高考英语完形填空解题技巧讲解课件

,Welcome to My Class in This Poetic Spring!,Cloze Test,完形填空的解题技巧,完形填空题是一种集知识和能力为一体，立意新、要求高的综合性语言测试题。它是一种高难度的障碍性阅读题，此题旨在测试学生的综合应用语言能力，同时又检测他们的分析判断能力和连贯性思维能力。 （一）完形填空题的题型特点 1. 首句完整 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。 2. 语境选择 近几年的高考完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求考生通过语境来作出选择。 “语境能力型” 试题具有相当难度，因为完形填空所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。,例如： (1) Japan is an island country and its _ go all over Japan. (2) Japan is an island country and its_ go all over the Pacific looking for fish to catch. (3) Japan is an island country and its _ go over the Pacific looking for the fish groups. (4) Japan is an island country and its_ go on the Pacific looking for the missing people. (5)Japan is an island country and its_ go all over Japan, sending people to and from work. 选择项：A. fishing boats B. lifeboats C. planes D. trains,A, B, C, D,A,C,B,D,例(1)无语境限制，A, B, C, D皆可。 例(2)只有fishing boats能够到太平洋捕鱼，故选A。 例(3)只有 planes 才能飞在太平洋的上空寻找鱼群，选C。 例(4)在太平洋上寻找失踪人员的应是lifeboats, 选B。 例(5).接送人们上下班的不会是fishing boats 和lifeboats, 用planes也有 违常理，故选 D。,3. 动名为主 完形填空所给的选项一般是同一词类，或属同一范畴。测试点往往集中于某些词类。高考完形填空题考查动词（58个）、名词（46个）、然后是形容词，副词等。而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。这是因为现在的完形填空主要考察语境，而在通常情况下只有实词才能较好地体现语境。 4. 难处暗示 难选之处前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面，也就是说前面的填空从当时的情况来看，或是线索不清，或是语境不明，无法填出，但只要我们继续往下读，我们就会发现此空在后面的某个地方有暗示。 5. 选材适中 近几年来的高考完型填空题材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或具有一定哲理和教育意义，夹叙夹议，以叙为主的议论文。词数在200-300之间。设空距离为10个词左右。短文内容结构严谨，逻辑性强，层次分明。材料难度与高三教材相当，所选短文的英语语言符合高三学生的实际水平。,(二) 完型填空题解题步骤 1. 细读首句，预测主题 “完形填空” 所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，建立正确的思维导向。同时也不可忽视尾句前后呼应的作用。 2. 跳读全文，领会大意 要学会跳读技巧。借助首尾句所给启示，跳过空格，快速把短文从头到尾通读一遍，进一步从整体上理解短文大意。这是正确选择的基础，也是做题的关键。切忌急于求成，看一句填一空。若一开始就忙于填空，势必无法掌握文章中心，造成顾此失彼，错误百出的不良结果。这是因为完形填空主要考察对语境的理解，若是在没有弄清短文大意的情况下就去选择填空，可能会因备选项的干扰而偏离主题，一错到底。 3. 通读全文，试选答案 根据全文大意，以全文为背景，把所给四个选项分别套入空格所在的句子中试填，初步完形空格。试填选项时，一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，要抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系。在阅读全文时，不要忽略连接词、代词、插入语、转折语等的作用。因为这些词往往是改变语境的关键词，具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举、承上启下的特殊功能。,如：but, yet, however, whereas, while 等表示转折或对比；besides, moreover, what is more等表示信息增加; so, so that, therefore, as a result等表示推理结果。平时练习中要注意分辨这类词的细微差别，这样才有利于保证选项的准确性。要弄清空格处待填的是什么词、起何作用，同时也要注意习惯表达法，语法知识等，从而筛选出符合文意的选项。 4. 细读全文，推敲难题 有些空格在初步完形时就可以定局，可部分空格答案还不明朗。做到这一步，我们已能将短文中被挖去的词“复位”了一些，对语境的了解更清晰，更准确了。我们要充分利用这一有利条件，联系上下文意，根据常识，运用逻辑推理，结合语境和已选答案所提供的信息，对候选项再次进行仔细推敲，缜密考虑，选出最佳答案。若有些答案实在难以确定，可采用“排除法”，首先排除在语法或内容上明显不符合要求的答案，然后再比较、定夺。可按空格所在位置，从词语搭配、上下文意、习惯用法、词义辨析和语法结构等方面，耐心细致地逐项分析，以求对应。可先读所要填词的句子，复读上一句，兼顾下一句，即“瞻前顾后”，确保答案的准确无误,（三）完型填空题实用解题技巧 实用技巧一： 寻找关键信息词来选择答案 在一篇文章中，有时就一个单句而言，很难确定合适的答案，但若继续下去，就会发现与问题有关的信息词，这些词往往直接或间接地提出或暗示我们所寻找的答案。 例1：Norman Cousins was a businessman from the United States who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his _1_ and traveling. 1. A. time B. holiday C. sleep D. work,D,【分析和说明】本题较难。误选A的学生较多，很多学生认为他在国外旅游，因此认为他是玩得很愉快。选错的主要原因是没认真审题，只注重单句的意思，而没注意前句给出的提示。 【解答】事实上在此句中，前面提到过on business，而不是指他是纯粹的旅游，因此应该与work有关。正确答案为D。只有D项可以同时与traveling作enjoyed的宾语。,接着读下文： Then, after returning to the United States from a _2_ trip to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a change began to take place _ 3_ him. The material between his bones became weak. 2. A. boring B. tiring C. dangerous D. pleasant A. from B. around C. inside D. beside,B,C,【分析和说明】第2题：咋一看，A，B，D项都可选，如果第一句中学生认为是旅游玩得很愉快，那么选D项的就更多。句中说在此之后，Mr. Cousins got sick病倒了,这是关键的信息词。因此这是一个tiring trip；第3题：不认真看题，那么很容易选B，以为是他身边发生的事。跟第二题一样，读后句就知道，这里的a change只能是他身体内部的变化。因为文中提到The material between his bones became。所以做题时要首尾兼顾，抓住主要信息。 【解答】第2，3题正确答案分别为B，C。,例2：An old lion _ in its cave and pretended to be ill, when some animals came to visit it, the lion killed and ate them. slept B. lay C. lying D. felt sick,B,【分析和说明】如果仅以“主语后面应该跟谓语动词”这一语法规则去分析，显然A，B和D都对。但是文中的“killed and ate them”说明狮子并未睡觉，而是在捕食或者伺机捕杀前来探望的动物，从而否定了A。通过“pretended to be ill”这一信息又证实了“狮子并未生病”这一事实，所以又否定了D。因此只有B为正确答案。lay虽表示“卧着”，却有“其大脑清醒”的含义，暗求着狮子随时会突然跃起，扑向靠近它的动物。【解答】答案为B。,实用技巧二：根据词的固定搭配和句型来选择答案 英语语言结构包含着大量的固定搭配、习惯用语以及各种句型结构等。词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配题是完形填空测试的重点。这种情况命题方式常见的有两种：一是将固定搭配中的某个词删去，二是在原来的搭配结构中插入较长的文字结构，造成搭配关系的松散现象。如：A persons feeling depends, in a sense, according to Dr. Green, _the climate. 如果学生知道according to Dr. Green是插入语，depend on动词词组被故意拆开的话，答案就非常容易了。 例1：It will not be _ the teachers and the students meet again. A. before long B. far away C. long before D. some long,C,【分析和说明】“before long”为固定搭配，很多学生认为这个答案是对的。但如果再仔细想想就会知道它是一个副词词组，在句中往往直接用作状语，而后不跟从句。所以做题时即使是固定搭配或短语，也不能死搬硬套，要具体情况具体分析。 【解答】在“long before”句式中，before为连词，可以在后面跟句子，long在此句中是表时间的一种说法。因此此句的正确答案为C。,实用技巧三：用比较判断法来选择答案 有时，在一个段落中，前面的空只凭借一个句子的内容很难做出正确的判断，但是在后面的句子结构中也出现同样的语言结构，这种语言现象便是我们要找的比较信息部分。了解比较信息部分的结构，能帮助我们找到前面对应结构中等立存在的答案。 例1：Pagoda Street is a street like many others not very _ 1_ , not very wide, _ 2_ wide enough for two buses to pass. But it is a _3_ street all the same, particularly during the rush hour. 1. A clear B. clean C. far D. fresh 2. A. also B. even C. and D. only 3. A. famous B. useful C. busy D. free,B,D,C,【分析和说明】第1题：此句中说明了这个街跟许多其他的街道一样，这说明了街道的共同特征，不很“宽”当然也不是“很干净”。而不是A“清晰”或是C“远”，这两个不能说明大多街道的共性。第2题：根据上句中的“not very wide”及下句中的提示“wide enough for two buses to pass”，说明街道较狭窄，“仅能让两辆车通过”。第3题：此空前的 But表转折，虽说街道不宽，但。它是一个“繁忙”的街道，且与下文的during the rush hour相对应。 【解答】根据文意，此3题答案分别为B，D，C。,例2：The ancient Greek thinker Diogenes said that there was only one good, namely(也就是), knowledge; and only one _1_ , namely, _ 2 _. 1. A. better B. best C. nice D. evil 2. A. ignorance B. disbelief C. laziness D. death,D,A,【分析和说明】第1题：文中only one good为信息词，only限制了good，形成了“绝对关系”，所以后面的部分不会再出现good的同义词或近义词，那么空1 应选择与good相反的词。A，B，C项都是体现好的方面的词，只有D项符合，evil的意思为“邪恶的”，即使你不知道这个词的含义也可用排除法选出正确答案。第2题：跟在提出例证的转折词namely后面的词，其作用是说明前面的名词的，既然good是knowledge, 那么与之相对应的evil后的词应是与knowledge相对应的反义词ignorance（无知）。而disbelief为“不相信”， laziness为“懒惰”，death为“死亡”，都与原义不符。对比法在完形填空中往往是一种重要的解题方法，扩展词汇面，找出反义词，应用对比关系然后再排除是关键。 【解答】根据以上分析，这两题答案分别为D，A。,除了可以从相同的结构中比较外，还可以利用其他转折词的功能进行比较，常见的转折词有：though（虽然）, at the same time（往往比较两个不同的动作）, even so（尽管如此）, instead（此外）, on the contrary（恰恰相反）, on the other hand（另一方面）, similarly（同样）, but, however（然而）等。在做完型填空时，利用这些词或词组的提示，我们可以判断它们与后面的词、句子的关系，这种关系或许是趋于向其他方面的转化，或许是与所描述的概念正好相反。如：A horse and a donkey, each bearing a burden, were being led by their master. The donkey asked the horse to take part of its burden, for it was very tired; _ the horse refused. A. but B. then C. and D. so,A,句中分号前所提供的信息是the donkey asked for help, 而分号后的句子说 the horse refused。这说明这两个句子的意思是相反的，存在转折关系，所以此空应选A。,实用技巧四：通过上下文语境来选择答案 该项目的设计主要是考查考生的综合分析能力。测试内容包括篇章结构和推理判断能力，这些答案的选择，起关键作用的是上下文的关系，也就是说，对短文的整体理解是非常重要的，这种考查项目的设计所占的比例较大，且难度也大。考生必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。,推测文章主旨, 并把句子补充完整。 （1） If you think you are sick, you are _, no matter what anyone else says. On the other hand, if you believe in your_, and if he tells that you are going to feel better, you probably will. The effect of the mind on the body _ and sometimes can be powerful. It exists _ one is aware of it or not.,Topic: Mind has an effect on the patients,sick,doctor,exists,whether,_,_,_,_,完形填空所考查的能力,快速阅读,skimming,找中心句,理顺文章,判断,推理,分析,词汇语法,背景知识生活常识,topic sentence,organization,analysis & conclusion,vocabulary & grammar,background &knowledge,近年高考完形填空题型特点,1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整; 3. 首句完整, 主题明确; 4. 结构清晰, 层次分明; 5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析; 6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅; 7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇; 8. 常识语法, 每年出现。,高考英语完形填空趋势,从近几年高考的完形填空来看，考核学生语法方面的知识已经很少了，而是从上下文逻辑、词义辨析、惯用搭配及基本常识等方面来测试学生词汇的掌握及运用。而且有些词的选择，必须在理解整篇文章的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。,英语完形填空之解题基本技巧,1.从上下文关键词着手； 2.从上下文逻辑着手； 3.从固定搭配着手； 4.从词义辨析着手； 5.从生活常识着手； 6.从语法知识着手。,1.从上下文关键词着手 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句，结合语境答题。,Mrs. Black would ask me for my _. She wanted to know how I thought we should _things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design! 2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention 4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything,2,handle,3,2) Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very . A. deep B. high C. cold D. warm,3) Mrs ONeill askedquestions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more,shallow,But,and,either,didnt,4) The words, so small, didnt seem _ enough to hold my new life. A. good B. simple C. big D. proper,small,nt,enough,2.从上下文逻辑着手,1) It has been many years since I was last in London, I still remember something that happened during that visit. A. and B. for C. but D. as,2) If he did not know them, he would greet them with a few words about the weather, _ he did, he would ask about their family and then B. and so C. even if D but if,这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如 转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并结合语境选答案。,If he did,he would,he did,he would,still,2.从上下文逻辑着手,3) They were clearly long-standing customers, and I _ they must have stayed faithful to him _ he had promised to sell good quality fruit. - he called every woman “madam” for a start,_ those who clearly were not, but- 6. A. wish B. insist C. declare D. suppose 7. A. when B. if C. because D. though 10. A. yet B. only C. just D. even,这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如 转折、让步、因果、递进关系等，并结合语境选答案。,7,6,10,stayed faithful to him,every woman,those,3.从固定搭配着手,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。,1) One evening in early April, my mother told me to fill in at the snack bar 1 a worker who had the flu.-and Im no good 5 money. 1. A. to B. for C. after D. over 5. A. of B. on C. about D. with 2) Lucys classmates always took _ to praise her. A. pains B. time C. efforts D. measures,fill in for 代替,make efforts to do, take pains to do努力做,be good with sth 擅于处理- 与-关系好,4) Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himselfso much money. A. for B. by C. to D. of,5) It was 4 oclock when the front doorbell rang. Mrs Clark was _ tea at the time. cooking B. making C. burning D. serving,3.从固定搭配着手,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。,泡茶,解析： help oneself to是固定搭配，表示“自取，随便拿” ，符合语境。,6) The happiest people dont necessarily have the best of everything; they just _ the best of everything they have. A. learn B. make C. favor D. try,5)I have to work late tonight. I doubt if Ill be able to _ it on time. A. reach B. keep C. take D. make,3.从固定搭配着手,注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时结合语境选择正确的短语。,make it 做成某事,make the best of 充分利用，好好珍惜,4.从词义辨析着手,注意四个选项的差别，结合语境确定答案。,1) With her slow and clumsy reactions, she would surely _ her team. hold on B. hold out C. hold over D. hold up 2) My _ raced back more than thirty years to the dark days of 1941. A. minds B. memories C. thoughts D. brains,坚持；不挂断,伸出,拖延,阻碍,slow and clumsy reactions,raced back,头脑；智力,记忆,思想；想法,大脑；头脑,4.从词义辨析着手,注意四个选项的差别，结合语境确定答案。,3) Soon I heard a like that of a door burst in. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shout,4) Give me a hand, he shouted_ he got near the boat. A. while B. till C. for D. as,声音,哭，大叫,嗓音,叫，喊,一边-一边,5.从生活常识着手,了解生活常识，结合语境，确定相关答案。,I _ the balloon to the wall. A. placed B. tied C. laid D. contributed,B,2)(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_ hospital. A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest,5.从生活常识着手,了解生活常识，结合语境，确定相关答案。,在这样的紧急情况下，人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医，因此答案为D。,3）The rail will expand（膨胀） when it gets _. A. wet B. cold C. hot D. dry,运用“热胀冷缩”原理，应选C。,Immediately,jumped,rushed,6.从语法知识着手,了解不同寻常的语法结构，结合语境，选出唯一答案。,She was French - perhaps from that place _ he usually spent his holidays. A. where B. when C. which D. how 2) The instructor then _ that we find ways to make apologize to people. A. expected B. suggested C. told D. said,3) I realized that_ I had done that, I would have lost a new friend. A. before B. if C. while D. as,6.从语法知识着手,4) As my father,_worked three jobs,once told me, A.he B. that C. who D.whoever,了解不同寻常的语法结构，结合语境，选出唯一答案。,Summary 完形填空高分技巧,1研读首尾抓主题 一般来说,很多文章会按照“总分总”的思路来写。首先提出主题,接着对主题进行分析、叙述,最后进行归纳、总结,得出结论或提出建议。因此,一般根据文章的首句及尾句就能抓住文章的主题。 2. 左顾右盼找搭配 3. 思前想后觅逻辑 语境分析辨词义 集中精力破难题 回读检查补漏洞,Practice makes prefect!,一显身手,Born in America , I spoke English ,not Chinese , the language of my ancestors . When I was three, my parents flashed cards with Chinese 36 at my face , but I pushed them 37 . My mom believed I would learn 38 I was ready . But the 39 never came.,36. A. custom B.games C.characters D.language 37. A.ahead B.around C.along D.aside 38. A.when B.before C.unless D.until 39. A.success B.study C.time D.attempt,On a Chinese New Years Eve , my uncle spoke to me in Chinese , but all I could do was 40 at him , confused , scratching my head . “ Still cant speak Chinese?” He 41 me , “You cant even buy a fish in Chinatown .”,40. A.aim B.joke C.nod D.stare 41. A.cared about B.laughed at C.argued with D.asked after,“Hey ,this is America , not China. Ill get some 42 with or without Chinese.” I replied and turned to my mom for 43 . “Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu ,” she said ,handing over a $20 bill . I 44 the words, running downstairs into the streets of Chinatown.,42. A.right now B.from now C.at times D.in time 43. A.decision B.permission C.information D.preparation 44. A.repeated B.reviewed C.spelled D.kept,I found the fish 45 surrounded in a sea of customers. “Id like to buy some fresh fish,” I shouted to the fishman. But he 46 my English words and turned to serve the next customer .The laugh of the people behind increased 47 their impatience.,45. A.farm B.stand C.pond D.market 46. A.guessed B.forget C.doubted D.ignored 47.A.by B.as C.with D.from,as+句子；with+短语,With every 48 , the breath of the dragons (龙) on my back grew strongermy blood boiling 49 me to cry out . “ Xian Sheng Yu , please.” “Very Xian Sheng ,” I repeated .The crowd burst into laughter .,48.A.second B.effort C.desire D.movement 49.A.forcing B.allowing C.persuading D.leading,秒 努力 欲望 动作,随着每一,迫使 允许 说服 引导,My face turned 50 and I ran back home 51 , except for the $20 bill I held tightly in my pocket. Should I laugh or cry? Theyre Chinese. I should feel right at 52 . Instead , I was the joke .,50. A.bright B.blank C.pale D.red 51. A.open-mouthed B.tongue-tied C.empty-handed D.broken-hearted 52.A.service B.home C.risk D.root,The crowd erupted into laughter .,张着嘴 结巴的 空手的 心碎的,feel at home 感到自在,Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 53 , but , in the end, the joke is on 54 . Every laugh is a culture 55 ; every laugh is my heritage (传统) fading away.,53.A.trade B.deed C.challenge D.incident 54.A.it B.us C.me D.them 55.A.thrown B.lost C.divided D.reflected,贸易 功绩 挑战 事件,全文讲述发生 在我身上的事,褪去,Whats the main idea of this article? Whats the underlying(深度的) meaning of this article?,Questions:,能力升华,Methods,上下文语境（context),常识背景（common sense）,习惯搭配（phrases & idioms）,词义辨析 （comparison）,语法分析（grammar analysis),逻辑分析 (logical analysis ),解题技巧,1.上下文语境法 1.Many Africans are very ( ) and so they cant afford to eat much meat. A healthy B. poor C. rich D .weak 2. Many old people dont have good ( ) .They cant watch TV, but they can listen to the music. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight D. time 3. 1.Travelling west, you set your clock（ ） Traveling east, you set it ahead. A. back B. forward C. ahead D.behind,利用上下文语境解题, 例2 (06全国I) On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront caf on a Greek island. Over a hundred degrees in 36 air. Crowded. Temper of both the tourists and waiters had risen to meet the situation. 36. A. fresh B. cool C. still D. thin, 例1 （08全国I）After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. 36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress 37A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised,1) In the summer vacation of 1997 , I was fixed with a job . I worked as a(n) ( ) at Mr. Breens fruit shop. A .operator B . assistant C .waiter D. secretary,2.常识背景法,The ring had been damaged in the great ( ) of the fire. A. pile B.heat C. power D.pressure,2),利用常识背景法解题,例1 the mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to 2 . The ambulance was running very fast along the road. 2. A. the best hospital B. the biggest hospital C. the nearest hospital D. the Childrens Hospital,例2 （2000全国）And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly. Greeting me with a nod ,she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Cori.” Then ,she 45 the music and looked over at my father. “And of course, youre Mr. Faber,” she said. 45.A. turned on B. turned down C. played D. enjoyed,例1 So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel _ while I was at college. A. came on B. came in C. came out D. came back 例2 They spend millions of dollars yearly _ newspapers and magazines A. in B. to C. on D. for,3.习惯搭配法,（06江苏试卷） The chance passed and I didnt (1) it. I take the exam the next day and I won. I didnt (2) to cheat , but I was still cheating anyhow. 1. A. take B. have C. lose D. find 2. A. remember B. learn C. mean D. pretend,利用习惯搭配解题,1) Soon I heard a 41 like that of a door burst in, and then a climb of feet. 41. A. sound B. cry C.voice D. shout 2) （NMET 1996）When the papers were _ , she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test. A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered,4.词义辨析法,（NMET 2004） It was the night before the composition was due. As I looked at the