2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions讲义新人教版选修8.docx

Unit 3Inventors and inventions一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1patent n专利证书；专利权2courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木4powder n. 粉末；火药5perfume n. 香水；香味 第二屏听写6version n 版本；译本7extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸8triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体9criterion n(pl.criteria) (评判的)标准；尺度10string n. 线；绳子；一串11glue n. 胶；胶水vt. 粘贴；粘合 第三屏听写12greengrocer n蔬菜水果商(pl.) 蔬菜水果店13refrigerator n. 冰箱14jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱15microphone n. 麦克风；话筒16multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数 第四屏听写17dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的18personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员19helicopter n. 直升飞机20cube n. 立方体；立方21cubic adj. 立方的 .高频词汇(汉译英)第五屏听写1distinguishvi.&vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别2merciful_ adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的3productn. 产品4abruptadj. 突然的；意外的5abruptlyadv. 突然地；唐突地 第六屏听写6convenientadj. 便利的；方便的；就近的7cautionn. 小心；谨慎8expectationn. 预料；期待；期望9passiveadj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的10merryadj. 愉快的；高兴的 第七屏听写11merrilyadv.高兴地；愉快地12seizevt. 抓住；捉住；夺13recognitionn. 认出；认可；承认14claimn&vt. 要求；声称；主张15filen. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将归档 第八屏听写16competencen 能力；胜任；本领17validadj. 有效的；确凿的18ripeadj. 熟的；成熟的19freezingadj. 冰冻的；严寒的20identificationn. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明 第九屏听写21dialvt.拨(电话)22rainfall_ n. 降雨23innocentadj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的24bearvt. 忍受；忍耐；负担25foreheadn. 额头26occasionallyadv. 偶然地；不时地 第十屏听写27tapvt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲n. 轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头28currentn. (水或气)流；电流adj. 现在的；当前的29stableadj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的30invaluableadj. 无价的；极宝贵的31associatevt. 联想；联系n. 同伴；伙伴 第十一屏听写32practical_ adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的33directoryn. 电话簿；商行名录34dive_into迅速把手伸入；一心投入35set_out_(to_do)_ 开始(做)36call_up给打电话37now_and_then偶尔；有时38set_about开始；着手 第十二屏听写39hang_on_不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住40out_of_order_ 次序颠倒；发生故障41get_through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过42ring_back回复电话43ring_off_ 挂断电话 二、单元核心考点初热身提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高识记单词写对.知其意(英译汉)1.patent n专利证书；专利权2.courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井3.perfume n. 香水；香味4.cube n. 立方体；立方5.cubic adj. 立方的6.string n. 线；绳子；一串7.greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商；蔬菜水果店8.jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱9.microphone n. 麦克风；话筒10.dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的11.personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员12.multiple adj.多种的；多样的；多类型的n. 倍数13.extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸.写其形(汉译英)1.foreheadn. 额头2.validadj. 有效的；确凿的3.ripeadj. 成熟的；熟的4.passiveadj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的5.invaluableadj. 无价的；极宝贵的6.directoryn. 电话簿；商行名录7.rainfalln. 降雨核心单词练通1.I seized (抓住) the opportunity to practise my spoken English while working in England.2.You need special software to view the information in the_file(s) (文件)3.Nowadays many old people have to bear (忍受) miserable loneliness after their sons or daughters leave home for work.4.The suspect tapped (轻敲) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.5.We believe that only a stable (稳定的) and fully confident middle class will guarantee the stability and prosperity of Hong Kong.6.The news on smartphones saves people much time reading through newspapers for current (当前的) affairs.7I dialed (拨打) 120 and waited there until the injured lady was taken to hospital.8.Twentyfive percent of the students claimed (声称) that it is the family genes that are to blame.9.The abrupt (突然的) change of the climate has drawn worldwide attention to the benefit of green energy.10.You could hear them singing and dancing merrily (高兴地) out in the street.拓展单词用活记全记牢1.distinguish vi.&vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguishedadj.著名的；卓越的；杰出的2.merciful adj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的mercilessadj.残忍的；无情的mercyn宽恕；仁慈3.product n产品producev生产producern生产者；制片人4.convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的conveniencen方便；便利convenientlyadv.便利地5.caution n小心；谨慎cautiousadj.小心的；谨慎的cautiouslyadv.小心地；谨慎地6.expectation n预料；期待；期望expectv预料；期待；期望；认为7.recognition n认出；认可；承认recognizevt.认出；识别；承认8.freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的freezev冰冻frozenadj.冻结的9.identification n鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identityn身份；同一性identicaladj.同一的；完全相同的identifyv确定；鉴别10.innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的innocencen天真；清白11.occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地occasionaladj.偶然的occasionn时机；机会；场合12.associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴；伙伴associationn联系；联盟；协会13.practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的practicen实践；练习 v练习；训练14.competence n能力；胜任；本领competentadj.能胜任的；称职的；有能力的用准用活1.Children are innocent,_as a future teacher I have a childlike_innocence and I will really love them. (innocent)2.He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution.You should get on with him cautiously.(caution)3.You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience. His house is conveniently near the bus stop. (convenient)4.In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isnt any association between them. (associate)5.He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesnt like.(mercy) 6.The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out. (expect)7.It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets. (freeze)8.This is my occasional_visit to the theme park, in which I occasionally meet the cartoon characters I like most. (occasion)9.Although there are many practical difficulties in learning oral English, you must keep practicing speaking every day. (practice)1.后缀ive形容词集锦active主动的passive 被动的positive 积极的negative 消极的subjective 主观的objective 客观的2.紧紧“抓住”不放松seize抓住；捉住catch 抓住；接住grasp 抓住；掌握clutch 抓住；紧握capture 抓住；俘获grapple 抓住；格斗3.含fore前缀的单词面面观forehead n额头forearm n. 前臂forecast vt. 预报foresee vt. 预见；预知foreword n. 前言foretell v. 预言；预示(二)语段串记短语不枯燥兴趣高先 写 对再 用 准第一组1.call_up给打电话；使想起2.now_and_then 偶尔；有时3.dive_into 一心投入；迅速把手伸入4.ring_off 挂断电话5.hang_on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 Xiao Ming always dreams of inventing a new mobile phone that doesnt do harm to peoples eyes. He dives_into his dreaming inventions after school every day. Now_and_then he calls_up his science teacher to consult some questions. His teacher never rings_off until Xiao Ming gets a satisfying answer.第二组1.set_about开始；着手2.set_out_(to_do) 开始(做)3.out_of_order 次序颠倒；发生故障4.get_through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过5.ring_back 回复电话Last year, Xiao Ming set_about designing his new mobile phone after he figured out all the puzzling problems. He did get_through a lot of pains during his work. To his pain, the phone he is using now is often out_of_order,_especially when he rings others back. How he hopes to invent his new phone earlier！1.“o”短语荟萃dive into一心投入burst into 突然闯入run into 撞上look into 调查knock into 撞上break into 破门而入2.“偶尔；有时”词汇全接触now and then偶尔；有时now and again 有时；时而from time to time 有时；偶尔at times 偶尔；有时once in a while 偶尔；有时on occasion 偶尔；有时3.“动词back”短语一览take back拿回；撤销bring back 带回；使恢复look back 回顾date back 追溯到keep back 隐瞒；忍住hold back 控制住(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes when cooled. 在碗的内壁和外壁之间有些胶状物，冷却后会冻结。“连词过去分词”省略结构。一旦曝光，胶卷就会被损坏而不能用了。Once_exposed_to_light,_the film will be damaged and get useless.2.The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (评定)专利标准是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。so .that .引导结果状语从句。我的英语口语很出色以至于多次在英语口语大赛中获奖。(20186月浙江高考写作)My spoken English is so_excellent_that I have won many awards in the Spoken English Competition for several times.3.Follow it up, explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。祈使句and陈述句。好好学习，天天向上。Study_hard_and_you_will_make_progress_ every day.考点新组合阅读微技能To be a true inventorCan you distinguish discovery and invention? A discovery is said to be an accident meeting a prepared mind _ invention is something one finds that did not exist before.As we know, inventors often associate their new ideas _ their new inventions.Comeon, and you can also invent your new things just like Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Edison.1.处可填入的词为while，表示前后对比，意为“而”。2处可填入的词为with;_它与associate 构成的短语可以用connect . with .; link .to .等来替换。3处的句式结构为“祈使句and陈述句”。1distinguish vt.& vi.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别 (1)distinguish between A and B区分A和Bdistinguish . from . 把与区分开来distinguish oneself as 作为而出名(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的be distinguished for . 因而出名be distinguished as . 作为而出名题点全练单句语法填空Its important to distinguish reality from dreams.Reading good books can not only enrich our minds but also teach us to distinguish between right and wrong.As we know, Lang Lang has already distinguished himself as a talented pianist in the world.On the other hand, Shanghai Museum, a wellknown and distinguished (distinguish) museum at home and abroad, is more professional in holding painting exhibitions.We all know that Yuan Longping is distinguished for his scientific achievements.2associate vt.联想；联系 n同伴，伙伴(1)associate .with .使与联系起来associate with sb. 与某人交往/联系be associated with 与有关(2)association n. 联系；联盟；协会in association with 与联合/有关联多角练透单句语法填空If you associate with positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success.There are many serious health problems associated (associate) with smoking.补全句子We are working in_association_with a local company to raise money for the homeless.我们正与一家当地公司联合为无家可归的人筹钱。3“祈使句and陈述句”句式Follow_it_up,_explore_all_around_it,_and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。 (1)祈使句and陈述句If .，主句(2)祈使句or/or else/otherwise陈述句If . not .，主句(3)名词词组and陈述句Follow_your_doctors_advice,_and you will get better soon.接受医生的建议，你很快就会好的。Dont leave your car here, or_you_will_be_fined.不要把你的车放在这里，否则你会被罚款的。A_few_minutes_earlier,_and I could have seen the famous scientist.要是早来几分钟的话，我就能见到那位著名科学家了。考点新组合阅读微技能To be a true inventorIf you cant bear the inconvenience that something brings to you, you can get yourself through the difficulties and invent something more convenient. More importantly, dont forget to call the patent office up before you apply for the patent. A patent is an exclusive right granted by the government and can protect the inventors interests. In this sense, you are a true inventor.1.处单词bear的意思是“忍受”，它的同义表达还有：stand;_tolerate;_put_up_with等。2What should you do first if you invent something？(D)ABear the inconvenience brought by the old things.BGet yourself through the difficulties.CInvent something more convenient.DApply to the patent office for the patent.4bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；承担；记住；生育；结果实 练牢基点写出下列句中bear的含义Why do I have to bear all the costs of repair？负担；承担He cant bear being laughed at in public.忍受She did bear a healthy baby in hospital yesterday.生育Some of the newlyplanted apple trees have also begun to bear.结果实系统考点(1)bear doing/to do sth.忍受做某事bear sb./sb.s doing sth. 忍受某人做某事(2)bear/keep sth. in mind 记住某事bear/keep in mind that . 记住练通重点单句语法填空I cant bear young people casting_(cast) away their youth.Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.5get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽 一词多义写出下列句中get through的含义My new secretary is very quick. She got through a lot of work in one morning. 设法做完I couldnt get through to him because his telephone was out of order now and then. 打通电话Luckily, the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through. 通过The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用完归纳拓展get (sth.) across (to sb.)(使某事)被(某人)理解get along with sb. 与某人相处；进展get away with sth. 携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get down to (doing) sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事get over 熬过；克服(困难)According to Lee, it was Bens carelessness that accounted for the accident. But Ben got_away_with his wrong doing.根据Lee所说的，正是Ben的粗心才导致了那场事故。但是，Ben侥幸逃脱了罪责。6call up给打电话；使想起 归纳拓展call off取消；停止进行call for要求；呼吁；需要call at拜访(某地)call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召；需求应用领悟The photo calls up many good memories of my childhood. 这张照片唤起我童年时代的许多美好回忆。Dont let anything call off your attention from your studies. 不要让别的事转移你学习的注意力。Success in school calls for much hard work.在学校的成功需要付出大量的辛勤工作。单元语基落实.单句语法填空1The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) between right and wrong.2Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.3We all have an expectation_(expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.4If we are blind to our own faults, we will not be very merciful_(mercy) towards others.5We will visit you this weekend if it is convenient_(convenience) for you.6The service offers young people practical (practice) advice on finding a job.7The exhibition was organized by the school in association (associate) with local artists.8The blind man tapped (tap) his cane on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket.9The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter.10In my opinion, only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.选词填空out of order， hang on， get through， ring off， now and then， dive into， set about， call up1I know you are tired, but try to hang_on a minute. 2When I asked if I was speaking to the manager he simply rang_off.3A lot of people dived_into the lake in search of the lost diamond ring.4As soon as she got into the classroom, she set_about_preparing for the lessons.5We were very glad when we heard that you had got_through your exam.6I checked the files and some of the papers were out_of_order. You had better sort them out.7The students go to visit their English teacher now_and_then who retired from school last year.8As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called_up scenes of my childhood.根据提示词和相关要求补全(或翻译)句子1课堂上认真听老师讲课，否则你就无法理解老师说的是什么。(祈使句or陈述句)Listen_to_the_teacher_carefully_in_class,_or_you_cant_catch what he is saying.2白求恩大夫挽救了那么多中国士兵的生命，以至于他被中国人永远地记住了。(so .that .)Doctor Bethune_saved_so_many_Chinese_soldiers_lives_that_he_was_remembered_by Chinese forever.3. 除非加以修改，否则这条法律将给农民的生活造成困难。(连词分词)Unless_changed,_this law will make life difficult for farmers.4对他来说这个世界上似乎没有什么是不可能的事情。(there seem .)There_seems_to_be_nothing_impossible_for_him_in_the_world.5只有所有国家的人们联合起来，我们才能解决世界上现存的一些问题。(only位于句首的倒装句)Only_if_people_of_all_the_countries_are_united_will_we_be_able_to_solve/can_we_solve some existing problems in the world.句型转换1We all know that Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.We all know that Hangzhou is_distinguished_for the West Lake.2But when he set out to do it, he came to a sudden awareness that nothing is so easy.But when he set_about_doing_it,_he came to a sudden awareness that nothing is so easy.3Please learn by heart: Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.Please bear_in_mind:_Success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.4The sound of music reminded him of his happy memories of his childhood.The sound of music called_up his happy memories of his childhood.高考拆组训练练(一)语言运用组块专练练准度(限时：25分钟).完形填空It was still raining. The shop assistant was ready to _1_. “No, please dont，” Tammy _2_. “Im lost and I have nowhere to go.” She had _3_ her mind to stay where she was because she was sure that her mom would be back to get her._4_， she had been here for so long and why no one had come. She thought it for the hundredth time.In the distance she heard a vehicle engine _5_ hoped it was her mom or dad in their car. She was _6_ when she saw that it was a school bus filled with kids. Her eyes were fixed on the bus. Her brain got busy wondering if she should _7_ the bus and if she did so, then how _8_ would help her, because she didnt know where she _9_. Suddenly she saw a huge _10_ monster in the bus. She was really _11_ and began to run. Then the school bus was chasing after her.“Tammy！” a soft _12_ voice called and someone _13_ touched her shoulder.“Mom！” Tammy said in _14_， tears of joy rolling down her face.“Were you having a bad _15_， honey？” she heard her darling mom ask.“Yes, Mom，” she said _16_. “I was lost and being chased by a school bus and a huge green monster！”Her mother laughed _17_ and hugged Tammy closely. “You poor dear！” she said. “Dreams can _18_ seem so real, right？” Tammy _19_ her head in agreement and snuggled (依偎) closer. “But youre safe and warm at home！” Tammy sighed in_20_.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Tammy迷路了，在商店避雨，这时一辆校车驶来，她正在琢磨是否要使校车停下，突然她看到校车里有一头绿色巨兽这时妈妈叫醒了她，原来是一场梦，她松了一口气。1A.arriveBshowCleaveDcome解析：选C根据下文中的“No, please dont”和“Im lost and I have nowhere to go.”可知，Tammy迷路了，无处可去，她希望店员不要离开(leave)，故C项正确。2A.thoughtBworriedChesitatedDlaughed解析：选A根据上句可知，店员要离开；结合“No, please dont”可知，该句是Tammy心里想的内容。A项意为“想”，符合语境，故A项正确。3A.relied