河北省衡水市2018届高三英语专项练习专题五完形填空议论+说明类专练.docx

专题五完形填空议论+说明类专练考试范围：xxx；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx学校：_姓名：_班级：_考号：_ 题号一二总分得分注意事项：1、答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2、请将答案正确填写在答题卡上 第1卷 评卷人得分一、完形填空1、In our modem world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend lime and money to repair it. 5 modem manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products arc plentiful and 6 .Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9 to save lime and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 t this is not enough to solve(解决) our problem.Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 .Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.1.A.keyB.reasonC.projectD.problem2.A.giftsB. rubbishC.debtD.products3.A.faceB.becomeC.observeD.change4.A.hideB.controlC.replaceD.withdraw5.A.Thanks toB.As toC.Except forD.Regardless of6.A.safeB.funnyC.cheapD.powerful7.A.loveB.lackC.preventionD.division8.A.sensitiveB.kindC.braveD.busy9.A.waysB.placesC.jobsD.friends10.A.donateB.receiveC.produceD.preserve11.A.adaptsB.returnsC.respondsD.contributes12.A.tired ofB.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed for13.A.newerB.strongerC.higherD.larger14.A.pick upB.pay forC.hold ontoD.throw away15.A.advantagesB.purposesC.functionsD.consequences16.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measure17.A.technologyB.environmentC.consumersD.brands18.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Meanwhile19.A.byB.in favour ofC.afterD.instead of20.A.spendingB.collectingC.repairingD.advertising 2、How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is 1to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is2 healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce 3 . They wear out, and as a result, we get old and 4die. Even though we cant live forever, we are living a 5 life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the 6 line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people dont begin to experience physical and mental7until after age 75.People are living longer because more people 8 childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood9 . Now that the chances of dying10are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.On the whole, our population is getting older. The11 in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see 12 , not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in13if not in age. As the society grows old, we need the14 of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to15active and devoted.1.A.designedB.selectedC.improvedD.discovered2.A.completelyB.generallyC.apparentlyD.extremely3.A.rapidlyB.harmlesslyC.endlesslyD.separately4.A.eventuallyB.hopelesslyC.automaticallyD.desperately5.A.busierB.longerC.richerD.happier6.A.finishingB.guidingC.waitingD.dividing7.A.stressB.damageC.declineD.failure8.A.surviveB.enjoyC.rememberD.value9.A.problemsB.fearsC.worriesD.diseases10.A.poorB.youngC.sickD.quiet11.A.changesB.recoveryC.safetyD.increases12.A.dreamsB.chancesC.strengthsD.choices13.A.mindB.appearanceC.voiceD.movement14.A.protectionB.suggestionsC.contributionsD.permission15.A.soundB.appearC.turnD.stay 3、 As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis. As a matter of fact,we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 . For example,on Christmas morning,children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wearsoff and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models,each standing as a monument to someones 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet,their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time,however,the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then,how many 12 ,who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their drivers licenses(执照)?Before people retire,they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things,which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement,the golfing,the fishing,the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And,like the child in January,they go searching for new 20 .1.A.principleB.habitC.wayD.power2.A.partiesB.racesC.countriesD.ages3.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going4.A.confidenceB.interestC.anxietyD.sorrow5.A.sameB.extraC.funnyD.expensive6.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printedC.newly-collectedD.half-filled7.A.broadB.passingC.differentD.main8.A.silentlyB.impatientlyC.gladlyD.worriedly9.A.promiseB.burdenC.rightD.game10.A.courageB.calmnessC.confusionD.excitement11.A.graduationB.independenceC.responsibilityD.success12.A.childrenB.studentsC.adultsD.retirees13.A.carefullyB.eagerlyC.nervouslyD.bravely14.A.requiredB.obtainedC.noticedD.discovered15.A.needB.learnC.startD.plan16.A.greatB.strangeC.difficultD.correct17.A.timeB.moneyC.skillsD.knowledge18.A.onlyB.wellC.evenD.soon19.A.lostB.choseC.leftD.quit20.A.petsB.toysC.friendsD.colleagues 评卷人得分二、语法填空4、 In much of Asia, especially the so-called rice bowl cultures of China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands. 5、If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of (great) and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 6、 Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top(attract). So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre .From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, other is with mumshe never suspects. 7、 Sometimes we have disagreements with people. When this (happen), the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument. Here my tips for you.The (one) thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important.Imagine you are a student and you share a flatanother student who you think isnt doing her share of the housework. If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework. are you going to do about it?”, the discussion will very soon turn into an argument. Its much more (help) to say something like, “I think we hadhave another look about how we divide up the housework .Maybe there is a better way of dealing with it.”My second piece of is simple. If youre the person who is in the wrong, just admit it! This is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument. Just make an and move on. The other person will have more respect for you the future if you do that. 参考答案： 一、完形填空 1.答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.C; 5.A; 6.C; 7.A; 8.D; 9.A; 10.C; 11.D; 12.B; 13.A; 14.D; 15.D; 16.C; 17.B; 18.A; 19.D; 20.A 解析： 1.【语篇导读】我们不断丢弃东西,然后购买新东西,导致被我们丢弃的垃圾堆积成山。由于受到各种因素的影响我们已处于一个用完就扔、一次性的社会。本文分析了我们成为这样的一个社会的原因,并指出了解决这一问题的措施。后面的表语从句说明的是世界上许多国家所面临的问题 (problem),故选 D 项。2.考查名词辨析。A礼物;B垃圾;C债务;D产品。句意:因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾,因此,垃圾堆积成了山,故选B。3.考查动词辨析。句意:A面对;B变得;C观察,庆祝;D改变。根据“first of all.”可知,这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因,故选B。4.考查动词辨析。A躲藏;B控制;C代替;D撤退,收回。句意:与花时间和钱修理相比,现在更容易更换物品,故选C。5.考查短语辨析。A多亏;B至于;C除了;D不管。句意:多亏了当代制造业和技术,公司能够更快地生产产品,成本也降低很多,故选A。16.考查动词辨析。A显示,展示;B记录;C减少;D测量。句意:越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品,这样做是为了减少垃圾,故选C。17.名词辨析。A技术;B环境;C消费者;D品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境,故选B。18.考查副词辨析。A然而;B要不然;C因此;D同时。句意:然而,只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的,故选A。19.考查介词辨析。A通过;B支持;C在.之后;D代替,而不是。句意:我们需要修理我们的财物,而不是扔掉它们,故选D。20.由下文中的changing our spending habits可知选A。 2.答案： 1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A; 5.B; 6.D; 7.C; 8.A; 9.D; 10.B; 11.A; 12.B; 13.A; 14.C; 15.D 解析： 这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的,但是随着社会的发展,生活水平的提高,人们的寿命比以前更长了,而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态,为社会做贡献。1、A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计;selected 选择,挑选;improved 提高,改善;discovered发现。根据句意可知,科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁,故应选A。2、D考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地;generally 一般地;apparently 显然地;extremely极其,非常。根据句意可知,如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运,人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。3、C考查副词及语境的理解。句意:然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地;harmlessly 无害地;endlessly 无止境的;separately 分离地,分开地。根据文意可知,因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生,因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。4、A考查副词及语境的理解。句意:他们(细胞)慢慢消耗尽,结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终;hopelessly 没有希望地;automatically 自动地;desperately绝望地,自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。5、B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:尽管我们不能永久的活着,我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的;longer 更长的;richer 更富有的;happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知,现在人的寿命比以前更长了。故选B。6、D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:作为中年和老年的分界线,65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成;guiding 指导,指引;waiting 等待;dividing划分。根据文意可知,把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线,这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线,故选D。7、C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:毕竟,很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力,压迫;damage 损坏;decline 衰落,衰弱;failure失败。根据句意可知,现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的,故选C。8、A考查动词及语境的理解。句意:现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存;enjoy 喜欢,欣赏;remember 记得;value价值,估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知,现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来,故选A。9、D考查名词及语境的理解。句意:在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前,很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题;fears 恐惧,害怕;worries 担心;diseases 疾病。根据句意可知,以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死,所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。10、B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意:既然年少夭折的可能性更低了,那么活得更长的机会就更高了,因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的;young 年轻的;sick 病的;quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知,以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了,dying young就是年少死去。故选B。11、A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变;recovery 恢复;safety 安全;increases 增长,增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will可知,我们现在的人口结构改变了,故选A。12、B考查名词及语境的理解。句意:一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处,然而还有一些人看到的是机会,而不是灾难。dreams 梦想;chances 机会;strengths 力量;choices 选择。根据句意可知,这句话中的while 表示对比,即跟前一种人不一样的看法,故选B。13、A考查名词及语境的理解。句意:现在,很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士,身体都非常健康,仍然积极,心态也很年轻。mind 心态;appearance 外表;voice 声音;movement移动。根据句意可知,这里应该是说虽然年龄老了,但是心态依然年轻,故选A。14、C考查名词及语境的理解。句意:随着我们的社会老龄化,我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护;suggestions 建议;contributions 贡献;permission允许。根据文意可知,现在的社会逐渐老龄化,因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献,故选C。15、D考查动词及语境的理解。句意:前面还有很长的寿命,他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来;appear 好像;出现;turn 转,变成;stay保持。根据文意可知,现在人们的寿命更长了,因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态,为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。考点:社会现象类短文。 3.答案： 1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B; 5.A; 6.D; 7.B; 8.C; 9.B; 10.D; 11.A; 12.C; 13.B; 14.B; 15.D; 16.A; 17.A; 18.D; 19.C; 20.B 二、语法填空 4.答案： and; be made; to create; using; as/when; gradually; who; development; were; with 解析： 本题主要考查词法和句法知识,集中考查了词性转换,并列句,定语从句,状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。.考查并列连词。这里列举了一些亚洲的