GMAT阅读解析8-BY申友Alice老师.doc

Passage8Comparable worth（专有名词第一次出现，注意）, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay（插入语，第一遍读时可略读）,insists （表观点）that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared./ （第一层：CW的观点）In the last decade（时间状语，可略读）, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as （连词，表因果关系）large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so./（第二层：CW的重要性和被接纳广泛性）This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities-that is, situations in which pay is not fair because it does not reflect the true value of a job（插入语，可略读）-exist in the labor market. /（第一层：CW的广泛传播提高了对于工资不平等的公众意识）However（结构词，表转折）, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?/（第二层：转折引出问题仍然存在，CW制度下取得的进步是先例还是暂时的）Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of （表原因）the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. /（第一层：明确表明CW确实是先例&其原因）But（结构词，表转折） whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated.In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive （正评价词）than （出现比较，注意比较双方）other mandates, such as （举例，第一遍读时可略读）the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories)（可略读） in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks-know-how, problem-solving, and accountability-（可略读）can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. /（第二层：与其它政策相比，CW更加全面&其它政策的缺点）Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer. /（第三层：从另一方面讲CW的应用特点）逻辑简图：观点解释型第一段第一层：CW的观点。第二层：CW的重要性和被接纳广泛性。第二段第一层：CW的广泛传播提高了对于工资不平等的公众意识。第二层：转折引出问题仍然存在，CW制度下取得的进步是先例还是暂时的。第三段第一层：明确表明CW确实是先例&其原因。第二层：与其它政策相比，CW更加全面&其它政策的缺点。第三层：从另一方面讲CW的应用特点。1.Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?（主旨题）A.To criticize the implementation of a new procedure（批判一个新步骤的实施，未涉及批判，排除）B.To assess the significance of a change in policy（评价一个策略变化的意义，对应文中more comprehensive,正确）C.To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures（说明一个新标准如何替代一个步骤，文章未涉及，排除）D.To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases（解释一个新策略如何被应用到一个特殊情况下的，文章未涉及，排除）E.To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy（总结社会政策到目前为止带来的变化，文章未涉及，排除）2.According to the passage, which of the following is true of comparable worth as a policy? （细节题）这种which is true的题目较难定位，并且“Comparable worth”又是文章中的主题，所以需看全文。A. Comparable worth policy decisions in pay-inequity cases have often failed to satisfy the complainants.（CW不能平息抱怨，不符合原文内容，排除）B. Comparable worth policies have been applied to both public-sector and private-sector employee pay schedules.（定位文中第一段第二层，公有和私有企业都可应用CW政策，正确）C. Comparable worth as a policy has come to be widely criticized in the past decade. （在过去十年中，CW作为一种政策一直在被批评；文章未涉及，排除）D. Many employers have considered comparable worth as a policy but very few have actually adopted it.（承认CW政策却很少有雇主采用CW政策，与原文内容相反，排除）E. Early implementations of comparable worth policies resulted in only transitory gains in pay equity.（贯彻CW政策在支付平等中只得到了短暂的利益，过于绝对，并且不符合原文内容，排除）3.Which of the following best describes an application of the principles of comparable worth as they are described in the passage?（细节题）需了解到可比价值的应用特点，定位原文第三段第三层。A. The current pay, rates of increase, and rates of promotion for female mechanics are compared with those of male mechanics.（文章未涉及，排除）B. The training, skills, and job experience of computer programmers in one division of a corporation are compared to those of programmers making more money in another division.（与原文不符，排除）C. The number of women holding top executive positions in a corporation is compared to the number of women available for promotion to those positions, and both tallies are matched to the tallies for men in the same corporation. （文章未涉及，排除）D. The skills, training, and job responsibilities of the clerks in the township tax assessors office are compared to those of the mu