2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试高考英语信息卷八.doc

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试最新高考信息卷英 语（八） 注意事项：1、答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3、考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the man looking for?A. His pen.B. His book.C. His phone.2. What does Carols father ask her to do?A. Talk with her friends.B. Go out with him.C. Put on warm clothes.3. How many members are there in Alices group now?A. Two.B. Four.C. Six.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. Ways of cooking.B. Healthy food for kids.C. Kids helping in the kitchen.5. What is the woman?A. Shes a shop assistant.B. Shes a receptionist.C. Shes a secretary.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. Why does the man sound surprised?A. Lily rejected a job offer.B. Lily was absent from school.C. Lily turned down a scholarship.7. What has Lily decided to do?A. Travel to Dubai.B. Stay with her mom.C. Start a business.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Relatives.C. Classmates.9. What is Sabrinas sister doing?A. Touring in Africa.B. Teaching in a village.C. Working in a company.10. How can Sabrina reach her sister now?A. By phone.B. By email.C. By letter.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What does Maria think of the soup?A. Tasteless.B. Just fine.C. Thick.12. What does Karl say can be added to the soup?A. Salt.B. Onions.C. Pepper.13. Where are the speakers?A. At home.B. At a restaurant.C. At a friends house.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. When will someone come to check the hot water?A. This afternoon.B. Tomorrow.C. At the weekend.15. How did the students know about the flat?A. From a friend.B. From a newspaper.C. From a house agency.16. What will the woman do to settle the problem about the fridge?A. Pay the students for the new one.B. Get someone to fix the old one.C. Order one on the Internet.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Who is the speaker?A. An invited guest.B. A news reporter.C. A radio host.18. In what way has the speaker changed?A. He speaks faster.B. He becomes heavier.C. He cooks more often.19. What is difficult for the speaker to get used to?A. The food.B. The weather.C. The language.20. What does the speaker think of the French people?A. A bit cold.B. Generous.C. Easy-going.【答案】1-5 ACBCB 6-10 CBABC 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 AABCA第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AHere are four wonderful hotels and campsites in Europe.Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, GreeceThis could be the perfect retreat for stressed parents who need spoiling. For a start, its in lovely Greece, but theres no need to take a ferry, as its on the mainland. With a juice bar beside the(heated)pool, open-air spa, calm beach, restaurants or meals on demand, and secret bays to explore by boat, it makes for a super-relaxed break.Doubles from 88, junior suite(sleeps 4)from 138 a night, family suite(sleeps6) from272 B&B, open lateApril-October, Casa Vicentina, Algarve, PortugalFor a back-to-nature feel, family-run Casa Vicentina in the Algarve is perfect. Built with ecological materials, its in a protected park area on a natural lake. Breakfast is a plentiful buffet-and bikes are supplied free of charge so you can go to the beach or cafes and restaurants. Accommodation is in brightly decorated rooms or larger suites complete with small kitchens.Rooms from 75 B&B, wonderfulland. ComFairy Chimney Inn, Cappadocia, TurkeyOlder kids will love the fairytale landscape of Cappadocia and the excitement of staying in a cave hotel. The Fairy Chimney Inn used to be part of a cave monastery(修道院). Its rooms are beautiful and homely, with traditional decorations and the occasional reminder of the modern world. All rooms have courtyards overlooking the extraordinary landscape.Rooms from 55 B&B, plus 11 per child, fairychimney. ComCasa San Gabriel, Umbria, ItalyCasa San Gabriel is a small hilltop farm where three self-catering cottages share a swimming pool, playground and barbecue. Theres added excitement for young guests in the family of alpacas(羊驼)kept on site. There are several water, wildlife and activity parks nearby, and slightly further afield a Pinocchio theme park.A week at II Fienile cottage (sleeps 4-6)costs from 650, B&B (low season only) from 95, casasangabriel. com21. In the Ekies All Senses Resort, you can enjoy_.A. a ferry journey B. an open-air spaC. living in tree houses D. dancing in the playground22. Which of the following will you choose if you want to enjoy a breakfast buffet?A. The Ekies All Senses Resort. B. Casa VicentinaC. The Fairy Chimney Inn D. Casa San Gabriel23. If you want to see some wildlife on holiday, which website should you click?A. B. C. D. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. D【解析】本文介绍了欧洲四个极好的旅馆和露营营地。21. 细节理解题。由Ekies All Senses Resort, Chalkidiki, Greece中的With a juice bar beside the(heated)pool, open-air spa, calm beach, restaurants or meals on demand, and secret bays to explore by boat, it makes for a super-relaxed break.可知在the Ekies All Senses Resort，你可以享受露天温泉浴场，选B。22. 细节理解题。由Casa Vicentina, Algarve, Portugal中的Breakfast is a plentiful buffet-and bikes are supplied free of charge so you can go to the beach or cafes and restaurants.可知如果你想要享用自助早晨，你要选择Casa Vicentina，选B。23. 细节理解题。由Casa San Gabriel, Umbria, Italy中的There are several water, wildlife and activity parks nearby, and slightly further afield a Pinocchio theme park. A week at II Fienile cottage (sleeps 4-6)costs from 650, B&B (low season only) from 95, casasangabriel. com可知如果你在假期想看一些野生动植物，你应该点击网址，故选D。BStudents at the Florida high school where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018 are being asked to wear clear backpacks.School officials have written to families of Marjory Stoneman Douglas High pupils outlining the plans as part of new security measures, They say any student without a clear backpack will be given one at no cost. As well as introducing the transparent backpacks for quicker safety checks, there will also be airport-style metal detectors and school visitors will pass through special gates.“Were going to man every gate at the school during school hours and for after-school activities,” said the superintendent of Broward County Public Schools, Robert W. Runcie.Since the shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.Donald Trump has told US politicians he wants tougher laws with “really strong background checks”, while hes faced anger from anti-gun groups for suggesting training school staff to use firearms.In the last few days, safety at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High has been called into question again after several security breaches (违反). Three students were arrested on Tuesday, two for carrying knives and one for making threats on Snapchat. Some parents have become so worried that theyve been keeping their children off school.“Weve got to put things into place now,” Mr Runcie said.24. Which is a new security measure of the school?A. Teachers are trained to use firearms.B. Guards are hired to monitor the students.C. Visitors are forbidden to enter the school.D. Students are required to wear clear backpacks.25. What can we know about the school shooting from the text?A. The gunman was a school staff member.B. One of the victims was named Nikolas Cruz.C. Seventeen people were shot dead on campus.D. Someone unknown broke in and opened fire.26. Some parents have become worried because .A. three students were badly hurtB. the school takes few safety measuresC. they received a letter from the teacherD. there are still safety problems at the school27. What is the students attitude toward firearms?A. They call for changes of gun laws.B. They are against the schools stricter rules.C. They defend their right to possess weapons.D. They approve of Donald Trumps suggestion.【答案】24. D 25. C 26. D 27. A【解析】2018年2月美国佛罗里达高中学生被枪杀事件后，学校采取了一些安保措施。但校园安全仍存在问题，这让家长们很担心。24. 细节推理题。根据第一段Students at the Florida high school where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018 are being asked to wear clear backpacks.和第二段introducing the transparent backpacks for quicker safety checks,可知为了避免学生遭遇意外，学校一项新的安全措施就是要求学生背清晰的背包，故选D。25. 细节推理题。根据第一段的定语从句where 17 people were shot dead in February of 2018和第四段Since the shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.可知2018年2月有17名学生在校园被枪杀，故选C。26. 推理判断题。根据最后两段中In the last few days, safety at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High has been called into question again after several security breaches (违反). Some parents have become so worried that theyve been keeping their children off school.和“Weve got to put things into place now,”可知现在学校安全仍然存在问题，这让家长们很担心。故选D。27. 细节推理题。根据第四段Since the shooting when Nikolas Cruz opened fire killing 17 people, students there have been leading calls for gun reform.可知校园发生枪机事件后，学生们一直在呼吁进行枪支改革。故选A。CToday tropical rainforests are disappearing from the face of the globe. Despite growing international concern, rainforests continue to be destroyed at a pace over 80,000 acres per day. World rainforest cover now stands at around 2.5million square miles. Human activities have had an effect on much of this remaining area.Deforestation(森林滥伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction, the loss of important ecosystem services and renewable resources, and the reduction of carbon sinks. However, this destruction can be slowed, stopped, and in some cases even reversed(逆转). Most people agree that the problem must be solved, but the means are not as simple as building fences around the remaining rainforests or banning the wood trade. Economic, political, and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.So, what should be done? The solution must be based on what is practical, not completely idealistic and depends on developing a conservation approach built on the principle of sustainable(可持续的) use and development of rainforests. Beyond the responsible development of rainforests, efforts to restore damaged forest lands along with the establishment of protected areas are key to securing rainforests for the long-term benefits they can provide for mankind.Historic approaches to rainforest conservation have failed, as shown by the increased rate of deforestation. In many regions, closing off forests as untouchable parks and reserves has neither improved the quality of living or economic opportunities for the rural poor, nor stopped forest clearing by illegal woodcutters and developers.The problem with this traditional approach to preserving wildlands in developing countries is that it fails to develop proper economic motives for preserving the forest. Local people and the government itself must see financial returns to prove the costs of maintaining parks from economic activities.28. What has caused some species extinction in the tropical rainforests?A. Humans destroying the trees.B. Carbon sinks being reduced.C. Lacking renewable resources.D. Fences not being built around the rainforests.29. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Tropical rainforests can be easily preserved.B. Rainforests must be closed off to be better protected.C. Human activities have had an effect on tropical rainforests.D. Economic returns can make some difference in protecting tropical rainforests.30. What is the authors attitude to tropical rainforest protection?A. Indifferent.B. Concerned.C. Doubtful.D. Puzzled.31. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To show the bad effects of deforestation.B. To stress the importance of the rainforests.C. To appeal for right ways to save the rainforests.D. To introduce the fact of forests disappearing.【答案】28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C【解析】地球是人类的共同家园，而在遥远的拉丁美洲，热带干旱森林正面临严重的生存危机，为世界敲响了环保警钟。28. 细节理解题。根据Deforestation(森林滥伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction,可以得知人类对森林的滥砍滥伐导致热带雨林的消失。故选A。29. 推理判断题。根据Economic, political, and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.由于经济、政治原因、社会压力，他们不会允许热带雨林存在，可以得知经济效益对保护热带雨林有一定影响。故选D。30. 推理判断题。根据全文可以得知作者阐述了热带雨林正在消失的现状并提出了一些保护措施已经无效的问题。可以推断出作者对保护热带雨林很担忧。故选B。31. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段.可以得知作者认为传统的保护热带雨林的方法无效，呼吁大家分享合适的保护措施。故选C。DAccording to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.” commented lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.The study was done with a variety of animals using phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research showed flies “observe motion In a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve,” which allows them to avoid being hit.Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no Value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might now be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.”In comparison, the tiger beetle (虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its preys(猎物) position.Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension along which animals can specialize and there is considerable range to study this system in more detail.32. What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?A. Pace of life of animals. B. Time perception of animals.C. Lifetime of small animals. D. Impressive abilities of animals.33. What does Kevin Healys comment mean in Para. 2?A. The ability of animals to perceive time depends On their high moving speed.B. The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.C. Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.D. Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.34. Why can houseflies avoid being hit?A. They can think very deeply before they act.B. They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.C. They can process the information as quickly as they receive it.D. they can send information to brain more quickly than to their eyes.35. What will a tiger have to do to catch a moving preyA. Try to run as fast as it can.B. Prevent itself from becoming blind.C. Slow down to gain its time perception.D. Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. D【解析】本文为介绍说明文。文章主要介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。32. 推理判断题。根据第一段的According to a team of researchers, an animals ability to perceive(感 知) time is linked to their pace of life.（根据一组研究人员，动物的时间感知与它们的生活节奏有关）及下文对该研究的细节陈述可知，文章中提到的研究是关于动物的时间感知的。故选B。33. 推理判断题。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures.（对于能快速移动的动物而言，在很短时间内感知时间可能就是生与死的区别）可推知，快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力。故选B。34. 推理判断题。根据第四段中的The research showed flies “observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve,” which allows them to avoid being hit.（研究显示，苍蝇“比我们的眼睛能在更短的时间内观察到运动”，这让它们能避免被袭击）及第五段中的Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.（苍蝇可能不是深刻的思考者，但它们可以很快做出好的决定）可推知，苍蝇能避免被袭击，是因为它们能立即处理收到的信息。故选C。35. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中the tiger beetle (虎甲虫）runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to re-evaluate its preys (猎物)position.（虎甲虫移动的比它的眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估它猎物的位置）可知，虎甲虫为了抓住移动的猎物，需要不时地停下来再次确定猎物的位置。故选D。第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 Taking on a part-time job while pursuing a degree is hard work, but there are great benefits from that. Students with part-time jobs can eam their own money, develop good time-management skills, and gain experience in the workplace._36_ As they come into adulthood, earning an income can increase their confidence. Some students need to work through school to afford tuition. _37_ Still, the money will be theirs to spend as they wish, and they may appreciate it more because they worked for it.Students taking on a job on top of their studies will have less free time than non-working students. _38_ They learn to skip fun activities to finish their responsibilities. This prepares them for life after school when they cant find excuses for work thats not finished in time,Often, students take jobs that introduce them to their preferred career after school is over. _39_ Even students who work in places not connected to their majors will look more impres