2019年高考英语语法必考考点13名词性从句含解析.docx

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（13）：名词性从句含解析李仕才【考点解读】一、名词性从句的种类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的连接词 1连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。It has not been decided yet when we will leave.We are worrying about what we should do next.2连接副词：when, where, why, how有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012四川高考)3连接词： whether, if, as if, if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；that无词义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter.The question whether we need more time to do the work hasnt been discussed.三、that, what引导的名词性从句的区别 引导名词性从句时，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的”，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (主语从句；what作主语)Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season. (宾语从句；what作宾语)As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it takes to start a business here. (宾语从句；what作宾语)China is no longer what she used to be. (表语从句；what 作表语)It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (主语从句)One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (表语从句)【点睛】(1)that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，常见句型有：itbe形容词(如：obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, evident, clear, apparent等)that从句。Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?itbe名词(如：no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise等)that从句。Its a great pity that its probably the last time this will happen.itbe过去分词(如：said, reported, thought, estimated, expected, decided, announced, arranged, recognized等)that从句。It is known to all that physical exercises can improve our physical and mental health.类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that . /It must be admitted that .it动词(如：seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesnt matter, make no difference等)that从句。It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. (2)that引导主语从句，置于句首时，that不能省略。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(3)that引导宾语从句，常可省略。可接that从句作宾语的动词有：see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。可以接复合宾语的动词有：think, make, consider, find, feel, suppose等，在他们之后，可以用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语that从句后置。此时that不可省略。Do you know (that) he has joined the army?We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的that外，都不可省略。He told me (that) the power would be cut off and that I should get ready.(5)引导表语从句：that引导表语从句，不可省略。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow.四、连接词whether/if(是否)的用法 两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：1宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.2用if会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go. (此句如果把whether改成if, 可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)3宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.4介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether可与不定式连用，也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whether you can make progress in your study depends on whether you try your best.I dont know whether to laugh or to cry.Whether you like that gift he gave you, you should express your gratitude.5在句首引导主语从句时只能用whether。doubt用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether或if引导；doubt用于否定句时，其后的从句用that引导。Whether they will agree with the plan is not clear.I doubt whether/if you have told me the truth.I dont doubt that you are the right person for the job.五、whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, however的用法 它们的作用等同于who, what, which, where, when, how, 但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用no matterwho/what .代替。1引导主语从句。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.2引导宾语从句，充当直接宾语。Ill give you however much money you need.3引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。She will give whoever needs help a hand.4引导介词的宾语从句。You can write about whatever topic you prefer.5引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。Well make him whatever he is fit for.六、主要考点及突破技巧主语从句: 1. 主要考点: 1) that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 常见的句型: It+ be+形容词+ that从句It+ be+名词 (短语)+ that从句It+ be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+ that从句It+ 特殊动词 (seems/ appears/ happens/ matters)+ that从句2) what与that在引导主语从句时的区别: what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而that引导从句, 不充当成分。e.g. What you said yesterday is right. (what引导主语从句, 作said的宾语)That English is important is an undoubted fact. (that引导主语从句, 不作任何成分, 但不可省略)3) 主语从句若含有“是否”意义, 其引导词只能用whether, 不能用if。e.g. Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question. 2. 突破技巧: 1) 掌握形式主语的句式及变化，根据句意选取合适连接词, 除that在句子中没有意义, 但不能省略外, 其他连接词均在句中有意义。2) what, that, which, whether连接主语从句的区别。宾语从句: 1. 主要考点: 1) 动词find, feel, think, consider, take (认为), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后面有宾语补足语时, 且宾语是从句时, 需用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。2) 宾语从句的语序为陈述语序; 主句谓语动词用一般现在时, 从句谓语动词可以用各种时态; 主句谓语动词用一般过去时, 从句需用过去的相应时态, 但从句若表示客观真理、规律, 用一般现在时。e.g. He said that he had been to the space station. 3) 由whether或if引导的宾语从句, 要保持陈述句语序。此外, whether与if在作“是否”讲时, 一般可以换用, 但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if。引导的从句作介词宾语时。e.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 从句中有or或whether or not连用时。e.g. I wonder whether or not he will come. Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick. 后接动词不定式时。e.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 2. 突破技巧: 1) 把握句意, 选取合适的连接词、时态、语序; 2) 注意whether与if的互换和区别。表语从句: 1. 考查内容: 1) 表语从句常跟在这些系动词后, 如be, look, remain, seem等。e.g. That is just what I want. 2) 除常用的连接代词、副词外, as if/ though, because, why等也可以引导宾语从句。e.g. It looks as if its going to rain. 3) 引导表语从句的that不能省略; if不能用于引导表语从句。e.g. The reason is that he got up late. 2. 突破技巧: 1) 理解句意, 把握语境, 扣准连接词在句中的含义; 2) 掌握系动词后的表语从句辨析that, because, if, whether。同位语从句: 1. 考查内容: 1) 同位语从句中的名词：在复合句中, 同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容, 同位语从句通常由that引导(that不能省略)。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word等。e.g. The news that the Shenzhou-X spaceship set off successfully is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 2) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词that充当主语或宾语, 有实际意义, 作宾语时, 可省略。同位语从句中的that是连词, 不充当句子成分, 没有任何意义, 但不可省略。e.g. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定语从句)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位语从句)2. 突破技巧: 1) 熟记同位语从句的常用名词; 2) 分析句子成分, 防止句式变化; 3) 采取“意义法”区别同位语从句与定语从句。【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever【答案】C2. (2018江苏卷) By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. when C. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。3. (2018北京卷) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。4. (2018北京卷) This is _ my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D5. (2017北京) Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。A. whatever任何事B. whoever任何人C. whomever任何人D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除AD，因为需要倣主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。6. (2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B试题分析：A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。考点：考查连词。7. (2017江苏) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。“half of used to charge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选C。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了20美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。8. (2017天津) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C 9. (2016北京) Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C10. (2016江苏) It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语，连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。二、单句填空1. (2018新课标III卷) Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】which【解析】考查宾语从句。句意： 不确定哪一个更害怕，是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”。2. (2015新课标II卷) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70._thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how【解析】根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how，引导宾语从句，作figured out 的宾语。3. (2015高考安徽卷改编) A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非是建造船的目的。thats后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，故填what。4. (2015高考北京卷改编)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心！ 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，故填that。5. (2015高考福建卷改编)I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.【答案】how6. (2015高考湖南卷改编)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案你必须知道你将要去哪里。根据分析可知：You have to know.后面是一个宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处应填where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。7. (2015高考江苏卷改编) _ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.【答案】Where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，有些人对李白的出生地存在质疑，故填where引导主语从句。8. (2015高考湖北卷改编)_ she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.【答案】Whatever【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：不管她说什么，对我们的安排都没什么影响。Whatever引导主语从句，在从句中作says的宾语。9. (2015高考浙江卷改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.【答案】what10. (2015高考重庆卷改编)We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.【答案】when【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我们必须查明卡尔什么时候会来，这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关，因此填when。三、单句改错（并列连词）1. (2018新课标I卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【答案】butand 【解析】考查并列连词。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。2. (2018) Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.【答案】andor【解析】考查并列连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把and改为or。3. (2017新课标I卷) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.【答案】sobut或yet【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。4. (2017新课标III卷) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.【答案】andbut【解析】考查并列连词。not onlybut also为固定搭配，意为“不但而且”。5. (2016新课标I卷) Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.【答案】去掉but6. (2016新课标I卷) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.【答案】or and【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。7. (2016新课标II卷) If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.【答案】butand【解析】考查并列连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and连接上下文。8. (2016四川卷) Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.【答案】sobut【解析】考查并列连词。句意：妈妈有一份全职工作，但还是不得不做大部分家务。前后两句为转折关系，故要将so改为but。9. (2015四川卷) I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.【答案】sobut【解析】考查并列连词。句意：我再也不想去了，可是又怕失去他们的友谊。前后两句应该是转折关系才符合逻辑，故将so改为but。10. (2015新课标I卷) There the air is clean or the mountains are green.【答案】orand【解析】考查并列连词。句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为递进关系，故用连词and。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018天津市一中) Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. why B. that C. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。连接词that引导第二个宾语从句，不具有任何意义，但一般不能省略。2. (2018江苏扬州中学) - Im sorry. I think I am not fit for the job. I dont handle pressure too well.- Oh, I cant believe it. You know, thats not the impression I have of you at all. Thats_ Id describe myself.A. what B. why C. which D. how【答案】D3. (2018江苏无锡市一中) Introverts (性格内向的人), according to Susan Cain, tend to enjoy being alone, doing quieter things or being with just one friend at a time. She says that is _ they get their energy.A. why B. when C. how D. where【答案】C【解析】考查表语从句。句意：性格内向的人，根据Susan Cain，常常喜欢自己呆着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说，这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why“为什么”；when“的时候”；how“如何”引导表语从句，表示方式；where“的地方”。根据语境，故选C。4. (2018江苏无锡市一中) Today we focus on _ is called recurrent obesity (复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity (溜溜球式肥胖), _ is the phenomenon _ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet, but within 12 months we go back to our original weight.A. what; which; in which B. which; which; whereC. all; that; that D. whatever; as; which【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：今天，我们集中在被称为复发性肥胖或溜溜球式肥胖目标上。这是一种现象，一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重，但是在12个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。“_ is called recurrent obesity (复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity (溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句，从句中缺乏主语，what引导宾语从句，从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，故第一空填what；第二空which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代这个主句，从句中作主语；“_ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet”是定语从句，先行词是the phenomenon，从句中作抽象地点状语，引导词用关系副词where或者in which。故选A。5. (2018天津市一中) Jenny asked me _ I had returned the bike to its owner, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C6. (2018江苏南京师大附中) According to The Sun, British scientists have solved the ancient riddle of _ came firstchicken or egg?A. who B. what C. which D. that【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：据太阳报报道，英国科学家日前解开了“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的古老谜团。表示“哪一个”用which，在宾语从句中做主语，故选C. 7. (2018江苏启东中学) _ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our social values.A. How B. Whether C. That D. Why【答案】C【解析】考查主语从句。句意：工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要驱动者，这深深地植根于我们的社会价值观中。“_ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主语，是主语从句，该从句结构意思完整，故应用that引导该从句。故C选项正确。8. (2018江苏常熟中学) World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away, and there are many things still to be done.A. which B. what C. that D. /【答案】C9. (2018北京市人大附中) It shocked the world the United States withdrew from some major agreements it had been committed to, including the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change mitigation and the 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal.A. which B. what C. whether D. that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。句意：令世界震惊的是，美国退出了它所承诺的一些主要协议，包括2015年巴黎气候变化缓解协定和2015年伊朗核协议。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，故D项正确。10. (2018天津市静海县一中)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. before C. that D. though【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句的同位语从句。句意：这些年来地球变得越来越热，这个事情让很多科学家很担忧。that引导同位语从句that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years解释名词the fact的内容，从句句意完整，成分齐全，That在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，只起引导作用。故选C。二、单句填空1. (2018安徽六安市一中) Its possible that one way out could be blocked by fire or smoke, so youll want to know 49 other ones are.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你想知道其它的通道在哪里。用连接副词where引导宾语从句，故填where.2. (2018重庆市9校联盟) Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk 47 AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句中包含concerns的同位语从句，由that引导，故填that. 3. (2018重庆中学等) Obviously, humans know 45 the causes to the changes are, among which human activity and climate change are mainly to blame【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：人类知道变化的起因是什么。what引导宾语从从句，其双重作用。4. (2018重庆市南开中学) 48 puzzles us is why you would bother to borrow $5,000 ?【答案】What5. (2018贵州凯里一中) 42 we celebrate is the end of winter, arrival of spring, and reunion with family and relatives.【答案】What【解析】考查主语从句。 42 we celebrate在句子中作主语，所以 42 we celebrate是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作celebrate宾语，所以填What。6. (2018哈尔滨师大附中) When the sugar cools down, 50 appears is a piece of sugar craft.【答案】what【解析】考查主语从句。句意：当糖冷却之后，看起来就是一张糖画。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，表示“所的东西”，故此空用what。7. (2018河北衡水中学) It was believed 50 on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors good harvest.【答案】that【解析】考查主语从句。句意：人们相信，这一天，井里到处都是龙蛋，这会给捕捉者时带来丰收。分析句子可知，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的on this day the well was full of dragon eggs which would bring the collectors good harvest.句子，分析句子可知，后面的从句中不缺少成分，因此要用that引导句子，故本空填that。8. (2018石家庄市二中) But on closer inspection, things are not quite 45 they seem: Gaos real name is Terry Crossman and he is from the United States.【答案】what【解析】句意：但是在进一步的审查中，情况并不是他们看起来的那样。根据句意可知，此处是what引导的表语从句。故答案为what。9. (2018河南南阳市一中) He excitedly pulled hard at it, and 47 he saw made him exclaim, “Wow! A big, shiny gold chain!”【答案】10. (2018河南郑州市一中) They wanted to understand who painted the pictures and 45 they might mean.【答案】【解析】本题考查了宾语从句。句意