专题十一动词的时态.doc

专题十一 动词的时态动词主要用来表示动作，状态和性质，而动作和状态的发生有具体的时间和表现方式，这就是英语中的时态。英语动词有五种基本形式：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去分词和过去式。动词的几种基本形式变化表 一 第三人称单数形式1 在动词原形后加s runs, likes 2 以 ch ,sh, s, x, o 结尾的动词后加es . teaches washes goes passes3 以辅音字母加y 结尾的词，先变y 为 i再加es studies tries二 现在分词1 在动词原形后加ing . reading doing 2 以不发音的e 结尾的词，去 e 再加 ing . live-living write-writing3 以重读闭音节结尾的词，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后再加ing sit-sitting begin-beginning swim-swimming put-putting 4 少数几个以ie 结尾的动词要变 ie 为 y ，再加ingdie-dying lielying tie-tying三 过去式与过去分词1 动词原形加ed. worked wanted2 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变i再加ed. carry-carried study-studied3 以e结尾的动词，直接加d. live-lived4 以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写该辅音字母再加ed.stop-stopped plan-planned常见的几种动词时态一 一般现在时1.一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，如果主语是第三人称单数，则在动词原形后加s/es（即动词的单三形式）如：I like red. He likes red.2.一般现在时的用法1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，与often , always, usually, sometimes, once a week, every day等表示频度的副词和时间状语连用。如：I often go to school by bike.He reads English every morning.2）表示职业，爱好等He works in an office.I like dancing.3)表示客观事实或普遍真理The earth moves around the sun.4）在时间，条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the park.When I grow up , I will go to America.5)在某些以here, there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如：There goes the bell.（铃响了）3 连用的时间状语1） 表示频度的词：often, always, usually, sometimes2） on Sundays, every day, in the morning, every year3） once a week , twice a day , three times a year 二 一般过去时1 构成：用动词过去式表示2 用法：1） 表示在过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I got up at six this morning .His father went to Beijing yesterday.2） 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如：When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.注意：和一般过去时连用的时间状语有 yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday, last week , last night, two years ago, in 1998, in the past, at that time , just now,三 一般将来时1 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，其构成是will +动词原形，常与表将来的时间状语连用， 如：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, the day after tomorrow后天, next week下一周 , next year明年 , in +一段时间（如：in two days两天后, in ten years 十年后）They will leave for Shanghai next week. 他们将在下周去上海。Will you be back in two days?你两天后会回来吗？注意： 当主语是I或we时，问句中一般使用shall，表示征求对方的意见。如：Where shall we meet tomorrow?明天 我们在哪里见面？2.be going to +动词原形，表示计划，打算做某事，表示已决定很可能发生的事。如：What are you going to do next Sunday?下周日你打算干什么？Im going to listen to music.我打算听音乐。Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那些乌云，暴风雨就要来临了。（客观迹象）3.be doing 表示将来常用这种结构的动词有：go , come , leave, stay , start, begin, 等We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。4.用一般现在时表示将来的情况：Were going to Changchun . Our plane takes off at 8:10.我们打算去长春。我们的飞机8：10 起飞。If it doesnt rain this afternoon, well have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨， 我们将进行一场足球比赛。四 现在进行时1 构成：be (is / am / are)+动词 的现在分词2 用法：1） 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。What are you doing ?I am reading English.2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。3)go, leave , arrive, start等动词用现在进行时表示将来He is leaving tomorrow.4)当时间状语为now, these days,等或当句子中含有look, listen, can you see, cant you see之类的暗示词时，要用现在进行时。Listen! Who is singing? Some boys are playing football on the playground now. 但应注意下列动词一般不用现在进行时态表示感觉的动词，如：see, hear. feel表示喜欢或厌恶的动词， 如：like, hate表示希望的动词， 如：want, hope, wish 表示状态的动词，如：be表示归属的动词，如：have 表示思维，知识或理解能力的动词，如：know, think , forget, remember习题：1.-What does Toms uncle do?-He is a teacher. He _physics at a school now.A. will teach B. has taught C. teaches D. taught2.Mary isnt here at the moment. She _later.A. comes B. came C. has come D. is coming3.M ay I speak to the headmaster?-He _a meeting now. Can I take a message?A. is having B. had C. has D. will have4.Mr. Green, a famous writer,_our school next week.A. visited B. visits C. was visiting D. will visit5. Just a minute! My brother _his car in the garden.A. washes B. is washing C. washed D. will wash6.When you _at a restaurant, please order just enough food.A. ate B. will eat C. eat D. have eaten7.Henry will give us a report as soon as he _.A.arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive8.Look! Peter _TV happily, but his parents are busy in the kitchen.A. is watching B. watches C. watched9.My sister wants a new dress. She _it to the party.A. wear B. has wore C. wore D. is going to wear10.-Sam, come downstairs, please. I need your help.-Sorry,mum. I _on the phone.A. am talking B. talked C. was talking D. have talked11.Do you know if he _to play football with us ?-I think he will come if he _free tomorrow.A. comes, is B. comes, will be C. will come, is D. will come ,will be12.Tony _football every weekend when he was youny.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played13.-Where is Li Lei?-He _his sports shoes in the room. He _football with his friends.A. is putting on, is playing B. puts on, will play C. is putting on, will play D.put on, played14.She will find him a kind man when she _more about him.A. knows B. know C. will know D. is going to know15.Trees _green in spring.A. turns B. turn C. will turn D turned 专题十二 情态动词情态动词具有以下特征：1 后跟动词原形2 没有人称和数的变化3 变否定句时，在情态动词后直接加not4 变疑问句时，把情态动词提前如：I can swim.I cant swim.Can you swim?Yes, I can. / No, I cant.He should look after himself well.常见情态动词的用法一 Can /could 的用法1表示能力的用法can表示能力，意思是“能，会”，其否定式cant表示“不能”。在过去时中用could和couldnt如：Can you speak French?I could ride a bike when I was 8.2 .can表示推测的用法意思为“可能”，表示客观可能性，常用于疑问句和否定句中。She cant be here. She went on business yesterday.3. can /could 表示请求，许可的用法Can 和could都表示请求或允许， 用could比用can语气更加委婉客气，常用句式Could I /you .?表示“我/你能.吗”若表示同意要用can， 不用could1)-Can you take a message?-Yes, I can.2)-Could you tell me where the bank is ?-Certainly.二must的用法1 must表示主观的看法。意为“必须，应该”， 表示必须要做的事，其否定式mustnt表示禁止，即不允许对方做某事.-Must I finish the work today ?我必须今天完成这项工作吗？-No, you neednt.不必。注意：must开头的一般疑问句，如果是否定的回答，要用neednt或 dont have to ，表示“不必，没有必要”的意思，不用mustnt，因为mustnt表示禁止或不允许.三 may 的用法1may表示请求，许可的用法may表示许可或征求对方许可，表示“可以”的意思，常常与第一人称I连用，构成May I.?句式,表示“我可以.吗？” 肯定回答用Yes,you may./ Yes, please.等，否定回答用No, you cant. 或No, you mustnt，不用No, you may not.。might是may 的过去式，可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。May I borrow your pen?-May I come in ?-Yes, please.2. may 表推测，可能性的用法may表示可能性，意思是“也许，可能”。在表示可能性的推测中，must的可能性最大，它一般只用在肯定结构中，can常用与否定句或疑问句中，may则用与肯定句或否定句中。A teacher may also make a mistake if he or she is not careful enough.如果老师不够仔细，他或她也会犯错误-I cant find Tom, where is he?我找不到汤姆了，他在哪？-I am not sure. He may be in the library.我不知道。他也许在图书室。3 表示祝愿May you succeed!祝你成功！四 shall ,should的用法1shall表征询意见，用于第一人称疑问句。如：Shall we have a rest here?我们能在这儿休息吗？2should表义务。意为“应该”，用于各种人称。We should obey the school rules.我们应该遵守学校制度。五 Will, would 的用法1will的用法1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。I will help you study English.我会帮你学习英语。2） 表请求，用于疑问句Will you pass me the salt?请把盐递给我好吗？2.would 的用法1）表意愿2）表委婉地提出请求，建议或看法。Should,would ,could, might这几个情态动词虽然都是过去式形式，但它们却更多地用来表示现在时间，表达一种委婉的语气。Would you please not smoke here?请你不要在这吸烟好吗？六need的用法1表“需要”，一般不能用于肯定句，仅用于否定句，疑问句和条件状语从句中。回答时，肯定答语用must，否定用neednt，与must答语一样。Its fine today. You neednt take an umbrella with you.今天天气很好，你不必随身带雨伞。3 用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。后面有动词时，要加to,The floor is dirty . You need to clean it.六 had better的用法had better do sth.表示“最好做某事”，否定用had better not do sth.Youd better stay at home.易混易错点：1 can和be able tocan 和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只用现在时和过去时(could)，be able to有现在时，过去时和将来时。Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can.吉姆去年不会说汉语，但今年他会了。We will be able to come back next week.我们下周能回来。2.must 和 have to must和 have/has to 意思是“必须”，常可以互换使用，但是have to用于强调客观需要，意为“必须，不得不”， must用于表示主观看法. have to 有单三形式has to，其否定形式为dont have to / doesnt have to / didnt have toHis mother is ill, he has to stay at home .We must work hard at school.3.may be 和 maybe may为情态动词，后加动词原形 be，用在句中，maybe 为副词，意为“大概，也许”，相当于 perhaps， 用于句首。Maybe he is at home.He may be at home.他可能在家。练习题：1.-_you sing an English song?-Yes, I can.A. Can B. May C. Must D. Need2.-where are you going this month?-We _go to Xiamen, but were not sure.A. neednt B. must C. might D. mustnt3.-Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, dad?-No, you _, son. Youre free to make your own decision.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt4.Hurry up, or you _ catch the train.A. cant B. neednt C. couldnt D. shouldnt5.-_I have lunch now, Mom?-No, You must wash your hands first.A. Would B. May C. Should D. Need6.You _drive your car so fast. Its very dangerous.A. wouldnt B. shouldnt C. couldnt D. mightnt7.If you _go , at least wait until the rain stops.A. can B. may C. must D. will8.-_I swim here?-Im sorry. Children _swim alone here.A. Must, cant B. May, must C. Can, mustnt D. Cant , can9.-Must I stay here the whole day ?-No, you _. You _come back after lunch, if you like.A. mustnt, can B. neednt , must C.neednt, may10.His mother is ill, so he _stay at home and look after her.A.