2018年高考英语阅读理解技法点拨2.细节理解.docx

阅读理解技法点拨 2.细节理解【示例】Many comic books have characters that challenge everything we know about physics and biology.A man who heals from bullet wounds in seconds.A hero brought to his knees in the presence of a mysterious element.A heroine who carries a rope that forces someone to tell the truth.While it can be fun to imagine how such abilities could exist，most comic book heroes resist science；they dont teach it.The American Physical Society is trying to change that with Spectra. Lucy is an ordinary middle school student at Nikola Tesla Middle School.She likes to spend science class with friends.Then one day，she discovers a very personal connection with physics.Shes a human laser! When the girls friends go missing，Lucy becomes the superhero Spectra.To save her friends，she uses her laser powers to fly，cut through walls and appear in many places at once. Spectras adventures also show important physics lessons.Each comic book provides science projects that go along with the story.Melting Hershey Kisses suggests how different metals conduct heat.Stirring ketchup into water shows what different viscositiesor the “thicknesses” of fluidslook like.Numbers and other data from each experiment provide the information that Spectra and her friends can use to save the world from the villain of the week. The concepts might be confusing，however，without the aid of a lesson plan.Spectra saves the world with her laser powers.But the comic book never fully explains what a laser is，how diffraction works or why different wavelengths of light appear as different colors.The comic also refers to products that use lasers.Yet it never actually shows how these products (such as iPods) make use of that technology.Having a teacher around to provide definitions and details will help readers glean the most from Spectras tales and the recommended experiments. The American Physical Society developed the series，and produced the first issue in 2009.There are now five issues to choose from.Spectras tales are free on its website.Teachers can also download a special (and free) edition.1.The first paragraph implies that heroes in comic books Afind magic power on science Bmake full use of physics or biology Cchallenge the power of science Ddont show respect for science 2According to the text，Spectra focuses on Aspreading science in Spectras adventures Bproviding the victory of the beauty over the ugly Ctelling the wide use of laser in our life Dencouraging kids to learn from heroes 3The fourth paragraph is mainly about Awhether the teachers can use Spectra in class Bwhat shortcomings Spectra has Cwhy the concepts are confusing in Spectra Dhow laser is defined in Spectra 4We can infer that the text is Aan ad for products using lasers Ba description of a girl hero Can introduction to a new book Dan explanation of the science of law 【解析】本文主要介绍了美国物理学会出版的一系列科幻小说，它们主要用来介绍科学知识。 1解析：选 D。推理判断题。根据第一段的 most comic book heroes resist science；they dont teach it.可知，这些科幻小说虽然描写了科学等方面的知识，但是它们却不传授科学知识。 2解析：选 A。细节理解题。结合第二段和第三段前两句话 Spectras adventures also show important physics lessons.Each comic book provides science projects that go along with the story.可知，这本书通过 Spectra 的冒险历程来传授科学方面的知识。 3解析：选 B。段落大意题。结合第四段的 The concepts might be confusing.Spectras tales and the recommended experiments.可知这本书没有解释什么是激光，以及一些产品如何利用这些技术等，所以选 B 项。 4解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的 The American Physical Society developed the series，and produced the first issue in 2009.Teachers can also download a special(and free)edition.可知，这是一篇介绍新书的文章。【考点解析】考试说明指出：文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 命题人员往往会要求考生根据不同的要求，阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的 50%以上。【设题方式】细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种： 1Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage? 2Which of the following(sentences/statements)is NOT true according to the passage? 3According to the passage，all of the following are true except/but_ 4The author mentions all of the following except_ 5In the passage，the author states that _ 6According to the passage，when(where，why，how，who，etc.). 7Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 8Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.? 9Which of the drawings below gives an idea of.? 【解题技巧】1直接/间接信息题：速读题干抓“关键”，“跳读”文章锁信息 2信息排序题：先定排头后定尾先确定第一个，然后确定最后一个，最后根据原文确定中间几个的排序。 3正误判断题：题干原文静心觅 在解答时要带着原题回到原文中，看它们之间的吻合性。这类题目头绪繁杂，在解题时一定要避免急躁心理。 4数字计算题：“加减乘除”巧破解 弄清询问数据与原文数据的因果关系，必要时进行加减乘除或单位换算。 【干扰特点】1扩大或缩小范围 为了表达准确严密，文章对范围的限定很重视。通常是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及数量时常用 many，almost all，nearly，more than，over，only a few，normally 等限制。而干扰项是改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。 2偷换概念 命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。 3正误并存 在干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。只要选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属应排除的干扰项。 下面这些线索词能够反映句子间的逻辑关系。如：because，since，for，as 等表示因果关系；after，first，next，later，meantime等表示时间关系；above，below，behind，in front of 等表示方位关系；but，on the contrary，on the other hand 等表示转折或相对关系；furthermore，whats more 等表示递进关系；for instance，for example，such as 等表示例证关系。这些表示逻辑关系的词语能为考生解答细节题提供重要的线索，考生要特别注意。【演练1】Whats On? Electric Underground 730pm1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know whos playing in your area? Were bringing you an exciting evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands.Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so，come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye，a successful record producer.Hes going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 830pm10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform.Hes the funniest standu-p comedian on the comedy scene.This joyful show will please everyone， from the youngest to the oldest.Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks (快餐)Simons Workshop 500pm7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy.The workshop looks at every kind of comedy，and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy.His workshops are exciting and fun.An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 800pm11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out.Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new bests-elling CD，with James Pickering on the piano.The menu is Italian，with excellent meat and fresh fish，pizzas and pasta (面食)Book early to get a table.Our bar is open all day，and serves cocktails，coffee，beer，and white wine. 【解析】本文是一篇由四则广告组成的应用文。分别介绍了一个讲座、一个喜剧演员的演出、一个喜剧演员的工作室以及一个有爵士乐和美食的好去处。 1Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? AJules Skye. BGee Whizz. CCharlotte Stone. DJames Pickering. 解析：选 A。细节理解题。从题干的 have your music produced判断本题的答案出处在第一则广告，该广告说，“你是否有兴趣成为音乐人，得到录制唱片的合同？”然后说晚上 7 点半有 Jules Skye 的报告，因此选 A 项 Jules Skye。根据本广告最后一句话也可得出答案。 2At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? AThe Cyclops Theatre. BKaleidoscope. CVictoria Stage. DPizza World. 解析：选 B。细节理解题。带着题干的“不同年龄的人欢笑”这个信息，我们去这几则广告中寻找相关信息。答案在第二则广告里，该广告说，Gee Whizz 是最滑稽的单口喜剧演员(standu-p comedian)，他的表演能够让所有人快乐，下至孩童上到老人(from the youngest to the oldest)。表演的地点是 Kaleidoscope，因此选 B项。 3What do we know about Simons Workshop? AIt requires membership status. BIt lasts three hours each time. CIt is run by a comedy club. DIt is held every Wednesday. 解析：选 D。细节理解题。本题涉及第三则广告的相关信息。从 5.00pm7.30 pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage 可以判断，该活动每个星期三举办，故 D 项正确。每次两个半小时，排除 B 项；文章没有提到需要有会员资格，排除 A 项；也没有提到喜剧俱乐部，排除 C 项。 4When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A5.00pm7.30pm. B7.30pm1.00am. C8.00pm11.00pm. D8.30pm10.30pm. 解析：选 C。细节理解题。从题干可知解本题的信息来自最后一则广告，该广告开头就交代了时间：晚上 8 点到 11 点，因此选C 项。【演练2】The English proficiency of Chinese women is much better than that of men, according to a study released in Shanghai yesterday.Chinese women scored three points higher than men in the English Proficiency Index (英语水平指数) released by EF Education，a language training company，mainly English.Worldside，women scored one point higher than men on average. “This shows that Chinese women are more used to the Chinese education mode，the report said.Chinese women use their gift of language to gain success.” However ，Chinese mainlanders English proficiency ranked second to last in Asia，despite the great time and effort that many people invest in learning the language，the report said.Chinas mainland is ranked the 36th in the index of 54 countries and regions where English is not the native language.Thats down by seven places comparing with that last year. The Chinese mainland belongs to the lowp-roficiency tier(低水平层次) and is ranked just above Thailand in Asia.This years index has increased the weight of listening tests，while decreasing the importance of grammar and vocabulary exams，which partly caused the ranking change，researchers said.Moreover，testoriented (以考试为目的) and roteb-ased (死记硬背) learning methods often used in China hurt the language skills of Chinese students，education experts said. The study compared test scores of more than 1.7 million adults in the 54 countries and regions.Sweden，Denmark and the Netherlands have the best command of English，while Libya has the lowest English proficiency level.European countries generally performed well.But Italy，Spain and Portugal，some of the countries at the heart of the euro zone crisis，are being dragged down by poor English，according to the report.Singapore is 12th，the best in Asia，followed by Malaysia and India，South Korea，at 21st，and Japan，at 22nd，performed disappointingly low despite their focus on education，the report said. One in every four people frequently uses English at work on Chinas mainland，nevertheless nearly 15 percent said they never use English，lower than the world average level，according to