会考复习六介词.doc

常见介词的用法介词属虚词，不能单独使用, 必须和名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语，在句中做表语，定语、状语、补语等成分。根据介词的用法，通常可以分为：时间、地点、趋向和其他四类介词。一、表示时间的介词1）、时间三姐妹 at, in, on. at常用于“在几点几分” 如：at 7:00am/pm及某些固定法如：at noon, at night中； in 表“在某年、某月、某季节”及泛指“在上午下午晚上” 如： in 2006, in summer, in the morning/afternoon/evening, on 表“在某天及某天的上午下午晚上”如： on Sunday, on May 2nd, on Monday morning, on a warm morning, on the morning of July 1st2）、时间的前后 after, before Eg. Dont say that before you look at the picture. After four days, she came to a deep river.3）、时间的期限 by, till/until Eg. By the time I arrived, she had already gone. I wont be free till/until Saturday afternoon4）、时间的期间 for, during Eg. Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest. During the lifetime of one man, it often happens a lot of things. 5）、时间的起点 from, since Eg. The workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening.Since that time, my eyes had never been very good.6）、时间的经过 in, within （在时间内）Eg. I heard that she would be back in a month.In this way, the message would be sent 500kms within a few hours.二、地点，方向和方位的介词1) at ,in, on, to，for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边” in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻，接壤，“在上面”。 to 表示在范围外，不强调是否接壤；或“到”2) above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对； over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.3) below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4) in front of, in the front of在前面 in front of意思是“在前面”，指甲物在乙物之前，两者互不包括；其反义词是behind（在的后面）。 There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在.的前部”，即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of（在范围内的后部）。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. (我们的教室前边有一块黑板。) Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5）beside，behind beside 表示在旁边 behind 表示在后面三 表示方式、工具的介词 by的用法by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；1.by+动词ing 表示“通过方式” The blind learn something by touching. 盲人通过触摸学习东西。 We get more information by reading newspaper. 通过阅读报纸，我们得到更多消息。2.by+交通工具 表示“搭乘”by bus、by ship乘船、by taxi、by train搭火车、by plane搭飞机注意：by car=in a/his car 坐车；by plane=in a plane；by bike=in a bike on foot=with ones feet 步行3.by+水陆空状态词也表示交通方式，如：by road 公路运输；乘汽车 by land 陆地运输 by sea 海路运输；乘船by water 水路运输；乘船 by air 航空运输；搭飞机4.by+通讯方式，表示“用作为联系方式”by letter 书信联系；以书信的方式 by express 快递 by fax 传真 in的用法 in+语言 表示“用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等”例：in Chinese 用中文 in French 用法语 How do you spell your name in English？with的用法 with+具体的工具或五官 表示“用”例：eat with a spoon 用勺子吃 write with a pencil 用铅笔写 cut with a knife 用刀子切 We see with our eyes, and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听。四、 其它介词。1. like 象一样 as 作为；按照，象一样（连词） 句子2. for为了（表示目的或原因）;（后面加一段时间）表示时间段3. against 反对 except， instead of4. about 关于 5. 动词介词/副词”短语的区别turn on/off/up/down; look at/for/after/over/up; put on/up/away/down; be used for/as/by; be made by/in/of/from介词用法口诀(一)早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。 将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。注： in the morning /afternoon /evening in the day at dawn/daybreak(黎明) at noon at night at midnight in 2006, in July, in summer Dont read in dim（暗淡的） light. in the bright sunlight the woman in white (black, red, yellow) in brown shoes They will come back in 10 days. Ill come round in a day or two. Well be back in no time. Come and see me in two days time. in China in Beijing at Qiaojia介词用法口诀(二)in (从现在开始) after. (从过去开始) 有形with无形by，语言 、单位、材料in ; 特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in 介词at、to表方向，攻击、位置、善、恶、分 日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on on the second of January 或 on January the second on a summer evening on New Years Day on my birthday 五、易混淆介词及词组归类1、in 段时间，与将来时连用，表过一段时间之后 段时间，与过去时连用，表过一段时间之后after 点时间，与将来时连用，表多少时间之后Eg. He will be back after three oclock. He will be back in a few minutes. He came back after three days.2. in the east of （内含）（根据数学中两圆关系的判断 ） to the east of （相离） on the east of （外切） 3 in the tree （表示树上不能生长的东西） on the tree （表示能在树上生长的东西）4. in the wall（在墙的内部） on the wall（在墙的表面）由什么材料组成5. be made of (看得出原材料) The desk is made of wood be made from （看不得出原材料）The bread is made from wheatbe made in在哪里制造 Most of the phones are made in China. be made by由什么人制造6.be used for被用来做什么 be used as被当作什么来使用 be used by由什么人来用 used to过去常常做某事7.go on 继续 go on doing sth / go on with sth接着做相同的事 go on to do sth 继续做不同的事六、在下列情况下，时间状语前不用介词：1. 当时间状语是today, tonight, yesterday, the day before yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening等时。She went to the park yesterday.Ill be free tomorrow morning.2.含有this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等的时间状语不用介词。We are going to play basketball this afternoon.I saw him in the street last Sunday.My mother gets up early every morning.We are working on the farm these days.3.以all开头的时间状语。如：all day, all week, all year等前面不用介词。He was busy all day yesterday.She was ill in bed all week.4.以some, any, one等构成的时间状语前不用介词。You will feel sorry for it some day.You can come and ask me any time you like.This happened one winter morning.注意：当one变成a时，往往就要用介词on。 This happened on a winters morning. Exercise:Fill in the blanks with the right prepositions1) She was born _the morning of April 22,1987.2) Is there a report about the bad weather _ todays newspaper?3) Go _the bridge, youll find the museum on your left hand side.4) Say “please!” when you ask _somebody.5) _the time I arrived, the train had gone.6) We visited him at his workplace _ the young trees.7) The artist has finished drawing the horse_ five minutes.8) Sometimes Mary could hear planes _the trees.9) Ma Lili argued