前沿经济学第二次作业.pptx

前沿经济学第二次作业,目 录,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,2、建立独立董事制度的作用和意义是什么,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,1.1 现代公司的治理结构,1.1.1 公司治理结构之内涵,公司治理结构就是处理公司股东、董事会、经理、债权人、员工等各相关利益主体之间权、责、利关系的一种制度安排，其实质是要解决因所有权和控制权分离产生的代理问题。 一般来讲它包含两层含义。,(1)外部治理机制即产品市场、资本市场、经理市场等市 场机制对企业利益相关者的权力、利益的作用和影响。,(2)内部治理机制。即企业内部通过组织程序所明确的所有 者、董事会和经理人员等利益相关之间的权力、利益分 配及制衡关系，即通常所讲的公司治理结构。,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,1.1.2建立现代公司治理结构主要手段,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,1. 树立良好的理念 加强制度的建设应该以理念的建设为锋必须通过宣传教育沟 通等方式在企业内部树立现代公司治理结构的概念。分权制衡原是 公司治理结构构建应坚持的基本原则，是任何国家公司治理结构设 计都必须坚持的。公司这样的组织，拥有了个人无法企及的权势地 位，于是就必须对公司进行必要的制约，以防止权力的滥用，危害 个人利益及社会公共利益。,2. 改善股权结构 公司治理结构的有效运作需要适当的股权结构作为基础。西方 各国公司发展的实践表明公司的股权结构最好不要过于分散，应 该有一定数量的能够发挥作用的大股东以支持企业的技术创新，避 免公司治理结构模式内部监督动力的不足的缺陷但不能过于集 中以防止出现类似H本公司治理结构模式片面追求稳定，影响竞 争效率。因此。与股权高度分散和股权高度集中的结构相比，有一 定集中度有相对控股股东。并且有其他大股东存在的股权结构对 于促进企业技术创新，提高公司绩效最为有利。,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,4. 适当引入经理人两权分离 在公司发展壮大的过程中都面临着一个问题那就是在企业 的发展初期往往由于创业者的动力以及较为集中的决策权能够为企 业把握良好的机会但随着企业的发展，由于原有家族式企业管理 层相对而占学历水平较低在面对更为激烈的竞争时。或在面临更 加复杂的决策时，往往不能有效机时的做出决策，因此需要在公司 发展的过程中逐渐引入专业的外部经理人，逐渐分离经营权与所有 权使得企业的治理结构逐渐完善。,3. 加强内部治理建设 要想法设法改善董事会、监事会、股东大会内部治理结构建 设。例如对于一些上市的企业来说，应建立完善相关激励机制， 为经理层提供增强公司业绩的动力。对于非上市的中小企业来说， 也可以通过相应的办法进行激励。,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,5. 建立共同治理机制 共同治理就是在实现公司治理时把债权人、供应商、客户、 员工等主要利益相关者纳入范围之内使他们对公司决策、经营享 有一定的发言权共同推进公司发展。这种治理制度的最大特点在 于将利益相关者纳入公司治理结构框架能够更加有效地形成一种 激励监督机制能够对公司事务更加科学合理地进行决策。共同治 理已成为国际公司治理改革的一种方向。,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,1.2 现代公司治理结构中的权力制衡,概述： 现代企业制度的主要形式是公司制，它是以经济效益和股东权益最优化和持续化为目标，对公司法人财产进行有效使用和管理的组织机构及其运行机制，一般由股东会、董事会、监事会所构成。这些管理机构之间，既有明确的权责界定，又存在着相互制约的关系，形成公司权利制衡机制，促进公司健康发展。,1、如何建立现代公司的治理结构和实现权力制衡,1.2如何实现权力制衡,Click to edit title style,Add your title in here,Add your title in here,Add your title in here,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,1.Describe contents for a Chart - 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