英语重点词汇介绍.doc

prove用法prove是个常用动词,也是一个多义动词.由于它的用法比较复杂,现归纳如下 一、prove作证明;证实解时,用法如下: 1.prove+名词/代词 He has proved his courage in the battle.他已在作战中证明了他的勇气. This further proved the strength of our economy.这进一步证明了我们的经济实力. Can you prove that?你能证实那一点吗? 2.prove+直接宾语(sth.)+to+间接宾语(sb.) The difficulty was how he could prove his ideas to other scientists.困难在于他怎样向其他科学家证实他的想法. Can you prove your theory to us?你能向我们证实你的理论吗? 3.prove+宾语+宾语补足语 (1)形容词作宾语补足语 They proved themselves wise and brave.他们证实自己机智、勇敢. Facts have proved these worries groundless.事实证明,这些忧虑是没有理由的. (2)名词作宾语补足语 She proved herself an able secretary.她证实自己是个能干的秘书. He has proved himself a success.他已证明了自己是个成功者. (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语 All this proved him to be an honest man.这一切都证明他是一个诚实的人. The experiment proved his theory to be important to our research.实验证明他的理论对我们的研究是重要的. 4.prove+宾语从句 Galileo proved that the earth and all other planets move around the sun.伽利略证实地球和所有其它的行星都是绕太阳运转的. But Einstein was able to prove that light coming from the stars was bent as it passed the sun. 然而爱因斯坦却能证明从恒星来的光线当其经过太阳时变弯曲了. Can you prove where you were on May 10th?你能证实五月十日你在什么地方吗? 二、prove作证明是;结果是;事实说明解时,用作连系动词,无被动语态，可用于以下句型: 1.prove+形容词 The handbook proved most useful.这本手册证明很有用. The medicine proved satisfactory.结果证明这药疗效令人满意. 2.prove+名词 She proved a very strict teacher.结果证明她是一位非常严格的老师. His efforts, however, proved a failure.但他的努力结果都失败了. 3.prove+介词短语或副词 Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.也许这本书会对你的研究有用处. The power station was completed and proved up to standard.这座发电站建成了,证明质量符合标准. 4.prove+动词不定式 As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct.随着时间的推移,爱因斯坦的理论证明是正确的. She may prove to be the most suitable person for the job.结果她可能是最适合干这项工作的人. Lack 的用法n.（名词）“不足”。 通常用 “lack+of名词”。a lack of money. 缺乏金钱Her only problem is lack of confidence.Lack of sleep had made him irritable.If he fails it wont be for/through lack of effort (= he has certainly tried).We wont be going on holiday this year - lack of funds, Im afraid.He cant endure the lack of food. 没有食物，他再也坚持不下去了。vt.（及物动词）缺乏；不足；没有To be entirely without or have very little of.缺乏：根本就没有或仅有一点To be in need of.需要He just lacks a little confidence.What we lack in this house is space to store things.She lacks patience in dealing with children. （与孩子打交道她缺少耐心。）We are lacking three members of staff due to illness.(注：说lack不用于进行时是站不住脚的) vi. （不及物动词）还可作“缺乏，短少；不足；需要。常用进行时To be wanting or deficient:缺乏：处于匮乏或不足状态：You will not be lacking in support from me.你将得到我的帮助（注：这里把lacking处理为vi.，并没有作为adj.来得简单）To be in need of something:需要：需要某物：I lacked for nothing.我不需要任何东西She does not lack for friends.They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求（应有尽有）。用法拓展lack 构成的短语有：be lacking:欠缺、缺：be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）,不够 lack for 缺（多用于否定句）Lack+of名词： The plants died for lack of water.Lack+名词： We lack the strength to walk any further. lacking adj. 1 be lacking If something that you need is lacking, you do not have enough of it:Enthusiasm has been sadly lacking these past months at work.Money was lacking to complete the building.He is lacking in courage. 他缺乏勇气。Nothing is lacking but the will.什么都不缺，就缺意志。2 be lacking in sth to not have a quality:Hes totally lacking in charm.He is not lacking in intelligence.Philip was not lacking in ability. （菲力普并不缺少能力。）His reception of us was lacking in warmth.（他对我们的接待缺少热情。）Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.由于年轻，她缺乏经验。练习1. Many of our young workers _ proper training.?A. are lacking in B. are lacking C. lack for D. lack in A2. We tried to settle the problem with them as soon as possible, but they seemed to_ sincerity. A. lack of B. be lack of C. lack in D. be lacking in (D) 3. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked inThough lacking money是Though they are lacking money的省略句，其中lack是vt.。4. Keep him at arms length, as he is a guy being lacking _ honesty. A. of B. on C. in D. about (C) 5.That was another example of _ experience.A. a lack of B. lack from C. their lack for D. their lack of.D lack作及物动词时，后面直接用名词或代词做宾语；作不及物动词时常和for连用；作名词时常和of搭配使用。6. - What caused the failure of the experiment?- _. (C)A. Because of shortage of fund B. For lack of fund C. Lack of fundD. Due to lack of fund7. The boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he _ experience.A. is lack of B. is lacking in C. lacks of D. is lacking of此题答案选B，be lacking in是习语，意为“缺乏”，其后通常接experience, frankness, courage等抽象名词。选A是错误的，因为lack可用做名词和动词，但不用做形容词；选C是错误的，因为lack用做动词时，它是及物动词，其后不用介词(注：用做名词的 lack后可接介词of)；选D是错误的，因为没有be lacking of这个搭配。8. Im sorry, Were _that kind of trousers. Would you come back next week? A. short B. lacking C. in need D. short of （D）案例1.1. He cant endure the lack of food.2. He cant endure a lack of food.3. He cant endure lack of food.Are they all correct?Yes, they are, but number 3 would not be heard very often, simply because its not so easy to say smoothly. You need a hard stop between endure and lack, so even if you mean to say that, it tends to come out as endure-uh lack.案例2.The authorities declared that because of the war petrol was _ and had to be rationed (定量供应).A. inadequate B. rare C. lacked D. scarce答 D. scarce. 汽油供不应求，因此必须定量配给。Scarce(=not available in sufficient quantity, not equal to the demand)不充足的，缺乏的，供不应求的。Inadequate 不适应的，不充分的。lack vt./vi. (=be without ; not have; have less than enough of) 缺乏；没有；缺少，例如：1）He lacks perseverance.(他缺乏坚定性。)2) Money is lacking for the plan.(此计划尚缺钱。)3) He is lacking in courage.(他缺乏勇气。)be lacking in 常指缺乏某种品质、特点等。lack作及物动词时，一般不用被动语态，故不能选C. lacked.4)They lacked for nothing.(他们什么也不缺。) 有人认为，lack for是美国英语。案例3.I am lacking of practice or I am lacking practice.BE：正常表达的方式是:I havent given a massage for a long time. Im out of practice.If you want to use the verb to lack:I lack practice or Im lacking in practice.案例4.1. Lacking money, he couldnt spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.2. Lacking in money, he couldnt spend his holiday in Shanghai this summer.Q：这两句是否都对？答：句对(lack sth.)；句错（但语法结构并不错be lacking in sth.）.句类似结构的关键是 be lacking in + qualityLacking in courage, he would never leave home.Totally lacking in charm, he could not attract the audience.注：However, this is still not very idiomatic. I would expect:Because he was lacking in courage, he never left home. 注意事项1There is no lack o