主动语态与被动语态.doc

l主动语态与被动语态一.概念:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二.被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去l 分词三.被动语态的时态:以为work 例:l1. 一般现在时: am / is/are+ workedl2. 一般过去时:l 3. 一般将来时: shall / will +be+ workedlwas / were+ worked4. 过去将来时:l should / would+ worked5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ workedl6.l 过去进行时: was /were+ being+ worked 7. 过去进行时: was/were +being +worked 8. 现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时: shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked12. 情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc.)+be+动词的过去分词四.l 用法： 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。l五. 方法： Many people speak English.(主动语态)l English is spoken by manyl people.（被动语态）六. 注意以下问题： A.l 带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for 用to的常 见 词有：give, show, send, lend, pass, pay, teach, throw, take, bring etc.用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save, buy, get, leave, cook etc.eg.l1. Mary gave him some books.l He was given some booksl by Mary. Some books were given to him by Mary.l2. Her fatherl bought her a new bike. She was bought a new bike by her father.ll A new bike was bought for her by her father.B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不可变为主语。leg. 1.l We call him Gina. He is called Gina (by us).l 2. They madel me happy. I was made happy( by them).l 3. He asked me to comel here.C. 在see, let, make, hear,l I was asked to come here (by him)l watch etc.动词之后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变为被动语态时，则一定要加上to。 eg.l1. We sawl them play football just now. They were seen to play football justl now.2. We often hear her sing in English. She is often heardl to sing in English.D.l 在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要丢掉介词/副词。eg.1. People often talkl about that film. That film is often talked about.l2. We shouldl speak to the old people politely. The old people should be spoken tol politely.E. 主动形式表示被动意义的词： 1）某些感官动词:l look, smell, taste ,l feel, wear ,sound, etc. 2）某些及物动词+副词：l wash, write, sell, read, open,l cut, shut, keep, etc.l 1. This coat feels soft.l 2. The penl writes smoothly. 3. That book sells well.l 4. This kind of shirtl washes easily.F. 只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，因为它不带宾语。leg.l happen What was happened? l What isl What has happened? l G. 若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变为被动语态时，应将其变为in+名词，作地点状语，而不变为by的宾语。lhappening? eg.l Our village opened a new school last year. A new school was opened inl our village last year.H. 若主动句的谓语动词是know变为被动语态时，应将其变为 be known to，而不能变为 bel known by。 eg. People all over the world know the Great Wall.l Thel Great Wall is known to people all over the world.I. 若主动句的主语是nobody, nol one等否定不定代词时，变为被动语态应将其anybody, anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否定的被动语态。 eg. Nobodyl can answer this question. This question can not be answered by anybody.l 一.句型转换 1. A large number of people speak French in Paris. Frenchl _ _ _a large number of people in Paris. 2. My cousin repaired the broken watch. The broken watch _ _ _my cousin.l3.l We should plant the trees around the lake. The trees _ _l _around the lake.4. My aunt gave me a present on myl birthday. I _ _a present by my aunt on my birthday.l Al present _ _ _me by my aunt on my birthday.初中英语被动语态专项练习( ) 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found ( ) 2 English _ in Canada. A.speaks B.are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken ( ) 3 This English song_ by the girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( ) 4 This kind of car _ in Japan. A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made( ) 5 New computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used( ) 6 Our room must _ clean. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep ( )7 -Id like to buy that coat. -Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold ( ) 8 A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building( ) 9 The key _ on the table when I leave. A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left( ) 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world.A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need( ) 11His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( ) 12 Japanese _ in every country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking( ) 13 These papers_yet. A. have not written B. have not been writtenC. has not written D. has not been written( ) 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt( ) 15 My shoes are worn out._ A. Cant they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it. C. How much do they cost? D. Cant they mended? ( ) 16 _ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are ( ) 17 _ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do( ) 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday? A. didnt a meeting hold B. wasnt a meeting held C. wasnt held a meeting D. a meeting wasnt held( ) 19 Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( ) 20 Where _ these boxes made? A. was B. were C. is D. am( ) 21 The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water( ) 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowedC. keep D. borrow ( )23 The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done ( ) 24 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean ( )25 These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to( ) 26 Thesestones_well. A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted ( )27 The bike _ 500 yuan. A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed ( ) 28 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had( ) 29 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( )30 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down( ) 31 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened( )32 The watch has often _ down.A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell( ) 33 Please pass me another cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken( )34 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing( )35What time _ the door _ every day? A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close( )36 Can he_himself? A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of( ) 37 He fell from his bike and _. A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt ( )38Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will_ A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn( )39 The apple_very sweet.A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting( )40You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at ( ) 41 What you said _. like a good idea. A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded( )42 -What do you think of the TV play? -Wonderful. It is worth_ a second time. A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing( )43.How dirty the tables are! They need_. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned( )44.The book is worth _. A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read( )45 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended( )46 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt( )47 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown ( )48 The old stone bridge _ next week. A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild( )49 Now these magazines_ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept( )50 The pot _ for _ hot water. A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep( )51 Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow( )55 The bridges_ two years ago. WO Its a Haidian top problem A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built ( ) 56 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung( ) 57The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing( )58 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled ( )59 Old people must be looked fter well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to ( )60Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well afterC. looked well after D. be looked after well( ) 61 Newly-born babies_in hospital. A. are taken good care B. are taken good care ofC. take good care of D. take good care( ) 62 They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens( ) 63 These walls_stone. A. are made of B. made of C. are made into D. made into( ) 64 Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said( ) 65 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown D. have shown( )66The coat_her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to( )67 I _ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given( ) 68 Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of初中英语总复习专项练习动词时态、语态I根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. It is a fine day. The sun _(shine) brightly.2. They _(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3. Mr Brown _(live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang _(teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths _( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We _(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he _(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isnt here. He _(chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon _(go) round the earth.10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _(not rain) this Sunday.11. Listen! They _(talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what _(happen) in China in 1976.13. My mobile phone _(steal) on a bus last week.14. The host _(interview) the little boy just now.15. The Greens _(watch) TV now.16. He said that he _(ring) me up when he got there.17. We _(learn) English for about three years.18. My brother_(join) the League in 1997.19. The farmers _(pick) apples when I saw them.20. The red skirt _(cost) the girl forty yuan.21. The film _(begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _(grow) up.23. My sister is a student and she _(study) at a middle school nearby.24. Mr Green _(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You _(catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. _you been_(wear) glasses all the time?27. Ill go home as soon as I _(finish) my homework.29. Most science books are _(write) in English.30. I _(stay) there for two months last year.II根据句意，选择填空。31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _. A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here32. -Hi, Kate. You look tired. Whats the matter? -I _ well last night. A. didnt sleep B. dont sleep C. havent slept D. wont sleep33. -Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? -Sorry, I _ that. A. didnt see B. dont see C. wont see D. cant see34. -Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. -My watch! Thank you. Where _it. A. do you find B. had you found C. were you finding D. did you find35. -Don you know when Dr White _ for dinner this evening? -No, but I think he _ when he is free. A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come36. Look at those black clouds. It _ rain. Lets hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to37. -Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. -Really? Where _ he _? A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go38. -Shall we go shopping now? -Sorry, I cant. I _ my shirts. A. wash B. washes C. washed C. am washing39. -I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer. -Oh, I am sorry. I _ dinner at my friends home. A. have B. had C. was having D. have had40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ thousands of visitors since 1995. A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract41. -_you _ your e-mails today? -Not yet. Theres something wrong with my computer. A. Have; checked B. Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; checking42. -How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? -Oh, I _ such a beautiful city before. A. dont visit B. didnt visit C. havent visited D. hadnt visited43. -Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup? -Sorry, I _ it to Mary. A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend44. -Mum, may I go out to play football? -_you _ your homework yet? A. Have; finished B. Do; finished C. Are; finishing D. Did; finish45. -The train is leaving right now, but David hasnt arrived yet. -Well, he said he _here on time. A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be46. -Why didnt you go to the cinema yesterday? -Because I _ the film before. A. had seen B. have seen C. have watched D. has watched47. I dont think John saw me. He _ a book at that moment. A. just read B. has just read C. was just reading D. had just read48. Mr Smith _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether he has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing49. Mr White _ the newspaper while his daughter _TV. A. has read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched50. - I _ you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didnt see51. The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held52. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began53. -May I speak to Mr Smith? -Sorry, he _ Australia. But he _ in two days. A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesnt come back54. I cant go to the theater tonight because I _ my ticket. A. have lost B. had lost C. will lose D. was losing55. -What a nice bike! How long _ you _ it? -Just two weeks. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having56. -Im sorry to have kept you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _ here only for a few minutes. A. have come B. had been C. was D. have been57. -_ my dictionary anywhere? - Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago. A. Did you see B. If you see C. Had you seen D. Would you see58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. will leave D. had left59. Mrs Smith _ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; would come D. had left; came60. -What did your son say in the letter? -He told me that he _ the Disneyland the next day. A. would visit B. has visit C. is going to visit D. will visit61. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served