决战2011高考英语专题讲义形容词与副词.doc

决战2011高考英语专题讲义形容词 副词经验 规律形容词、副词通过几年的高考试题的分析不难看出1）涉及形容词、副词比较级的对象、范围的考点很多，所以加强对此部分的理解和掌握显得尤为重要。2）考题中形容词、副词比较级的用法灵活多样，如用比较级形式表最高级含义，古应特别注意积累和归纳。3）asas结构的基本模式尤其它的变体形式比较复杂，考生对此不可以掉以轻心。4）高考题中常出现考查多个形容词作前置定语的用法。因为当几个形容词同做定语时，如何排列它们的顺序成了难点，很多考生只是凭感觉，缺乏理性指导，所以容易出错。知识点归纳:（一）形容词的作用1. 作定语： 特别注意多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序。2. 作表语：通常与系动词be , get , grow , become , feel , appear, prove , seem, look, keep, smell, taste, sound , turn, remain 等连用。如: Our classroom is clean. The weather is getting cooler and cooler.3. 作宾补: 如：The news made every one happy.4. 与定冠词一起表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语。如:The rich and the poor live very different lives.5. 作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、结果等。如 He went to bed, cold and hungry. She stared into the distance, speechless for a moment.（二）副词的作用1. 作状语：通常修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。如2. 作表语，如：One of the tyres is down.3. 作定语，如：The population here is getting smaller and smaller. One my way home, I saw an old lady sitting under a tree alone.4. 作宾补（副词构成复合宾语的情况较少），如： I saw Mrs Green out with her husband.5. 构成短语 表示位置的副词可与动词构成短语，表示特定的意思。如 pick out (挑选)，turn up （露面）（三）容易出错的几个注意点1. 下列以a-开头的形容词通常只用作表语： afraid, alike , alive , alone, asleep, awake, ashamed , afloat (飘浮的), aware (知道的)等。 另外，unable, content (满足的), all（身体）好的，ill（生病的），通常不可用作定语；ill 作定语时， 通常是坏的，邪恶的意思。尽管现在已有人用ill作前置定语表示生病的，well表示健康的，习惯上还是用sick, healthy等作前置定语为好。以上所列词汇中，afraid , alive, alone, awake 可用作后置定语，如 a man afraid (害怕的人)，the greatest man alive (健在的最伟大的人)the only child awake （唯一醒着的孩子） The people , and the people alone, are the motive force in the making of world history. 人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力。注意： (1)多数以a-开头的形容词不直接用very修饰，通常习惯说法如： very much alone 非常孤单的/wide awake 十分清醒的/sound / fast asleep 熟睡的 (2)以a-开头的形容词本身带有副词来修饰时，可以用作前置定语，如 a fast asleep boy 熟睡的男孩；the wide awake soldiers 十分清醒的士兵2. 有些形容词（如wooden）通常不能用作表语。我们不说The table is wooden 而应改为 The table is of wood. 或The table is made of wood. 不能用作表语，只能作定语的常用形容词还有：inner 内部的，outer 外部的， former 较前的, latter 较 后的，utter完全的，upper上面的，real真正的，mere仅仅的，livelaiv活的，sheer纯粹的，only唯一的，aged年老的3. 有些形容词（如possible）作表语时，通常不用人作主语。我们不说He is possible to attend the meeting. 而应该说It is possible for him to attend the meeting. 这类形容词常见的有： possible, improbable, convenient, inconvenient等注意：这类句型中当动词不定式与句子主语存在着逻辑动宾关系时，主语用人是可以的，如 He is impossible to teach. = It is impossible to teach him. 下句也是正确的： She is necessary to get along well with.4. worth, worthwhile 和worthy 1) be worth 表示价值时，后面可以直接接名词或-ing形式； 2) 在It is worth while 结构中，it 为形式主语，后面可接-ing形式，也可接动词不定式 3) worthy 可修饰名词作定语，如a worthy man 可尊敬的人， a worthy life 有价值的 / 有意义的生活，与 of 连用时可作后置定语，如a cause worthy of support 值得支持的事业。worthy of 作表语时，后面可接名词或-ing形式（常用其被动式）4) worthy后面也可接动词不定式，被动含义时也须用不定式的被动式。5. 有些副词与形容词形式相同，表示同一含义，常见的有：early , late , fast , high , straight6. 副词的位置 1) 修饰形容词和其它副词时，通常放在被修饰词之前，但enough一词例外。如 This is a very useful toolHe doesnt work hard enough. 2) 频度副词 (often , usually , seldom , hardly , never, sometimes, always等)要放在实义动词的前面，be 动词、助动词、情态动词的后面。如We often go to the park.He is always ready to help others.3) 地点副词、时间副词、方式副词常位于句末。如I remember that I met him somewhere.Everything went smoothly.4) 同时出现几种副词时的排列顺序：方式副词地点副词时间副词。如He made his model plane perfectly there yesterday.5) 作定语的副词放在被修饰词之后。People here are very friendly to me.7. 某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。如friendly , comradely , lively , lovely, lonely, likely, deadly , silly , orderly8. 有些副词有两种形式（加-ly后变为另一副词），但意义不同，使用时应予注意。如： late 迟， 晚 lately 近来, high 高 highly 高度地（四）形容词和副词的比较等级用法1. 两者相比（A=B），用as + 原级 + as表示2. 两者相比（AB）， 用比较级+than表示。4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用the + 最高级表示，这种句型中常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works (the )hardest in his class.说明：(1)用比较级句型表达最高级含义时，应注意避免和包括自身的对象比。常用句型为： 比较级 + than + (2)比较级句型和同级比较句型中出现否定词no , never , nothing等，也可表达最高级含义。 I love nothing better than swimming . (= I love swimming best.) I have never seen as old a car as this. (= This is the oldest car Ive ever seen.)(3)最高级可以被序数词以及much , by far , nearly , almost, by no means, not quite , not really , nothing like等词语所修饰。(4)表示最高程度的形容词，如excellent , extreme , perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。5. 比较级的一些常用句型 1) 表示几倍于时，用倍数+asas或倍数+比较级+than两种结构。 2) 用比较级 + and + 比较级表示越来越 3) 用the + 比较级, the + 比较级表示越，越。 4) 表示size , weight , length , width, height等的倍数，用倍数+the (size , weight)+of 结构。 5) 比较级前的修饰语可用表示程度或数量的词或短语，主要有：even, still , much, far, any(用于否定句或 疑问句), a lot , a great deal, by far, a little , a bit , three times, two metres 等。6) 表示两者中间的一个，比较级前要加the，即the + 比较级 + of the two结构。7) no more than = only 或 as as 只有， 仅仅 not more than = at most 至多，不超过8) no less than 有之多 not less than 不少于知识点训练(一) 经典试题回顾-How was your recent visit to Qingdao ? -It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside.(NMET 95) A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny lastCan you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people ? (同上) A. such , such B. such , so C. so , so D. so , suchWait till you are more _, Its better to be sure than sorry. (NMET 97) A. inspired B. satisfied C. calm D. certainProfessor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays. (NMET 98) A. the best B. more C. better D. the most_ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET 2000) A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough braveIts always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially (同上)John plays football _, if not better than, David. (NMET 94) A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well asWe all write _, even when theres not much to say. (同上) A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less_ Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please. _ Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET 95) A. some , a B. an , some C. some , some D. an ,aIf we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. (同上) A. what B. how C. however D. whateverWe decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (NMET 96) A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavilyHow beautifully she sings ! I have never heard _. (同上) A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voiceIn that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. (NMET 2001 北京内蒙安微春季) A. more B. other C. better D. anyI am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) _ trick.（同上） A. ordinary B. easy C. smart D . simple _ role she played in the film ! No wonder she has won an Oscar. (NMET 2002 上海春季) A. How interesting B. How an interesting C. What interesting D. What an interestingThe magazine is a(n) _ number. You can take it out of the reading-room. (同上) A. back B. past C. old D. formerIt is good for elderly people to be _ involved in community service. (同上) A. honestly B. patiently C. eagerly D. activelyAllen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (NMET 2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much_ Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. (NMET 2002 A. pleasant, pleased B. pleased, pleased 北京内蒙安微春季) C. pleasant, pleasant D. pleased, pleasantTwo-middle aged passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim. A. In fact B. Luckily C. Unfortunately D. Naturally答案：1-5 BBDCC 6-10 DBAAC 11-15 DDBDD 16-20 ADADC（二）巩固练习1. There are many _ computers in the department store. A. last B. later C. latest D. latter2. Have you ever been to Paris ? Yes, Ive _ been there. A. once B. ever C. almost D. nearly3. He uses his car _ for going hunting. A. mostly B. most C. almost D. nearly4. The plane flew _ in the sky and the people spoke _ of the experienced pilot. A. highly ; highly B. high ; high C. high ; highly D. highly ; high5. The more _ we unite, the stronger we become. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closedly6. Huggins does the work with _ care. A. big B. very C. much D. great7. Its _ that wed better go for a walk. A. so a beautiful night B. such beautiful a night C. so beautiful a night D. a night so beautiful8. The Mississippi River is longer than _ in the U.S.A. A. any river B. any other rivers C. any other river D. all the rivers9. He is so ill that _ hope is left. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few10. The buses run every _ minutes. A. other B. many C. a few D. few11. _ food is better than none. A. Any B. Little C. A little D. Every12. What do you think of the headmasters address ? I liked _ of what he said. A. more B. several C. many D. much13. Tom is _ his height. A. rather thin as to B. too thin for C. so thin for D. very thin of14. Jane was quite unfriendly.I think shes _ than unfriendly. A. shyer B. shier C. more shy rather D. more shy15. This cake is delicious. Well, at least its _ the one I baked last week. A. as worse as B. as better than C. no worse than D. not better as16. Harry treats his secretary badly. He seems to think she is the _ person in the office. A. less important B. lease important C. not more important D. not most important17. Its never _ to learn. Means You can not be _ old to learn. A. late enough ; very B. late ; so C. too late ; too D.very late ; only18. He knew _ little French that he couldnt make himself understood. A. so B. such C. too D. very19. Jim seems to like this country. Yes he is _ here as he was at home. A. almost as happy B. as happy almost C. as almost happy D. almost happy as20. She is older than _ there years. A. me for B. I am by C. I for D. me by21. I think its _ for walking. A. very much hot B. much very hot C. too much hot D. much too hot22. Im sure she expected to be back _. A. before long now B. now long before C. long before now D. now before long23. Johns record was _ on the team. A. not so good as all the players B. not so good as any players C. not so good as any other players D. not so good as that players24. They are _ to arrive in time. A. possible B. impossible C. likely D. like25. Which one is correct ? A. The reward is worthy B. That work is worthy of doing C. This question is worthy to consider D. There is nothing worthy of being mentioned26. We are studying _ books now. A. three physics very difficult B. very difficult three physics C. very three difficult physics D. three very difficult physics27. She has a _ stamp. A. green square valuable HongKong B. HowKong valuable square green C. square valuable green HongKong D. valuable square green HongKong28. The stars are _ when there is no moon. A.the brightest B. brightest C. more brighter D. much bright29. He is the most famous musician _. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively30. Bob _ after he finished the heavy Job. A. fell fast asleep B. fell sound sleep C. fell to asleep D. went to his sleep31. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes _. A. open B. to open C. to be opened D. opening32. We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. A. well ; badly B. well ; well C. badly ; bad D. bad ; bad33. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people. A. such ; such B. such ; so C. so ; so D. so ; such34. The pianos in the other shop will be _, but _. A. cheaper ; not as better B. much cheap ; not as better C. cheaper ; not as good D. more cheap ; not as good35. John plays football _, if not better than David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D.so well as 36. How did you find your visit to the museum ? I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting37. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose _ one as she didnt want to spend too much money on it.A. the less expensive B. the least expensiveC. less expensive D. least expensive38. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays.A. the best B. more C. better D. the most39. He had never spent a _ day.A. more worry B. most worrying C. more worrying D. most worried40. How beautifully she sings ! Ive never heard _.A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice41. Are you interested in her answer ?Not at all . It couldnt have been _.A. worse B. better C. so bad D. the worst42. Which is _ country, Canada or Australia ?A. a large B. large C. a larger D. the larger43. Paper produced every year is _ the worlds production of vehicles.A. the three times weight of B. three times the weightC. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavy as44. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people.A. less ; fewer B. less ; few C. less ; less D. fewer ; fewer45. Some people are against the plan , but _ support it. A. much more B. many more C. no more D. any more46. Its believed that _ you work, _ result youll get. A. the harder ; a better B. the more hard ; the more better C. the harder ; the better D. more hard ; more better47. The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as _. A. Nanjing B. of Nanjing C. that of Nanjing D. in Nanjin48. Though he was an _, he was _ in all kinds of _. A. action, active , activity B. actor , actively, activity C. actor , active, activities D. activity, actor, active49. Which is not an adverb ? A. brotherly B. hardly C. on D. highly50. This one is _ too large. Give me a smaller one. A. so B. very C. fairly D. rather51. It is _ to travel by air than by water. A. much more excited B. a lot more exciting C. a lot more excited D. much exciting52. China Daily is _ a newspaper , so it is helpful to us all. A. no more than B. not more than C. more than D. less than53. The book seems to be _ like a dictionary _ a grammar. A. more ; than B. much ; than C. many ; rather than D. very instead of54. This new type of TV set is very thin, and it is _ than a one hundred-page book. A. no thinner B. no thicker C. not thinner D. less thicker55. The bookshelf is of _ the other one. A. the same height as B. as higher as C. high as D. the same high as56. The new building is _ the old one. A. the size of five times B. five times big than C. five times than the size of D. five times the size of57. Betty stood _ to her teacher and watched _ what he was doing. A. close ; closely B. close ; close C. closely ; close D. closely ; closely58. He was hit by a bullet but _ he was only _ wounded. A. lucky ; badly B. luckily ; badly C. luckily ; slightly D. lucky ; slightly59. The boy looked _ , but his weak breath suggested hat he was still _. A. dying ; alive B. dead ; living C. dead ; alive D. dying ; living60. This is one of the best films. Ive ever seen, it not _. A. the best B. best C. the better D. good61. The water melon is _ of the two. A. worse far B. worst by far C. by far the worse D. far worse62. Im as poor as you. Means _. A. Im not as rich as you B. Im no richer than you C. Youre richer than I D. Im even poorer63. He looked _ and looked _ at the policeman. A. calm ; calm B. calmly ; calmly C. calmly ; calm D. calm ; calmly64. There must be _ with the machine. A. something wrong serious B. something serious wrong C. something seriously wrong D. something wrong seriously65. My father was _ asleep and my mother was also _ asleep. A. fast ; sound B. deep ; deeply C. very ; well D. wide ; very66. Tom is _ any other student in his class. A. so brightly a boy as B. as bright a boy as C. as a bright boy as D. the same bright as67. These problems are different in essence, so they should be dealt with _. A. totally B. specially C. separately D. particularly68. To plant the tree , we must dig _. A. a hole three feet deep B. three-foot-deep a hole C. a three-feet-deep hole D. a three feet deep hole69. Those _ glasses are too _ for the child to reach. A. high , high B. tall , tall C. tall , high D. high , tall70. Which of the following sentence is wrong ? A. He didnt catch as many birds as he had hoped B. She looked after the children as gently as possible. C. We ought to rest as much as possible. D. They should work hard as possible as they can.71. Yesterday we had a lecture given by a _ teacher. A. well-mannered , young school B. young, well-mannered school C. well-mannered, school young D. school, well-mannered young72. They said nothing , looking _ at the headmaster. A. sad B. worried C. excited D. coldly73. The _ amount of money was not known although they knew it was large. A. real B. actual C. true D. all74. I cant thank you _ much for your kindness, because without y