2018_2019学年高考英语一轮复习4Society高考试卷分块专练北师大版.docx

Unit 24 Society高考试卷分块专练第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)AMost foodies (吃货) agree that eating healthy food is important.But sometimes making good food choices can be tough.Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.Cheese & Wine Pairing appWine and cheese can be a great combination.But which wines go best with which cheeses？Max McCalmans Cheese & Wine Pairing can help.It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each.Max McCalmans Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads.Calorific appWhat does 200 calories look like？It can be hard to picture.Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food.The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food.The app is free for iPads and iPhones.There is also a version that provides more information for a price.HappyCow appVegetarians do not eat animal meat.Vegans do not eat any animal products.HappyCow is made for both groups.Users can search for vegetarianvegan restaurants and stores around the world.A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection.LocalEats appRestaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel.But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals.LocalEats is designed for that.It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area.The app costs about a dollar.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了四款与饮食有关的手机应用程序，它们可以帮助吃货们充分了解他们的饮食，帮助他们健康节食以及提高他们在外吃饭的质量。21If people want to go on a diet, they need _.ACheese & Wine PairingBLocalEatsCCalorific DHappyCow解析：选C细节理解题。根据Calorific app部分的“The pictures can help people on a diet .”可知，Calorific app能帮助要节食的人。故选C项。22How is LocalEats different from the other apps?AIt is made for groups.BIt is not free for iPhones or Android.CIt is designed for travelers.DIt is not available for vegetarians.解析：选B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The app costs about a dollar.”可知，LocalEats app需要付费，再根据Cheese & Wine Pairing app部分的“Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads”；Calorific app部分的“The app is free for iPads and iPhones.”及HappyCow app部分的“A free version of HappyCow is available for Android”可知，其他三款应用程序均可免费使用。故选B项。23What is the main purpose of this article?ATo help people choose free restaurants.BTo advertise the best apps for iPhones.CTo introduce some healthy eating habits.DTo inform foodies of some useful apps.解析：选D写作意图题。根据首段中主题句“Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.”以及四个小标题中的关键词app可判断，本文的主要目的是为吃货们提供有用的应用程序。故选D项。B(2018陕西黄陵中学模拟)There are good reasons not to use a traditional credit card online. Shopping online increases the odds that someone will steal your credit card number. And the buynowpaylater aspect of credit cards encourages some people to dangerously overspend. But the online economy is very much a credit card economy. If youre going to buy a song, book, or just anything online, youll be expected to enter a credit card number. Fortunately, there are options.Before we get to the good options, lets discuss an obvious but very bad one: your ATM card. Sure, it has a 16digit number and can be used as a credit card. But its a debit card, with the money coming out of your bank account immediately with each charge. If a thief gets your number, he or she could empty your account before you know what happened. Not so with a real credit card, where you pay nothing until you see the monthly bill and can challenge doubtful charges.Instead, ask your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchases, and keep only a small amount in that account. The account would need its own ATM card, with its own credit card number. Just make sure this account lacks overdraft protection; you dont want money moving automatically from your real account into this one.Another option: Sign up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank account. The payment service of Paypal can give you a debit card that you can use in place of a credit card.Finally, you can use gift cards, which you can buy at oldfashioned brickandmortar stores (实体店). You can even buy these with cash.I found gift cards for various prepaid amounts for Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Ebay, and others. They also sell prepaid Visa cards, which you could purchase for any amount between 20 and500.语篇解读：我们有足够的理由不使用传统的信用卡网购，因为那很容易让某些人偷走我们的信用卡号，我们的账户就会面临被刷空的风险。那么如何既适应网购大潮，又保护好自己的金钱呢？本文提出了几种不直接用传统信用卡进行网购的做法。24The underlined word “odds” in Paragraph probably means “_”Ariches BchancesCabilities Dresponsibilities解析：选B词义推测题。根据被猜词前面的increases一词以及后面that引导的同位语从句that someone will steal your credit card number 可知，网上购物增加了他人盗走你的信用卡号的可能性，故本题选择B项“可能性”。A项意为“财富”；C项意为“能力”；D项意为“责任”。25Which is NOT true of an ATM card from the passage?AIt can be used as a credit card.BIt has a 16digit number.CIt is a debit card.DIt is oldfashioned.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“Sure, it has a 16digit number and can be used as a credit card. But its a debit card”可知，A、B与C项都与ATM card“金融卡”有关，而D项在文中未提及。26Which are the right options to shop online without a credit card?akeeping a large amount in your secondary accountbsigning up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank accountcusing gift cards bought at oldfashioned brickandmortar storesdasking your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchasesAa，b，c Ba，b，dCa，c，d Db，c，d 解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“keep only a small amount in that account”可知，a项中large一词错误，故正确答案中不应该包括a，故本题选择D项。27What would be the best title for the passage?AHow to Shop Online Without a Traditional Credit CardBWhy We Shouldnt Use a Credit Card OnlineCSeveral Ways to Shop Online Efficiently DWhat Sites Sell Prepaid Visa Cards解析：选A标题归纳题。 第一段第一句提出不要用传统的信用卡进行网上购物，最后一句提出有其他选择可以取代这种支付形式；其余五段接着说明了具体的替代方式，也就是不用传统的信用卡却能进行网购的做法，故本题选择A项。C项意为“高效率网购的几种做法”，与本文内容不符，故排除。CRobert Ballard was born in 1942.Form an early age, he loved the sea.Ballard grew up in Southern California.He spent his free time at the beach near his home.He enjoyed fishing and swimming.He even learned to dive.When Ballard wasnt at the ocean, he loved reading about it.At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.His parents helped him follow his dream.Ballard was a hardworking student.He spent many years learning all he could about the ocean.By the age of 28, he was an expert.In 1970, he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals.These animals lived far below the oceans surface, where scientists had believed no animals could live.By the 1980s, Ballards interests changed.He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom.His first find, the wellknown ship Titanic, made Ballard famous.He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked for and found other wellknown ships.One was the German battleship Bismarck.Another was the USS Yorktown, an aircraft carrier (航空母舰) that sank during World War .Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer.He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science.Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps.After all, the worlds huge oceans are mostly unknown.Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea?语篇解读：本文介绍了海底探险家罗伯特巴拉德的人生经历，包括他小时候的理想、学习经历以及长大后的成就。28What was Ballards dream when he was young?ATo be an animal expert.BTo be a professional diver.CTo be a famous writer.DTo be an underwater explorer.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德小时候的梦想是做一名海底探险者。故选D项。29When Ballard worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, he_.Aexplored mountains with other scientistsBthought of ideas to predict underwater volcanoesCfound some unknown sea animals aloneDdeveloped unmanned vehicles to change interests解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，巴拉德在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所工作时，提出了预测海底火山的方法。故选B项。30What can be a suitable title for the passage?AThe Unknown Ocean WorldBA Hardworking StudentCThe Life of an Undersea ExplorerDAn Underwater Exploration解析：选C标题归纳题。根据文章的时间线索可知，本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了海底探险家罗伯特巴拉德的人生经历。故选C项。31Which of the following is TRUE about Ballard according to the passage?ABallard set up an organization to teach students science.BBallard has explored more than half of the worlds oceans.CBallard disappointed his parents at his undersea adventures.DBallard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德受海底两万里这本书的影响很大。故选D项。D(2018天津河北区质检)Sometimes having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink, wear strange hairdos and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks.Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what explains their risky behavior?According to Laurence Steinberg, a professor at Temple University, US, the reason is that teens care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them thats the effect of “peer influence”， reported Science Daily.As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates and also become more sensitive to their feedback (反馈). This sensitivity drives teenagers to concentrate on the shortterm benefits of making risky choices and overlook the costs.In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they played alone, they tended to drive more safely.Why does pressure from peers have such a big influence on teens behavior?As Steinberg sees it, a teenagers brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator”， the brains ability to notice the benefits of things, is fully developed by teenage years while the “brake”， the brain part related to controlling impulses (冲动) and longterm thinking, is still immature. When teens are under the pressure of being judged by their peers, they tend to push hard on the accelerator. Given how weak the brake is, it is likely that they are going to end up in a crash.But the good news here, according to Steinberg, is that a violent teenager doesnt necessarily become a violent adult. About twothirds to threequarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more selfcontrolled，” Steinberg told Live Science.Also, people who havent committed a violent crime by age 19 are less likely to start doing it later, added Steinberg.语篇解读：家里有个问题青年是件令人头疼的事情，可是这些暴力青年在长大后并不一定会成为暴力成年人。32The underlined word “irrational” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to “_”Acrazy BquickCcareful Dindependent解析：选A词义猜测题。结合第一段可知青少年可能会做出一些疯狂的决定。irrational与crazy意思相近。33Why are teenagers likely to take risks according to the text?AThey are too young to tell right from wrong.BThey are eager to challenge themselves.CThey care a lot about what their peers think of them.DTheir brains are more sensitive to thrilling events.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段“teens care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them”可知选项C正确。34How does Steinberg explain the influence of peer pressure on teens behavior?ABy performing an indepth analysis.BBy giving examples.CBy using a metaphor (比喻)DBy presenting research findings.解析：选C推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“As Steinberg sees it, a teenagers brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车)”可知选项C正确。35According to the text, with peers around them, teenagers tend to _.Ause more selfcontrolBbecome more careful about what they doCperform better than when they are aloneDfocus more on shortterm benefits解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第五段“When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning.”可知选项D正确。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)American teenagers are driving less than ever before. Surveys of American youngsters show that young people in America prefer to spend their time online, chatting with their friends or playing games on the Internet rather than cruising (漫游) around in their cars. _36_For generations cars have been a symbol of freedom and Americas most important pastime. You had to have a car at an early age if you wanted to be cool. As gas prices are increasing, car driving is becoming more expensive. For almost half of the generation between 18 and 26, having good Internet access is more important than owning a car. _37_There they can chat, exchange photos and play games together.The golden age of the 50s and 60s, in which teenagers drove around just for the fun of it, is gone. In those days a shiny new car was something to boast about. It showed who you were. Among the baby boomers of the postWorld War era, 85% wanted their own cars. _38_ In 2010 the figure dropped to only 30%.Today driving is not as much fun as it was in the 50s and 60s when there was not so much traffic. _39_ In the golden age cars were everything young people had so they just got into them and drove off as soon as they got home from school.Another reason for the decrease in teenage driving may be stricter driving tests and the fact that 16yearolds must be accompanied by licensed drivers over 21.But not only teenagers have been driving less. A study shows that Americans of all ages have cut down car use, mostly because gas prices have been going up since 2007. _40_ It has more cars per person than any other country in the world.ASeldom can they pass the driving test easily.BAmerica, however, remains a country of automobiles.CAnd you didnt have to pay so much attention on the roads.DThe car as a status symbol is not as important for them as it used to be.EYoung adults of today dont meet their friends in person but via the Internet.FMore and more teenagers tend to devote their time and energy to playing computer games.GIn 1978, half of all 16yearolds got their driving licenses as soon as they had reached that age.语篇解读：随着油价的上涨以及网络的普及，越来越多的美国年轻人宁愿花时间上网也不愿意开着车到处闲逛了。36解析：选D上一句提到如今美国的年轻人宁愿花时间上网也不愿意开着车到处转，因此D项(对年轻人来说，作为身份象征的车已经不再如以前那样重要了)既总结上文，又点明文章主题，符合语境。37解析：选E下一句提到在网上，他们可以聊天、互换照片，也可以一起打游戏，因此E项(现在的年轻人不再面对面交流，而是通过网络联系)在此引出下文。38解析：选G下一句提到在2010年这个数字下降到了30%，因此G项(在1978年，大约半数的16岁孩子一到这个年龄就拿到了驾照)与下一句形成对比，说明现在开车的年轻人不如过去多这一事实。39解析：选C上一句提到在五六十年代，路上没有那么多的车，因此C项(并且那时你也没必要如此注意路上的车)与上文语意一致，说明了五六十年代的道路和行车状况。40解析：选B上一句提到不仅是孩子，美国各个年龄段的人对汽车的使用都在减少；下一句提到美国人均拥有车的数量仍然是最多的。因此，B项(然而美国仍是一个汽车之国)既与上一句构成转折关系，又引出下一句的论述。第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Presently selfie (自拍) is popular among many young persons, even some elders. Danny Bowman was so crazy about it in order to attract girls when he was at school.He spent 10 hours a day _41_ more than 200 selfies trying to find the _42_ one.He would take 10 photos of _43_ before he washed and would go _44_ class secretly three times every hour. At 16, he dropped out of school _45_ he could throw himself into his addiction, and he ate _46_. He did not leave his house for six months, and when he failed to take the perfect picture, he tried to _47_ himself by taking an overdose (过度用药). His mother, Penny, _48_ to save him, and forced him to ask for help after his addiction had become _49_.The 19yearold boy, believed to be Britains first selfie _50_， is now under special treatment _51_. He has not taken a picture of himself in seven months and has _52_ that achieving perfection is _53_. He told the Sunday Mirror, “I was constantly _54_ the perfect selfie and when I realized I couldnt, I wanted to die. I _55_ my friends, my education, my health and almost my life. The only thing I _56_ about was having my phone with me so that I could satisfy the desire for a picture of myself at any time of the day.”He expressed his _57_ to the doctors and said their help kept him _58_ and called on others to ask for help _59_ they ended up in hospital.One psychologist at a clinic _60_ Danny was treated said the addiction to taking selfies has now become a mental illness.语篇解读： 本文主要谈论的是自拍非常受欢迎，许多年轻人因追求完美的自拍而上瘾，现已经成为一种心理疾病。41A.gettingBmaking Ctaking Dhaving解析：选C他一天要花十个小时自拍。take selfies“自拍”。42A.good Bperfect Cbeautiful Dcomfortable解析：选B并努力找出最完美的那一张。43A.himself Bhis teacherCthe classroom Dothers解析：选A根据语境可知是自拍，故选A。44A.into BawayCinside Dout of解析：选D上课时每个小时偷偷地溜出去三次，go out of“出去”。45A.because Bso thatCbut Das if解析：选B在16岁时他辍学了，以便完全投入到自拍中。46A.faster BmoreCslow