大学英语四、六级汉译英讲座.doc

大学英语四、六级考试汉译英专题讲座新四级的考题按六大部分设计，第六部分为翻译(ChineseEnglish translation)，命题形式是给出未完成的句子，共有5个句子。句中缺失部分用中文标示出，要求考生要求在5分钟内将中文译成准确、规范的英文。与往年考过的翻译不同，新题型中的汉译英的句子不是从阅读文章中抽取，而测的是考生对句子短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力，考生如果词汇量够用，且具备扎实的语法知识（主要是句法），还是可以解决的。从2006年6月24号的第一次新四级考试我们发现：汉译英试题难度比考前预测要低，考生拿分相对容易。与其他主观题比较，汉译英题目只是以句为单位，而选词填空（“十五选十”）或改错注重考察对上下文的理解，复合式听写则需要考生将相当大的精力分散到听的方面。与写作相比，新四、六级考察的汉译英只是五个难度中等的词组或从句的英语表达，这比写一篇120-150个左右的英文单词的文章要容易很多。一 解 题 指 南仔细分析新四、六级试卷上的翻译部分，我们发现其难度并不大。理由如下：（1）考题只考查汉译英，没有英译汉。与以往翻译中的长句英译汉相比较则简单很多；（2）题目内容不考查专业知识，只是一般的短句翻译，没有涉及难度较大的新闻、文学和科技、经贸翻译。句子没有设置大主题语境，至于翻译的“信、达、雅”三大标准根本就用不着，考生只要达到四级水平就足于应付；（3）形式为翻译，实质上是把句子补完整，考查语法结构和词组运用知识。每句只含有15个左右的英语单词，需翻译部分也只有3到8个单词。虽说该类型翻译不是很复杂，但由于非英语专业考生缺乏基本的汉英翻译的训练和技巧，要想拿到高分也决非易事。那么如何更好地理解和解答这一翻译试题呢？下面通过分析教育部提供的5个样题来掌握考查的内容。1Substance does not dissolve in water _(不管是否加热)。该句意思为：不管是否加热，这种物质都不会溶解于水。分析：翻译时考生可以不必仔细考虑前半句，得多注意提示部分的汉语：不管是否加热。“不管是否”，这一结构应该比较简单，英语中相对应的结构是“whether or ”。接下来看如何翻译“加热”， 此处关键在于是主动还是被动处理，从上下文意思可以看出是water而不是substance被加热，所以得用被动语态，即whether (it is) heated or not，填入部分作让步状语从句，it is可以被省略。考查重点： （1）状语从句知识：考生复习时要多注意whether or, though, no matter how等结构。（2）分词用法：注意辨别现在分词和过去分词，同时注意动词主动、被动语态的运用。2 Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but he didnt do a good repair job either. 该句意思为：他不但向我收费过高，而且东西修理得不怎么样。分析：该句补全部分的处理要考虑两点。一是动词“收费”怎么翻译，英语中常用“charge”，所以“过高”则可使用too much。当然此处“收费过高”也可以用“overcharge”来表达。二是本句中“not onlybut”结构中出现了否定词前置到句首的问题，要考虑到倒装句。结合后半句一般过去时形式，把助动词did置于主语前面，按照倒装结构则翻译成“Not only did he charge me too much”或者“Not only did he overcharge me”。考查重点： 英语倒装句结构中的否定词前置现象。类似的知识点还要注意Nor/No sooner /By no means/At no times/On no account/Never/Neither/Hardly/Scarcely等否定词在句首的倒装情况。3. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比)。该句意思为“你在生意中的损失与我的相比不值一题。”分析：翻译该句补全部分的汉语要注意两个知识点。首先，翻译“我的”应当使用名词性物主代词“mine”。其次，“与相比”对应的英语表达是 “compared with”或者“in comparison with”，此处重在考查英语短语或词组知识的记忆情况，在翻译要注意区分跟“compare with”与“compare to”的不同。考查重点： 英语短语或词组知识：考生需要掌握握大量类似compared with以及名词形式in comparison with的词组或短语，尤其要注意固定搭配所需要使用的介词副词。 4. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London. 该句意思为：据说，游客平均一天在利兹花掉的钱只有在伦敦的一半那么多。 分析：细心的考生可以发现本句考查的asas结构。因为是比较关系，把在Leeds和在London的费用做比较，所以后半句有明确的“as”一词。空缺部分得出现 “as”,及 “half”和“money”。这里关键的问题是如何解决这三个词的次序。要顺利地解决它我们就必须知道英语中是怎么表达比较结构中的倍数问题的。其原则是：倍数数字放在最开始，接下来是关于量的as much + n.+ as结构,。因此，本句要填入 “half as much money”。考查重点： 比较结构：考查同级比较中的倍数关系，类似表达还有twice as much(many) as5. By contrast, American mothers were more likely_ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent. 该句意思为：相比较，美国的母亲们更可能把孩子的成功归因于天赋。 分析：本句再次在词组方面进行考查，“把归因于”是大学英语四、六级考查率极高的一个语言点。考生应当熟练把握 “attributeto”的拼写和用法。此外还需知道“likely”一词的用法, 它的搭配“be likely to do sth”表示“可能”的意思。所以需要填入的部分就是“to attribute their childrens success to”。此处“把归因于”也可用 “ascribeto”来表示 考查重点： 动词词组：表示因果关系的attribute to。需要熟练掌握用法的还有lead to, result in, result from, be to blame for, be responsible for。另外，还要学会使用拼写类似的词组contribute to，表示“有助于，对做出贡献”。通过仔细研究以上样题的考点，可以发现新四、六级在放弃老四、六级的词汇语法结构题型后，把相关知识点设置到了其它的几种题型中。新四、六级的翻译部分就重点考查了各类词组搭配、语法知识的运用，而且多为老四、六级题目中的重点。因此我们认为考生依旧不能放弃对英语语法知识如倒装句、虚拟语气、分词、从句的准备。此外，大量常用英语短语词组仍然需要日积月累。总之，熟练掌握四、六级大纲规定的词汇、词组、语法知识，并且活学活用，考生才能够征服和驾驭千变万化的题型。 二 评 分 标 准1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切，信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分，3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4. 整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5. 大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。2006.12 CET 4 翻译试题87题Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy _ (适应不同文化中的生活).adjust / adapt to life in a different culture1 分adapt to the life in the different cultureadapt oneself to life in different kinds of culturebe adapted to the life in different culturesget used / be accustomed to life in a different cultureadjust to lives in / of different culturesdo in Rome as the Romans do0.5 分adapt themselves to a different culture life (语言错误)adapt to live in different cultures(语言错误)adjust to the living in different culture(语言错误)survive / live /exist/ stay alive/ fit in / get along in a different culture (意思不确切)0 分suit/ fit/ suitable the life in a different culture fix to life between difference countriesadopt to life with different culturelive in different customers88题Since my childhood I have found that _ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力).nothing attracts me more than reading / nothing is more attractive to me than reading1 分nothing attracts me so much as readingnothing but / other than /except reading can attract me so muchnothing can / could be so fascinating /inviting as readingnothing is more appealing to me than reading booksreading appeals to me more than anything else/ anythingreading is the most attractive (thing) ( to/ for me)there is nothing more attractive / interesting to me than readingthere is nothing that can be more attractive to me than reading booksthere is nothing else that appeals to me more than reading0.5 分there is nothing but reading that can catch me attention (意思不确切)nothing was more attractive to me than reading (语言错误)there is no more attractive thing than reading (意思不确切)nothing is more interesting than reading (books) for / to me (意思不确切)nothing could appeal me so much as reading (语言错误)nothing else attracts me more than books do (意思不确切)theres nothing but reading is attractive to me (语言错误)there has nothing that attracted me more than reading (语言错误)0 分there is nothing than reading that is attractive me a lot (意思不确, 语言错误)nothing more interesting than reading book for me (意思不确, 语言错误)nothing is more attracted to me than study / studying / studies (意思不确, 语言错误)nothing can contract me more than reading books (整体意思错误)nothing has impress me more than reading (整体意思错误, 语言错误)89题The victim _ (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have had a chance of surviving1 分would have survived could have been savedwould have been able / likely to survivewould have had a chance to stay alivemight have had chances to survivecould have had an opportunity to be aliveshould have had a chance to live (on)0.5 分would have had chance to survive (语言错误)had the chance to survive (语言错误)would have the chance to survive (语言错误)0 分would have the chance to live up (意思不确切, 语言错误)should have had chance living (意思不确切, 语言错误)was thought to have opportunity to survive (意思不确切, 语言错误)90题Some psychologists claim that people _ (出门在外可能会感到孤独). are likely to / may / might feel lonely when (they are ) away from home1 分may suffer from loneliness while (being / staying) away from homecould feel lonely when they are out of home / not at home(who are) away from home may feel lonelymay feel alone when away from home0.5 分may suffer loneliness when away from home (语言错误)may feel lonely when they are outside home / outside / out / outdoor(s) (意思不确切) will feel lonely when they are far away from home (意思不确切)might feel lonely when they go out / leave home (意思不确切)may feel isolated / separated when away from home (意思不确切)0 分may fell along when they are out (语言错误)maybe feel alone when he is out (意思不确切, 语言错误)when are away from hometown will probably feel alone (意思不确切, 语言错误)should feel lonely when working far from home (意思不确切, 语言错误)may feel alone when they is single in another city (意思不确切, 语言错误)91题The nations population continues to rise _ (每年1200万人的速度). at a rate of 12 million per / a / each year1 分at the rate of 12 million people annuallyat an annual rate of 12,000,000by 12 million yearly0.5 分increase 12,000,000 people every year (语言错误)at a rate of 12 millions a year (语言错误) at a rate of 12 million peoples each year (语言错误) at a pace of 12 million a year (用词不当)at / by / with / in / under the speed of 12,000, 000 per year (用词不当)0 分at the race / growth of 12,000,000 each year (意思错误)at a rate of 120/ 1.2 million people a year (意思错误) 1,200 / 120,000 people per year (意思错误)at a speed of 12 million (用词不当,信息不全)三真题分析（2006年6月24号新四级考试翻译部分题目）87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble _(找到去历史博物馆的路).88. _(为了挣钱供我上学)， Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.89. The professor required that _(我们交研究报告)。90. The more you explain, _(我愈糊涂)91. Though a skilled worker, _(他被公司解雇了).解析：汉译英命题难度不大，所涉及到的词汇如history, museum, education, research, report, confused, company等都属于基本词汇。对考生而言，选择正确的词形和句型则是更大的挑战。下面我们来分析这5个句子。87题，题干中已经给出have no trouble, 说明考察的是have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.这一词组，因此解题的关键在于考生是否会使用动名词形式。参考答案： finding the way to the history museum88题，需要翻译的是目的状语，英语中常用 “in order to”或“to”来表示。容易出错的是考生可能会使用“so as to”来开头，这一结构不能置于句首。 这一题中给出的参考答案使用了finance的动词用法，但考生也能使用raise/make money, support等相对基础的词汇。参考答案： In order to support my university studies (to finance my education)/ In order to make money for my university studies89题，require that是建议句型的一个变体，这个句型补全之后的形式应为 require that sb. (should) do sth.；参考答案: we hand in our research report(s)90题，是考生应该十分熟悉的the more, the more 句型；同时，对“糊涂”的正确译法“be confused”相信也应是关键采分点之一。参考答案：the more confused I am91题则是让步状语从句之后的主句，关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。参考答案：he was fired by the company从以上分析我们知道，汉译英部分考查的实质仍是基础知识。如果考生备考时能够牢固掌握核心知识点，拿到汉译英部分分数应该是相对容易的。但是需要注意到的是，汉译英部分的做题时间只有5分钟，这就意味着考生必须对知识点掌握足够熟练，满足考题在速度上的要求。三模 拟 练 习Directions: Translate the Chinese in the brackets into English.1.（他到达三峡时）_ , we will have stayed here for two days.2. (据美国联邦政府说)_, residents of Hawaii have the longest life span : 77.2 years.3. With the development in science and technology_（人类能够使各种花朵提前绽放）.4. In recent years much more emphasis has been put_（培养学生的生产技能）.5. Purchasing the new production line will be_（有利可图的一笔交易）.6. She is determined to get a seat for the concert_（即使意味站着排一晚上的队）.7.(尽管他生于美国，长于美国)_,he can speak fluent Chinese.8. The Car Club couldnt guarantee_(满足所有会员的要求).9. Eating too much fat can contribute to _(心脏病和高血压)10. All the tasks _(都提前完成了)_, they decided to go on holiday for a week.11.The article calls for more attention to _(英语教学中文化导入问题).12. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen_(戴起来舒服极了)13. The words of his old teacher_(在他心里留下了深刻的印象)14. Between 1974 and 1997 , the number of overseas visitors_(增长了29%)15. Lushan Mountain is_(对游客有巨大吸引力的地方), drawing millions of visitors every year.16. I dont mind _(你推迟做决定),as long as it is not too late.17.No matter what difficulties we come across, we should be optimistic_(对我们的生活).18.In order to make the plan successfully, we have to_ (把所有的因素都考虑进去) .19.The little boy is very curious_(对他身边发生的一切).20.Every one here enjoys the same rights_(无论性别年龄社会地位|).21.She is always_(很挑剔)what her daughter-in-law has done.22.If you want to_(申请这个工作), you need to have a master degree.23.Before your graduation, you have to_(填写这些表). 24.His new idea made_(对学校的发展产生了很大的影响).25.Nowadays many people are very indifferent_(对社会上的犯罪行为).26.All the people on the spot are greatly_(羡慕她所取得的成就).27.She is a bad-tempered person who_(经常抱怨自己的父母). 28.His teachers once told him he ought to_(对生活持积极的态度). 29.When you drive a car,_(你再怎么小心都不过分).30. No matter what we do, we need to be_(对自己有信心). Keys to the translation exercises:1. By the time he arrives in Three Gorges2. According to the American federal government3. man can make various flowers