2020版高考英语一轮复习Unit14Careers讲义北师大版必修5.docx

Unit 14 Careers(一)课前自主学习.阅读单词知其意1insurance n保险2bonus n. 额外津贴，奖金3fee n. 服务费，学费4income n. 收入5wage n. 薪金，工资6institute n. 机构；学院7chemist n. 化学家8nursery n. 托儿所，保育室9mankind n. 人类10battle n. 战役，战斗11grain n. 纵联1 谷物，谷粒12steep adj. 陡峭的，险峻的13childhood n. 童年，儿童时代14multiply v. 纵联2 大量增加；乘15continent n纵联3 大陆，洲16dynamic adj. 精力充沛的.重点单词写其形1decrease v. 减少，降低2reward n. 奖赏3charge vt. 收费，要价n. 负责4consult vt. 查阅；请教5bother vt. 烦扰；打扰6casual_ adj. 随意的，非正式的7overcome vt. 克服，战胜8stage n. 舞台；阶段，时期9universe n. 宇宙10panic v. 恐慌，惊惶11grasp vt. 理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧12._envy vt. 妒忌，羡慕13branch n. 分支，部门14junior adj. 低级的15topic n. 题目，话题16bend v. 弯腰，倾身17aid n. 纵联4 援助，帮助18existence n. 生活；存在19quarrel vi. 吵架，争吵20wisdom n. 智慧21judgement n. 判断，判断力.拓展单词通其变1commit vt.投入committed adj.尽责的commitment n承诺；保证2appointment n约见，约会；任命，委派appoint vt.任命，指派；预约，安排3constantly adv.不断地constant adj.不断的；不变的4illegal adj.不合法的，违法的legal adj.合法的5instant n片刻，瞬息 adj.瞬间的，立即的，紧急的instantly adv.即刻地，马上地instance n例子；事例；情况6surrounding adj.附近的，周围的surround v包围，围绕surroundings n环境7inspect v审查inspection n检查，视察inspector n检查员，视察员8hesitate v犹豫，踌躇hesitation n犹豫，踌躇9comfort n& vt.(使)安慰，舒适comfortable adj.安慰的，舒适的10operate vi.运转，运作；做手术 vt.操作operation n操作，手术operator n操作员；接线员11respond vi.回复，回答；反应response n回复，响应，反应，回答纵联1.“谷物”相关词汇清单corn玉米 wheat小麦rice大米 soybean大豆millet小米 grain谷物，谷粒纵联2.“数学运算”大团圆add vi.加；加起来 minus prep.减，减去multiply v乘 divide vt.除 square n平方 cube n. 立方plus prep.加，加上纵联3.说说“七大洲(continent)”Asia亚洲 Europe欧洲North America北美洲 South America南美洲Africa非洲 Oceania大洋洲Antarctica南极洲纵联4.“帮助”家族aid helpassist assistancesupport sponsorfund单元话题职业与工作子话题1职业occupation n职业 journalist n记者barber n理发师 interviewer n面试官accountant n会计(师) engineer n工程师；技师secretary n秘书 author n作者，作家assistant n助手，助理 physician n内科医生receptionist n接待员 dentist n牙科医生physicist n物理学家 tailor n裁缝子话题2工作dismiss vt.解雇 experience n经验；经历employ vt.雇用 recommend vt.推荐position n位置；职位 candidate n候选人applicant n申请人 employee n雇员employer n雇主 interview vt.面试学考对接活学活用高考采撷(一)阅读中的词汇应用1(2014天津高考阅读A) (locate) on the top floor of Douglas Hall, the Wellness Centre is committed to physical, emotional and social health. A doctor and nurse is available if you have health questions or need immediate medical help or personal advice. The cost of this is included in your medical insurance. Hours are Monday to Friday, 9 am to noon and 1：00 to 4：30 pm.用所给词的适当形式填空：Located写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：instant写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：保险2(2011浙江高考阅读C)“Many people do not like talking to machines，” says Dr. Storey, Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them. The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust them the sort of comfortable feelings people have during facetoface chats with their local branch manager.”写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：junior写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：comfort写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：部门高考采撷(二)写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1(2017全国卷书面表达)我希望你能抓住这个机会来进一步了解中国的传统文化。(grasp)I_wish_that_you_could_grasp_this_opportunity_to_learn_traditional_Chinese_culture_further.2(2017江苏高考书面表达)这种现象背后的原因是多方面的。2016年之前经济的快速发展可能是推动票房收入持续增长最强有力的驱动力。(constant, income)The_reasons_behind_this_are_various._The_fast_economic_development_before_2016_was_probably_the_most_powerful_engine_driving_the_constant_growth_in_the_boxoffice_income. (二)课堂重点释疑1reward n奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬记牢(1)in reward for . 作为报酬；作为对的报答as a reward (for .) 作为(对的)报酬/奖赏give/offer sb.a reward for sth. 因为某事而给某人报酬(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而奖赏某人，因为(做)某事给某人报酬reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人(3)rewarding adj. 有报酬的，报答的练通单句语法填空(2018北京高考)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding (reward) experience.As a reward for passing the driving test, he treated himself in the restaurant.The school rewarded him with a prize for excellence in his studies.May I give you a reward for your helping with my English?He received high praise in reward for his caring about the old.一句多译我送给他一块手表来答谢他的帮助。I_gave_him_a_watch_in_reward_for_his_help.(reward n)As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I_gave_him_a_watch.(reward n)I_rewarded_him_with_a_watch_for_his_help.(reward v)用准reward多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb.for (doing) sth.；award意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配：award sb.sth.award sth.to sb.写美(2015四川高考书面表达)你提到你可以教我英语作为回报，这正是我想要的。You_mentioned_that_you_could_teach_me_English_as_a_reward,_which_is_exactly_what_I_want.2charge vt.收费，要价；指控，控告；充电n.主管，掌管，负责；费用辨清写出下列句中charge的词性和含义It looks as if they are going to charge us a lot of money for the concert hall. v要价，收费The shaver can be charged and used while travelling. v.充电Li Hua was charged with breaking into a supermarket. v控告，指控We have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge. n.费用Since the manager left his position, she has been in charge of the company. n.主管，掌管记牢(1)charge sb. for sth. 为某物向某人收取费用charge sb. with . 指控某人(2)in charge of 主管，掌管/管理free of chargefor free 免费in/under the charge of sb. 在某人的掌管之下，由某人 负责take charge of 管理，负责练通单句语法填空The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding and fined him $50.As long as youve paid in advance, we wont charge you for delivery.句型转换Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away.The company is in/under the charge of Tom while the boss is away.Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.完成句子With the ticket, you may get a French fries_free_of_charge_in KFC.凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。The man who had_taken_charge_of the company was_charged_with taking drugs.曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。用准in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”； in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人主管”。类似的还有：in control of“控制”，in the control of“由控制”；in possession of“拥有”，in the possession of“被拥有”。写美(2014全国卷书面表达)我想知道这个为期六周的课程您向我收费多少。I_wonder_how_much_you_will_charge_me_for_the_sixweek_course.3consult vt.请教；查阅记牢(1)consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事；就某事与某人磋商/交换意见consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量某事consult a dictionary 查字典(2)consultant n. 顾问练通单句语法填空She consulted with her parents about the way to do the matter.He felt quite honored to become the Presidents consultant (consult) on economic affairs.He often goes to my office to consult me about the method of learning English.完成句子When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult_a_dictionary.当拿不准词义时，查查词典。Parents can_consult_the_teachers_about their children.家长可以向老师询问孩子们的情况。用准consult作“查阅”讲时，相当于refer to或turn to，后面接要查询的工具书；look up也有“查阅”之意，但它后面需接要查询的问题或内容。写美(2012山东高考书面表达)我建议你经常去办公室向老师请教关于学习英语的方法。I_suggest_you_should_often_go_to_the_office_to_consult_your_teacher_about_the_method_of_learning_English.4commit vt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误、罪行等)记牢(1)commit sb. to (doing) sth.使某人承诺(做)某事commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；投入于commit sth. to sth.调拨，拨出供使用commit suicide/a crime/a murder自杀/犯罪/谋杀(2)commitment n. 承诺；保证；承担义务；奉献make a commitment/promise 作出承诺练通单句语法填空The contract commits him to playing (play) for the team for the next three years.Giving up my job to go back to fulltime education was a big commitment (commit), but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.She didnt want to commit herself (she) to that matter.完成句子I felt I did not have to make_such_a_commitment to them.我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。She tried to commit_suicide,_but we saved her life by chance.她试图自杀，但我们碰巧救了她。用准在短语commit sb./oneself to中，to为介词，其后须跟名词、代词或动名词。写美(2015陕西高考书面表达)我专心致志学习英语，有良好的英语知识，因此被选为英语课代表。I_commit_myself_to_learning_English_and_have_a_good_command_of_English,_so_I_am_elected_as_assistant_of_my_English_teacher.5hesitate v犹豫，踌躇；不愿意；有顾虑记牢(1)hesitate to do sth. 不愿意做某事，对做某事有顾虑hesitate about/over (doing) sth.对(做)某事犹豫不决(2)hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫without hesitation 毫不犹豫地have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事练通单句语法填空We are at your service. Dont hesitate to_turn (turn) to us if you have any further requests.After some hesitation (hesitate), the manager decided to go on the discussion.I hesitate about/over taking his side until I know the whole story.一句多译他毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水中去救那个溺水的女孩。He didnt_hesitate_to_jump into the icy water to save the drowning girl.(hesitate v)He had_no_hesitation_in_jumping into the icy water to save the drowning girl.(hesitation n)He jumped into the icy water to save the drowning girl_without_hesitation.(hesitation n)写美(2016北京高考书面表达)如果你想了解更多的中国历史，不要犹豫直接来问我。If_you_want_to_know_more_about_Chinese_history,_dont_hesitate_to_ask_me_directly.6decrease v& n减少，降低记牢(1)decrease in .在(方面)降低/减少decrease to/by . 减少到/减少了decrease from .to . 从减少/降低到(2)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加练通单句语法填空There has been some decrease in traffic accidents this year.In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on the decrease.After taking the medicine, his temperature decreased from 38 to 36.8.单句改错Five years ago the population of the village was 2, 000.Now its 1,500. It means that it has decreased to 25%.tobyThe number of teaching staff members in this school has decreased by 700 persons so far.byto根据汉语提示完成下面小片段In this area, there is a decrease_in (在方面减少) population. It has decreased_from 10 million to (从减少到) 9 million in the last three years. That is to say, the population has decreased_by (减少了) 10%, and the number of the people will be on_the_decrease (在减少) in the future. 用准decrease to/by . 表示“减少到/减少了”。类似的动词还有increase, reduce, decline, drop等。写美(2015江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.7operate vi.运转，运作；做手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营辨清写出下列句中operate 的含义People were trapped between floors because the lift didnt operate properly. 运转The new drug began to operate not long after it was taken. 起作用Young as he is, he operates the company very well. 经营No matter which machine he operates, he will do with it carefully. 操作If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldnt have died. 做手术记牢(1)operate ongive/perform an operation on给做手术(2)operation n. 运作；经营；手术bring/put .into operation 使运作/转；实施come/go into operation 实施，开始生效in operation 在运行/转中，起作用练通单句语法填空When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.Having seen the Xray, the doctor decided to operate_on the patient.To our surprise, the operation (operate) on her heart lasted three hours.完成句子The new regulations will_come/go_into_operation next Sunday.新的规章将于下周日起生效。Its reported that the local government will bring/put_the_new_law_into_operation next month.据报道，当地政府将于下个月实施这项新的法律。写美(2014湖南高考书面表达)当搜索一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。When_searching_for_some_information,_we_can_operate_by_touching_the_screen.8respond vi.反应；回复，回答记牢(1)respond to回答，对作出反应(2)response n. 回答；反应；响应make a/no response to . 对给予/没有回答in response (to) 作为(对的)回应练通单句语法填空I reminded him of the appointment, but he didnt make any response (respond)Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce already made a response to this issue yesterday.一句多译他对我的建议未做出回应，这让我感到很失望。He made_no_response_to_my_suggestion,_which made me very disappointed. (response)He didnt_respond_to_my_suggestion,_which made me very disappointed. (respond)写美(2011江苏高考书面表达)作为回应，这位母亲跪了下来表达此时她是多么地幸福和欣慰。In_response,_the_mom_kneels_down_to_show_how_happy_and_thankful_she_feels.9bother vt.烦扰，打扰；使恼怒；使不安vi.烦恼，担心；麻烦，费心n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人记牢(1)bother sb. with/about sth.因某事麻烦(打扰)某人bother about sth. 为某事费心，为某事烦恼bother to do/doing sth. 费/操心做某事It bothers/bothered sb. that . 使某人烦恼/担心的是(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱练通单句语法填空You dont bother to_get/getting (get) dinner for me today. Ill eat out.Dont bother your deskmate about/with the math problem. Try to work it out by yourself.It bothers me that I havent told him the truth.完成句子It_bothers_me_that_he always bothers_me_with boring questions. I dont want to_bother_to_answer_these questions.令我烦恼的是他总是问些无聊的问题烦我。我不想费神回答这些问题。I dont want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。用准bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。写美(2016江苏高考书面表达)让许多人苦恼的是，他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。It_bothers_many_people_that_they_have_to_vote_for_their_acquaintances_and_friends. 词汇过关综合训练.单词拼写1The big fire panicked (使恐慌) people into running out of the building.2The baby has reached the stage (阶段) where he can stand up.3To tell you the truth, I envy (羡慕) you having such a close family.4Its illegal (不合法的) to read peoples private letters without permission.5To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted (咨询) Professor Russell several times.6Since well cycle there and work in the field, youd better wear casual (非正式的) clothes and comfortable (舒适的) shoes.7Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased (减少)8They will live longer, work smarter and even have a greater understanding of nature and the universe (宇宙)9Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear; overcome (克服，战胜) it, and we will be able to achieve our goals.10The bus is designed to operate (运转) in all weather conditions.11The ABC bank has many branches (分行) all over the country.12Try to grasp (理解) what the writer is going to tell you in the book as a whole.单句语法填空1They didnt hesitate to_give (give) their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime.2Before we can accept the firms offer we must consult with the workers.3They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.4One should not be bothered about/with ones personal gains or losses.5In response (respond) to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures.6The owner of the house charge us for fixture and fittings.7We have no idea when the housing prices decrease to the level we can afford.8In the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)9She got into a panic when she couldnt find the tickets.10I have an appointment (appoint) with my doctor this afternoon.单句改错1The government must commit itself to improve social security and health care. improveimproving2The doctors decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer. operate后加on3The housing price is hoped to decrease to 10% this year. toby4The whole factory will be in charge of me when Mr Black is away. in后加_the5As reward for being admitted to college, many students got iPhone X as presents._As_后加a.翻译句子1应观众的强烈要求，这部戏每周将会在这个剧院上演两次。(response)In_response_to_the_audiences_great_demand,_the_play_will_be_put_on_in_the_theatre_twice_a_week.2使汤姆烦恼的是，他不能找到一份他真正喜欢的工作。(It bothers sb. that)It_bothers_Tom_that_he_cant_find_a_job_that_he_really_likes.3(2015浙江高考书面表达)我毫不犹豫地决定跟随他们，那天我们玩得很高兴。(hesitation)Without_hesitation,_I_decided_to_follow_them_and_we_did_have_lots_of_fun_that_day.4我被委派来负责安排你们那天的所有活动。(appoint, take charge of)I_was_appointed_to_take_charge_of_arranging_all_the_activities_on_that_day.5我们必须尽快实施计划。(bring . into operation)We_must_bring_the_plan_into_operation_as_soon_as_possible. (一)课前自主学习1take_charge_of接管，控制2make_up_ 串记1 编造；组成3make_out 假称；听出，看出4go_into_detail(s) 讨论，细谈5speak_up 大声地说，自由而大胆地说出6sit_up 坐直；熬夜7believe_in 信任，信仰8turn_over 反转；翻转9pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功10keep_up_with 跟上，赶上11in_case 以防万一；万一12due_to 由于13in_addition 此外14turn_up 调高(音量)；出现，到达15leave_behind 留下来，将落在后面16above_all 串记2 首先；最重要的是同根短语串记串记1.up短语全接触build up逐渐增强；建立 hang up挂起来；挂断电话pick up捡起；学会 bring up抚养；教育dress up穿上盛装；打扮 clear up澄清；(天空)放晴take up占据；从事 make up编造；组成mix up混淆；搅匀 stay up不睡觉，静夜turn up调高(音量)；出现，到达串记2.归纳all短语after all到底，毕竟 first of all首先in all总共 all at once突然；同时；马上all of a sudden突然 all the best万事如意all the same尽管如此 above all首先；最重要的是not .at all一点也不 all in all总的说来all the time始终，一直1win an award 获奖2achieve success 获得成功3have an advantage 占优势4without doubt 毫无疑问5on ones own 独立地6have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐7take down notes 做笔记8keep calm 保持镇静9set an example (to sb.) (给某人)树立榜样10give aid to 对援助1The_instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。2I discovered then that as_long_as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。3Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the worlds richest and most advanced nations will find_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep_up_with the demand for change.在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。4Its not about makin