高考英语句式句型学案.doc

高考英语句式句型学案（一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。（说明事实） The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）这里我们侧重讲述否定句一.概念 否定句指否定陈述句的句子.二.相关知识点精讲 1.用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be+not+ 例句：He is not back yet.It is not true.We havent forgotten you.You shouldnt be so silly.We havent been invited yet.He wont go, but they will.Money could not buy happiness.I like the salad, but I dont like this soup.He wants a girl friend, but he doesnt want to get married.You didnt understand what I said, did you ?You neednt try to explain.I didnt use to like opera, but now Im getting interested.I usednt to like opera, but now Im getting interested.2.祈使句的否定句：Dont+动词原形。例句：Dont worry. Ill look after you.Dont believe a word he says.Dont be so rude.3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。Its important not to worry.He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.He reproached me for not having told it to him. 4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：Come early, but not before six.Its working, but not properly.I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.not用在I hope; I believe; Im afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。Will it snow today ?I hope not.5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.Take that towel, I have no other.I can walk no farther.There is no knowing what will happen.6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：I can seldom find time for reading.Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.The rumor came from nowhere.None but fools have ever believed it.7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：I dont think shes at home, but Ill go and see.I dont imagine that hell enjoy it.8. 否定式疑问句： Doesnt she understand ?Havent you booked your holiday yet ?部分否定：注意部分否定的结构：Not all=AllnotNot both=BothnotNot every=EverynotI dont remember all the names.All is not gold that glitters.It is not found everywhere.Not everyone likes this film.9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意义：注意这些句型：cannottoo. / cannot more: 越就越好；再不过了。You cannot be too careful.A man can never have too many friends.三.巩固练习1. Such a sudden turn in the road is too difficult for the new driver, isnt it ?_. Hes dealt with all kinds of troublesome situations before.A. No, it isnt B. Yes, it isC. No, he isnt D. Yes, he is2. Arent you feeling tired ? _, I am rather.A. Yes B. No C. Not at all D. Never3. She isnt a dancing teacher, is she ?_.A. Yes, she isntB. No, she isC. Yes, she wasntD. No, but she was.4. Will you go shopping with us this afternoon ?_but Ive got quite a lot of homework to do.A. of courseB. Id like toC. Thats all rightD. No, I wont5. If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better._. They just expect us to listen.A. I believe not B. No problem C. Good ideaD. I cant agree more6. Did you enjoy the trip ?Im afraid not. And _.A. my classmates cant either.B. my classmates dont too.C. neither do my classmatesD. neither did my classmates7. Try to retell the story in your own words. _ afraid to make mistakes.A. Not to be B. Dont C. No beD. Dont be四.答案 AADBD DD2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句（W Questions; H Questions）： Where do you live?你住那儿？ How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？ d.反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：这里我们测重讲解反意疑问句1)陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 arent I.Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。I wish to have a word with you, may I?3)陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。The Swede made no answer, did he / she?Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4)含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语或 usednt +主语。He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7)陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you?Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8)陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9)陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。He must be a doctor, isnt he?You must have studied English for three years, havent you? / didnt you?He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。What colours, arent they?What a smell, isnt it?12)陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。I dont think he is bright, is he?We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。Everyone knows the answer, dont they?(does he?)Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。We need not do it again, need we ?He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?17)省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。Dont do that again, will you?Go with me, will you / wont you ?注意： Lets 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?Lets go and listen to the music, shall we?Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?18)陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。There is something wrong with your watch, isnt there?There will not be any trouble, will there?19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。It is impossible, isnt it?He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?20)must在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。 He must be there now, isnt he? It must be going to rain tomorrow, wont it? 快速记忆表陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分 I arent I？ Wishmay +主语？no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义rarely, little等否定含义的词ought to（肯定的） shouldnt/ oughtnt +主语 have to+v.(had to+v.)dont +主语(didnt +主语) used to didnt +主语或 usednt +主语 had better + v.hadnt youwould rather + v.wouldnt +主语youd like to + v. wouldnt +主语must 根据实际情况而定感叹句中 be +主语Neithernor,eitheror 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定并列主语 指示代词或不定代词everything,that,主语用itnothing,this 并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one复数they, 单数he 情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语？dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语？ 省去主语的祈使句 will you？Lets 开头的祈使句 Shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句Will you? there be相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式must表推测根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句注意：怎样回答反意疑问句？ Its very cold today, isnt it? 你该怎么回答呢？ 首先，我们来回顾一下怎样回答一般疑问句。Are you on-line now?(你在上网吗？)当然啦，你的回答应该是肯定的。否则就不会看到这篇文章了。回答应该是：Yes, I am. 你正在看电视吗？Are you watching TV now? 肯定没有啦，你就应该说：No, Im not.现在你可以总结出来，该怎么回答一般疑问句了吧？！对，就是根据实际情况回答，Yes, I do. 或者 No, I dont. 反意疑问句的回答法跟一般疑问句的回答方式完全一样。例如： She is good at English, isnt she? 回答可以是：Yes, she is. 或者No, she isnt. 注意，回答一定要和实际情况相符合，“是”就“是”，“不是”就“不是”。也就是说回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则，肯定的答案就用yes肯定结构；否定的答案就用no否定结构。答案要和实际情况相符。 那怎样回答There is a computer in your room, isnt there? 这个句子呢？你房间里确实有台电脑，那么回答就是：Yes, there is. 不过，我们现在只练习了一种反意疑问句，即：前一部分为肯定式，后一部分是否定式。 反意疑问句还有一种形式，就是：前一部分是否定式，后一部分是肯定式。There isnt a computer in your room, is there?“你的房间里没有电脑，对吗？”你该怎么回答呢？ 根据中国人的思维，反应在你脑海中的肯定是，“不对，我房间里有电脑。” 便顺口回答道：No, there is. 这样，可就大错特错了。因为你违背了 “事实求是”的原则：肯定的答案就用yes肯定结构；否定的答案就用no否定结构。所以刚刚那句话的回答应该是：Yes, there is. 总之，回答反意疑问句就得记住一点：实事求是。记住了？不管是做人还是回答反意疑问句都是一样的。OK. You dont have any questions, do you? 你怎么回答呢？希望是-No, I dont. 三.巩固练习1. Its a fine day, Lets go fishing, _?A. wont weB. will weC. dont weD. shall we2. Frank is working late again. This is the first time this week hes had to study late, _?A. isnt heB. hasnt itC. hasnt heD. isnt it3. Daddys forgot to post the letter again, _? Im afraid he _. A. has; hasB. isnt; isC. hasnt; hasD. has; hasnt4. Sorry, Im not feeling well and I dont think I can finish.Dont worry. Let us do it for you , _? A. will youB. shall weC. shant weD. shall you5. I dont think he could have done such a stupid thing last night, _?A. do IB. could heC. did heD. has he6. The ground is wet. It must have rained last night,_ ?A. hasnt itB. didnt itC. mustnt itD. isnt it7. Jenny doesnt think that Robert is honest, _? Im afraid not.A. is heB. isnt heC. does sheD. doesnt she8. The new windows need washing. Well, lets wash them together, _?A. shall weB. will youC. should weD. would you9. There is little we can do about it, _?A. is thereB. cant weC. isnt thereD. can we10. The problem wasnt difficult for him, was it ? _. He should have been given a more difficult one.A. No, it wasB. Yes, it wasC. Yes, it wasnt D. No, it wasnt四.答案 DDCAC BCAAD3） 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如：一.概念 祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。二.相关知识点精讲1.祈使句有三种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，（但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐这儿。 Do be careful. 务必小心。 否定结构：例如： Dont move. 不准动。 Dont be late. 不要迟到。2.以let开头的祈使句 Let 的反意疑问句： a. Lets 包括说话者。例如： Lets have another try, shall we / shant we? = Shall we have another try? 我们再试一次，如何？ b. Let us 不包括说话者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / wont you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你让我们再试一次，好吗？ 否定结构：例如： Lets not talk of that matter. 不要谈这件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要让我们谈这件事。 3.有主语的祈使句 2003年高考英语试卷上有这样一道单项填空题:-Sorry, Joe. I didnt mean to.-Dont call me Joe. Im Mr Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont-对不起,乔。我不是故意要-不要叫我乔,叫我帕克先生,你别忘记了。答语的后半句是一个祈使句,表示警告对方,要以dont开头,故正确答案是D。这道题的正确答案是D。该题主要考查有主语的祈使句的用法。我们知道,祈使句的主语通常就是说话的对方,即第二人称you,一般不表示出来,但在有些情况下,祈使句也可带主语。一、为了强调指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时。例如:You go with me. 你跟我去。You tell him what I said. 你把我说的话告诉他。You take that seat. 你坐在那个座位上。二、表达气愤;不满;厌烦;急躁等情绪时。例如:You get out of here!你给我滚出这儿!You mind your own business!你少管闲事!You take your hands off me!你把手拿开,别碰我!三、表示对照或区别不同的说话对象时。例如:Helen, you clean the window, and Paul, you sweep the floor. 海伦,你擦窗子;保罗,你扫地。You come here, Jack, and you go there, Mary. 杰克你到这边来,玛丽你到那边去。You ask the first question and I ask the second one. 你问第一个问题,我问第二个问题。四、当祈使句中有in, out, away, up, off等作状语的副词,强调这些状语而把它们置于句首时。例如:Out you come!你出来!Away you go!你走吧!Up you stand!你站起来!五、祈使句以dont开头,表示关照或警告对方时。例如:Dont you be late again. 你别再迟到了。Dont you ever forget this lesson! 你一定不要忘记了这次教训!六、祈使句的主语也可以是第三人称。例如:Everybody stand up!大家都站起来!Jack stand there. 杰克站到那边去。Someone open the door. 谁去把门打开。4） 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is!多好的消息啊！感叹句一.概念 感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情二. 相关知识点精讲1.How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！2.How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛头真可爱！3.What +名词+陈述语序。例如：What noise they are making! 他们真吵！4.What +a+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子！5.What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我们的主意真棒！6.What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！7.What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为：What a clever boy! 典型例题1）_ food youve cooked!A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词；what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)2）_terrible weather weve been having these days!A. What B. What aC. How D. How a答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。3) - _ I had!- You really suffered a lot.A. What a timeB. What time C. How a time D. how time答案A.感叹句分两类：1：What + n.+主谓部分2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1） 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。(主) (谓)2） 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite.(主) (谓) (主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。简单句和并列句一.概念(一)简单句由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句，其结构是主语+ 谓语。(二)并列句由并列连词把两个或两个以上的互相关连而又互相独立的独句(即简单句)连在一起而构成的句子叫并列句。其结构是：简单句+并列连词+简单句常用的连词有and,but,or not only.but also,neither.nor,either.or 二.相关知识点精讲(一)简单句 五种基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1）主 + 动（SV）例如：I work.我工作。2）主 + 动 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy.约翰忙。3）主 + 动 + 宾（SVO）例如：She studies English.她学英语。4）主 + 动 + 宾 + 补（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的。5）主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress.我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。(二)并列句 并列句分为:联合并列句,转折并列句,选择并列句和因果并列句联合并列句常由并列词and, not onlybut also.等连接如: Use your hand, and youll find a way.转折并列句常由并列连词but, while, yet, whereas, nevertheless等连接如:I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.选择疑问句常由并列连词or, otherwise, eitheror,等连接如:Either you leave this house or Ill call the police因果并列句由并列连词so, for, therefore 等连接.如: it was late, so we went home.在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.如: Hurry up, and well be there in time.= If we hurry up, well be there in time.because和so; although, though和but 不能连用三.巩固练习1. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,? A. do I B. dont I C. will they D. wont they 2. help if you can,and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 3. Lucy,you wash the dishes, ? Mom,cant Lily do it? Its her turn to do it. A. dont you B. can you C. shall you D. will you4. I will not take an umbrella with me today. it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 5. You ought to stay up late tonight, you? Yes. Ive got too much homework. A. cant B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. wont6. Nothing can stop us from serving the people heart and soul,? A. can it B. cant it C. can they D. cant they7. There used to be a church in the small town,? A. used thereB. usednt there C. used it D. usednt it8. She isnt your neighbour, is she? . A. Yes,she isntB. No,she is C. Yes,she is D. No,isnt she9. to be a PLA soldier when I was young. And now you are. A. How I wantedB. How did I want C. What I wanted D. What did I want10. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,was very reasonable. A. which priceB. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 11. After ten years,she changed a lot and looked different fromshe used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who12. is known to everyone,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 13. Hes got himself into a dangerous situationhe is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where B. which C. while D. why14. Information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 15. What the doctors really doubt ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 16. The students of the music school study . A. music but also some other subjects B. some other subjects as well as music C. music as well as some other subjects D. some other subjects and music17. air is to man,so is water to fish. A. Since B. Just C. Like D. As 18. There is plenty of rain in the south there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so 19. several times about it,but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being askedB. Having been asked C. He would ask D. He had been asked 20. I dont like chicken fish. I dont like chicken,I like fish very much. A. and； and B. and； but C. or； but D. or； and21. th