Bront 夏洛蒂 “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong! And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave youit is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at Gods feet, equalas we are!” “难道就因为我一贫如洗、默默无闻、长相平庸、个子瘦小，就没有灵魂，没有心肠了？你想错了! 我的心灵跟你一样丰富，我的心胸跟你一样充实！要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财 富，我会使你同我现在一样难分难舍，我不是根据习俗、常规，甚至也不是血肉之躯同你说 话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等 本来就如此！”大题哈代Tess: 是否是纯洁的女人？The subtitle of the novel is A Pure Woman Faithfully Portrayed. All things considered, was Tess a pure woman? Why or Why not?Tess was a pure woman. pure here not refers to the physical meaning but the spiritual one.Throughout the novel, Tess was loyal to her true feelings. She remained her loyalty to Angel. Alec only claimed her body. She was spiritually with Angel all the time.She is responsible and does her best for the family. She is honest. She could face her tragedy with great dignity.2. Why do we say Tesss tragedy is a personal as well as a social one? Tesss fate is personal:She