必修三情态动词.doc

情态动词 Modal Verbs请回忆一下你所学过的情态动词有哪些？_下面来具体学习各情态动词的用法。一、 may & might 1.表示请求多用于第一人称，might比may语气委婉。肯定回答用may或can,否定回答用cant, mustnt. May/might I borrow some money?Yes, you may/ you can. No, you cant/ you mustnt2.表示许可，允许。might为may的过去式You may drive the car. You may not take the book home.He said he might lend us some money. He asked if he might use the phone.3.表示对现在或将来的推测、可能，用于肯定句或否定句。may的可能性大于might。He may be very busy now. They may/might be waiting at the station.The problems may be solved in a number of different ways.He might tell his wife.She might not believe your story.4.may/might have done 表示对过去的推测。用于肯定句或否定句。may的可能性大于might。He may have gone abroad.Jack may/might have been hurt seriously in the car accident.He may/might not have finished the work.Eva might not have seen him yesterday.5.might have done还可以表示虚拟，意为本来能够做某事却没有做。表示轻微的责备、埋怨。You might have told me. 你本来可以告诉我的。I might have helped her but I was too busy._You might have given her more help._6.用于祈使句中，表祝愿。May you succeed! 练习一1. He_you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give2. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. can D. will3. - Are you coming to Jeffs party?- Im not sure. I _go to the concert instead.Amust Bwould Cshould Dmight4. Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can5.I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen二、can & could1.提出请求，could比can语气婉转。Can I go now? Can you help me? Could you show me the way?Could you pass me the books?Yes, I can. No, Im afraid not.2.表示许可、允许和may差不多，口语中can更常见。You can (may) park here.You can (may) take the book home.You cant smoke here.3.表示能力，can指现在，could指过去，be able to do多指通过努力而做成某事。She can run very fast Who can answer the question?When I was young, I could climb any tree in the forest.I could drive before I left school.There was a big fire in the hotel but everyone was able to escape.4.表示对现在的猜测、怀疑、不相信的态度。用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。can比could的可能性大。It cant be the postman at the door. Its only 6.That cant be Mary. She is in the hospital now.There s someone outside. Who can it be?Could this be true? How could you do that? How can you be so careless?5.can/could have done表示对过去事情的推测，用否定句或疑问句中。can比could的可能性大。He cant have been to that town._I couldnt have left it on the bus._Can he have got that message? 他收到那条消息了吗？My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he couldnt have attended your lecture._6.could have done 还可以表示本来可以做某事却没有做成。表达一种遗憾。He paid for a seat when he could have entered free._You could have received my letter._7.表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时可能会”It can be very cold here at night.It can be quite windy on the hills.山上有时风很大。He can be very careless sometimes.练习二1.-Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_ A. mightB. will C. canD. should2.There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been3.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to4.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh, did you? You_ _with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed5.Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, ,My brother is coming to see me.A. I mustnt B.I cant C. I neednt D.I wont6. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended7. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? Acan Bshould Cmay D. must8. - Isn t that Anns husband over there? - No, it _ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not9. I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（2005） A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt10. Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere.Well . He_have gone farhis coats still here.AshouldntBmustntCcantDwouldnt11. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _be very slow.A.should Bmust Cwill Dcan12. Theres no light on they_ be at home.（2006）A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt13. -Is Jack on duty today? -It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt三、must(主观，“必须”) & have to (客观，“不得不”) 1.must I finish the work right now? / Do I have to finish the work right now? Yes, you must/ you have to No, you neednt/ you dont have tomustnt 表示禁止，意为不能，不许You mustnt drive without a liceseYou mustnt take photos here.2表示推测只用于肯定句中，意为“一定”must do (对现在的推测) must be doing (对现在进行的某事的推测)must have done（对过去的推测）Your sister must be a doctor in this hospital._He must be reading news paper in the reading room now._It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet._Mr. Green must have been punished for his being rude(无礼的、粗鲁的) at the meeting yesterday._3.表示偏要，硬要做某事，多指做一些让人不快的事。If you must smoke, please go outside.If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.John, look at the time. Must you play the piano now?I will tell you the truth, if you must know.练习三1. Who is the girl standing over there ? Well , if you_know , her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall2. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at lease 150 km an hour. A. should have been driving B. must have been driving C. could have driven D. would have driven3. He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. mustC. wouldnt D. cant4. - The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.- Oh, dear! She _ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through5. This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.Ashould put Bcould have putCmight putDmust have put6. Tom , you_leave all your clothes on the floor like this !Awouldnt Bmustnt Cneednt Dmay not7. Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something _ to him.Amust happenBshould have happenedCcould have happenedDmust have happened8. - Must he come to sign this paper himself? - Yes, he_ .A. need B. must C. may D. will9. - Could I have a word with you, mum? - Oh dear, if you _. A. canB. mustC. mayD. should 10. May I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must11. I have told you the truth _I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will四、need1.作实义动词时，后接名词、代词、动名词或不定式。He needs help.The house needs/ wants/ requires cleaning. (need/ want/ require doing 表示某事需要被做，主动表被动)The tree needs/ wants/ requires wateringWe need to be more careful.You dont need to repeat it so many timesDoes he need to know it?2.作情态动词，后接动词原形，用于否定或者疑问句中，neednt 意为不必You neednt come so early.You neednt pay for it.Need I do it at once?Yes, you must/ you have to. No, you neednt / you dont have to.3.neednt have done，表示虚拟，意为本来不必做某事却做了。You neednt have waited for me._She neednt have hurried. There was enough time left._You neednt have told him about it._练习四1.Shall I tell John about it?No, you _ . Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt2. - I dont mind telling you what I know. - You_Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt3. -Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. -She _. Ive already borrowed one.A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt4. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt doBneednt have doneCmustnt do Dshouldnt have done5. The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with meAshould have taken Bcould have taken Cneednt have taken D，mustnt have taken6. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt最后总结一下“情态动词+have done”的用法：NameUsage1Must have done用于_句中，表示_2Neednt have done表示_3Can/could have done用于_句中，表示_其中could have done还表示_4May/ might have done用于_句中，表示_其中might have done还表示_表示对过去事实的推测表示对过去事实的虚拟1. 用于肯定句中：2. 用于否定句中：3. 用于疑问句中：123五、will & would 1.表请求、建议，用于第二人称，would比will口气更婉转。Will you come with me? Will you call back later, please?Would you go there with me？ Would you like a cup of tea?2.will表事物的倾向。would表示过去习惯性的动作或倾向，同义词组_Fish will die without water. Boys will be boys. These things will happen.The door wont open. The pen wont work.When she was a kid, she would often go swimming with her sister.She would turn to me when she was in trouble.还记得would 和 used to 的用法吗？请判断下面两个句子的正误。I would / used to go to France six times.He used to live in Africa for 20 years._3.will表示现在的意志、愿望、决心。would表示过去的意志、愿望、决心。I will pay you at the rate you ask. I will never do that again.He wont give up whatever happens. He wouldnt help me yesterday.4.would have done.多用于if引导的虚拟条件句或含蓄条件句中。(1).与现在事实相反If I were you, I would ask the teacher for advice.If I knew French, I would translate it for you now.(2).与过去事实相反If I had followed the teachers advice, I would have passed the exam.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.If I hadnt been ill yesterday, I might have come to school.If you had studied harder last term, you could have passed the exam.(3).与将来事实相反If it rained/ were to rain/ should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.If you missed/ were to miss/ should miss the first train tomorrow, you would have to wait for another hour.由以上例句，你能总结出if虚拟条件的用法吗？时态If 条件句主句1.与现在事实相反2.与过去事实相反3.与将来事实相反练习五1.But for the help of my English teacher, I_ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won2.They_two free tickets to Canada，otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD. get3.Why didnt Tom give you one of his paintings? I didnt want one，but he would have given me one if I_ Adid Bwould Cwill Dhad4.The girl is seriously ill，otherwise she_ working instead of staying in bed all day longAis still Bwill still be Cwould still be Dwas still5. I cant thank you _ much because without your help I _ have won the first prize. A. too; wouldnt B. very; shouldnt C. that; might not D. so; couldnt 6.一Mike，its a pity you didnt come to last nights Concert .It was really great!一Really? If I _ so busy, I would have gone with you.A. hadnt been B. werent C. shouldnt be D. wouldnt be7. I_ such a foolish mistake if I had been a little more careful.A. wouldnt make B. wouldnt have made C. hadnt made D. didnt make8. Why didnt you buy the gold ring? I_ but I didnt have the money. A. would have B. boughtC. would like to D. had bought六、shall1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求。Shall we begin our class? When shall we set off?Where shall I meet you this evening? Shall the boy wait outside?When shall he be able to leave the hospital?2.用于第二、第三人称表示意愿、命令、警告、允许、威胁等。在法律条文、规定中多用shall。You shall fail if you dont work harder. (警告)He shall have the book when I finish reading it. (允诺)He shall be punished for his wrongdoing. (威胁) 他会为他的不法行为受到惩罚。Every competitor shall wear a number. (命令)练习六1.What does the sign over there read?“No person_smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”A. willB. mayC. shallD. must2. “The interest_ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.A. mayB. shouldC. mustD. shall3. According to the newly-made traffic regulation, whoever drives through red light _be fined at least 200 dollarsA. shall B. may C. would D. should4. Has Mr. Tom White arrived? Yes, already. _he wait outside or just come in? AShallBMayCCouldDMust5. Can I pay the bill by check? Sorry，sir. But it is the management rule of our hotel that payment_ be made in cash. A. shall B. needC. will D. can七、should & ought to1. should(主观) / ought to(客观)，意为“应该”,表义务、劝告、建议。You should go to class right away. They should talk about their problems.You should try that new restaurant. What should I do?You shouldnt drink and drive. Should I trust him?2.should表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”The photo should be ready after 10. They should be there by now. It should be a nice day tomorrow. He should be around sixty years old Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3.should多用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，构成 Why(How)+should。Why should you be so late today? 你今天怎么那么晚？ Dont ask me. How should I know? Why should anyone want to marry Tony?-Where is Betty? -How should I know?Its strange that he should be absent.It seemed unbelievable that he should have done such a wicked thing.4.表虚拟，包含了埋怨、责备的口气。 should have done= _ 意为：_ shouldnt have done=_ 意为：_She should have finished it on time. You should have started earlier.You are right. I should have thought of that earlier.练习七1. What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There_ be twelveA. should B. would C. will D. shall2. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might3. Im sorry. I_ at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted4. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It_ be， but it is now heavily polluted.A. willB. wouldC. shouldD. must5. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it_ yesterday.A. was happening B. happensC. has happenedD. happened6. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.You_ her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told7. My cats really fat.You_ have given her so much food.A. wouldntB. couldntC. shouldntD. mustnt8. I think Ill give Bob a ring. You_ .You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. willB. mayC. have toD. should9. Margaret _ stay at home all day long in front of the TV.That s rightShe ought to go to the fitness center with us.A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt10. He_ back to work